Design-2-Life. Lifecycle modelling to favour eco-design of products along several lives.

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Isabella Nelson
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1 [avnir] Conference 2016 Design-2-Life Lifecycle modelling to favour eco-design of products along several lives. Tom Bauer a, Guillaume Mandil a, Élise Monnier b, Peggy Zwolinski a a Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, G-SCOP, Grenoble, France b CEA-Liten, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble cedex 9, France

2 Contents Context: End-of-Life Strategies Concept of D2L Main D2L characteristics Work perspectives 2

3 Context - EoL Strategies High interest in the EoL of products Regulations WEEE, ELV, Ecodesign directives Economic raw material recovery Customers Environment Different strategies - Reuse - Remanufacture - Recycle - Disposal Value Raw material Energy (at best) [Ziout et al., 2014; Directive 2008/98/EC] 3

4 Context - EoL Strategies [adapted from Zhang, 2014] 4

5 Dilemma: + Max of value Min of environmental burdens If the 2 value-keeping strategies are not applicable: No satisfying performances Scientific Barrier Improve lifetime No process to go back to original characteristics New EoL strategy Understand how this model works and Determine how to support D2L designers. 5

6 Research Questions How to define D2L systems? In which ways D2L systems modify design processes? How to define and assess their environmental relevance? 6

7 Concept - D2L use1 [adapted from Zhang, 2014] 7

8 Concept - D2L 2 distinct uses / applications Lifetime prolonged Different function, because of distinct performances Core collection needed Environmentally-friendly manufacturing steps 8

9 1 st conclusions about D2L What we know Battery case studies Environmental benefits (uc) Regulation push Some characteristics of the P.P.BM triad Work for unit systems Lack / Need No specific methodology (even less global) Repurposing steps Identify D2L systems LCA modeling inconstancies Federate actors Large scale uc: under conditions P.P.BM: Product - Process - Business Model 9

10 Action plan for D2L strategy 10

11 Characteristics of repurposing Product characteristics Processes Business Models [adapted from Zhang, 2014; Gray and Charter, 2008] 11

12 Characteristics of repurposing Product Process Business Model Reliable All processes Regulation Durable Energy-efficient Modularity & Standardisation Out of initial perf. range All technologies Which Use phase Cleaning Reconfiguration developments, casing, notice, ) (Dis)assembly Inspection Storage Test Availability of Supply Reverse Logistic Lower Price From D2L concept From literature From SNAM From SNAM (new) 12

13 Characteristics of repurposing Product Process Business Model Reliable Durable Energy-efficient Modularity & Standardisation Out of initial perf. range All technologies Which Use phase All processes Cleaning Reconfiguration (developments, casing, notice, ) (Dis)assembly Inspection Storage Test Regulation Availability of Supply Reverse Logistic Lower Price From D2L concept From literature From SNAM From SNAM (new) 13

14 Characteristics of repurposing [adapted from Zhang, 2014; Gray and Charter, 2008] 14

15 Characteristics of repurposing Product Process Business Model Reliable Durable Energy-efficient Modularity & Standardisation Partly Out of Functionally initial perf. obsolescent range (perf.) All technologies Which Which technologies Use phase All processes Cleaning Reconfiguration (developments, casing, casing, notice, ) notice, ) (Dis)assembly Inspection Storage Tests Flexible process Regulation Availability of of Supply Reverse Logistic Lower Price Image: E t & Soc. Partners Influence of EoU From D2L From Partner concept From Partner From literature (new charact.) 15

16 Work Perspectives Cross-reference data with designers (CEA) Identify each particular Bill of Specifications Set up a common BoS Characterise the industrial chain facilitating D2L Propose a D2L strategy Perform environmental assessment Application to EV and other products 16

17 Thank you. Tom Bauer

18 References Arnette AN, Brewer BL, Choal T. Design for sustainability (DFS): the intersection of supply chain and environment. J Clean Prod 2014;83: Bakker C, Wang F, Huisman J, den Hollander M. Products that go round: exploring product life extension through design. Journal of Cleaner Production 2014;69:10 6. Bauer, T., Mandil, G., Naveaux, É., Zwolinski, P., Lifespan Extension for Environmental Benefits: A new Concept of Products with Several Distinct Usage Phases, in: Procedia CIRP, Product-Service Systems across Life Cycle. pp Beverungen, D., Bräuer, S., Plenter, F., Klör, B., Monhof, M., Ensembles of context and form for repurposing electric vehicle batteries: an exploratory study. Comput Sci Res Dev 1 15 European Commission, Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives. Gelbmann U, Hammerl B. Integrative re-use systems as innovative business models for devising sustainable product service-systems. Journal of Cleaner Production 2015;97: Go TF, Wahab DA, Hishamuddin H. Multiple generation life-cycles for product sustainability: the way forward. Journal of Cleaner Production 2015;95: Gray C, Charter M. Remanufacturing and product design. International Journal of Product Development 2008;6: Hatcher GD, Ijomah WL, Windmill JFC. Design for remanufacture: a literature review and future research needs. Journal of Cleaner Production 2011;19: Ijomah, W.L., Addressing decision making for remanufacturing operations and design-for-remanufacture. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 2, Ziout A, Azab A, Atwan M. A holistic approach for decision on selection of end-of-life products recovery options. Journal of Cleaner Production 2014;65: Zwolinski P, Lopez-Ontiveros M-A, Brissaud D. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. J Clean Prod 2006;14:

Clarifying the disagreements on various reuse options: Repair, recondition, refurbish and remanufacture

0010.1177/0734242X16628981Waste Management & ResearchGharfalkar et al. research-article2016 Original Article Clarifying the disagreements on various reuse options: Repair, recondition, refurbish and remanufacture