Disaster Risk Reduction from a LRRD perspective. Mercedes Aguerre COOPI 15 december 2016

Transcription

1 Disaster Risk Reduction from a LRRD perspective Mercedes Aguerre COOPI 15 december 2016

2 INDEX 1. Presentation of COOPI. 2. Disaster overview and trends. 3.Disaster Risk Reduction key concepts and frameworks. 4. DRR specific projects and mainstreaming DRR. 5. How to strengthen community and local institutions resilience? COOPI good practices. 6. DRR and LRRD. 7. Exercise: case study.

3 1. Presentation of COOPI

4 Video: COOPI's video 50 years together COOPI is a humanitarian organization that fights against all kinds of poverty. We are an independent Italian NGO founded in Milan by Father Vincenzo Barbieri on April For 50 years we have been dedicated to breaking the cycle of poverty and to supporting populations affected by wars, socio-economic crises or natural disasters in their path to recovery and sustainable development. Present in 24 countries in Africa, the Middle East, Latin America and the Caribbean. 150 humanitarian projects reaching almost 2,400,000 people. Since 1965 we have helped 100 million people, through 1,600 projects in 63 countries, employing 4,500 expatriate and 55,000 local operators.

5 COOPI DRR expertise in the world Since 1999 Multihazards approach, focus on vulnerabilities DRR specific programs in: Bolivia, Paraguay, Ecuador, Peru, Guatemala, Haiti, Malawi. Expertise in Urban Risk Management and GIS, community-based DRR.

6 1. Disaster overview and trends

7 Disaster overview: Over 700 thousand people have lost their lives, over 1.4 million have been injured and approximately 23 million have been made homeless as a result of disasters. More than 1.5 billion people have been affected by disasters in various ways, with women, children and people in vulnerable situations disproportionately affected. The total economic loss was more than $1.3 trillion. In addition, between 2008 and 2012, 144 million people were displaced by disasters. Even though great progress have been made, exposure of persons and assets in all countries has increased faster than vulnerability has decreased. (Sendai Framework, 2015) INFORM 2016 Risk index map shows risk of humanitarian crises and disaster across the globe Video: Introducing Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience

8 Figure 1 The Human Cost of Natural Disasters CRED 2015

9 Figure 2 The 20 most deadly disasters the las 20 years Poverty and Death Disaster Mortality CRED

10 Figure 3 The Human Cost of Natural Disasters CRED 2015

11 Figure 4 The Human Cost of Natural Disasters CRED 2015

12 Figure 5 The Human Cost of Natural Disasters CRED 2015

13 3.Disaster Risk Reduction key concepts and frameworks.

14 Risk: The combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences. Risk = hazard + vulnerability capacity Hazard: Natural process or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. For example: floods, earthquakes, cyclone, etc. Vulnerability: The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. Capacity: The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals. Disaster: A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

15 Disaster classification

16 Natural hazards Geological : earthquake, landslide, tsunamis volcanic eruption. Climate-related: floods, storms, cyclone/ typhoons/ hurricane, drought, extreme temperatures. Biological: epidemics, plague (insects or animals). Man-made hazards Environmental deterioration. Technological threats (transport accidents, industrials, nuclear radiation, toxic waste) Complex emergencies/conflict

17 Figure 2 Poverty and Death Disaster Mortality CRED

18 Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR): The set of activities that permits adequate preparedness, prevention and mitigation of risks related to naturallyoriginated phenomena. According to this definition, there are 3 ways that enable us to reduce disaster risks: Prevention: The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards through measures taken in advance. Preparedness: The set of knowledge, capacities and actions taken in advance to give an effective response to the impact of hazards. Mitigation: The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.

19 Prevention Examples: Gabion walls that eliminated floods Risk. Avoid using land located at risk zones. Seismic engineer studies.

20 Preparedness Examples: Design and implementation of EWS. Planning. Equipment storage. Coordination mechanism. Multi-hazard evacuation drills. Awareness.

21 Mitigation Structural measures: engineer techniques and resistant construction. Gabion wall. Footbridge/stairs to improve access. Non structural measures: Improve environmental policies. Land management.

22 Video: Act Now, Save Later First part Identify: general context, hazards, risk, sectors of intervention, if there are vulnerable groups. Describe people reactions. What would you do? Which kind of interventions? Second part Which has been the actions taken? Other possible actions?

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24 COOPI S KEY CONCEPS IN DRR&E ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Conservation of natural and environmental resources Enhance DRR and sustainable development. COOPI s actions focuses on carrying out: DRR oriented land use planning and waste management interventions CCA Research to climate change related programs Advocacy and awareness activities on the use of environmental resources.

25 Participation Communities and institutions Part of every step of the project. Multicultural approach and gender equality. Involvement of vulnerable groups. Strengthening of accountability processes.

26 Integration of prevention, mitigation and preparedness Inseparability and complementarity. Applied in emergency, rehabilitation and development contexts.

27 International theoretical and legal framework main steps Sustainable development

28 Sendai Framework particularities Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction ( ) foresees the substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries. Priority 1: Understanding disaster risk Priority 2: Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk. Priority 3: Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience. Priority 4: Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to Build Back Better in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction. The Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development recognizes and reaffirms the urgent need to reduce the risk of disasters. There are 25 targets related to disaster risk reduction in 10 of the 17 SDGs, firmly establishing the role of disaster risk reduction as a core development strategy.

29 4. DRR specific projects and mainstreaming DRR in other projects.

30 DRR specific projects Need Assessment Monitoring & Evaluation Project design Implementation

31 Monitoring & Evaluation Need Assessment Project design Assess: The range, frequency and likely impact of natural hazards. The vulnerabilities and capacities of people at risk. Capacities at community and institutional level. Participatory approach. Implementation

32 Monitoring & Evaluation Needs assessment Project design Develop clear and realistic objectives, results and indicators in DRR. The international standards. Budget and cost-effectiveness Human Resources Implementation

33 Assessment Monitoring & Evaluation Project design Target vulnerable population Geographical area and potential risks. Work plan. Stakeholders responsibilities. Partners organisations. Implementation

34 Monitoring & Evaluation Assessment Implementation Project design Visits to local communities Discussions with target groups Regular discussions with relevant authorities. Analysis of baseline. KAP survey. Simulation exercises. Analysis of financial and activities reports. External evaluation. Internal evaluation Sharing sessions.

35 Mainstraeming DRR Mainstreaming = Addressing a certain issue without creating a specific sector or project for it. Focuses not on the what we do but on how we do it Mainstreaming protection in all sectors: - FOOD & NUTRITION - WASH - SHELTER - CCCM & PROTECTION - HEALTH - EDUCATION - ENERGIE Mainstreaming protection at all stages: - ASSESSMENT - PLANNING - IMPLEMENTATION - M&E - COORDINATION All actions should be think and plan regarding future and present exposure to disaster risk. It is important to ALWAYS start from a risk, vulnerability and capacity assessment of the target population. How disaster risk can compromise the implementation of a project? Which can be the negative impact of a project in the vulnerability to natural hazards?

36 Why is necessary to mainstream DRR? Natural risks increase due to Climate Change DRR is a cross-cutting issue DRR allows linking response rehabilitation and development.

37 3 key elements that allow the maintreaming of DRR in other sectors of intervention Prevention Preparedness Mitigation

38 Exercise In groups of 5 You are writing a project in Food Security/WASH/Education/Health. The need assessment shows that the area where you are willing to implement your action is at risk. Which activities in DRR do you think you might integrate/mainstream in your project? Discussion group: 15 minutes Feedback: 10 minutes.

39 5. How to strengthen community and local institutions resilience?

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41 Resilience The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions.

42 COOPI s good practices Land analysis and the use of GIS Education, communication and information: DRR awareness in schools. Capacity building: Simulation/evacuation exercises. Risk mitigation and supporting infrastructures

43 LAND ANALISYS AND THE USE OF GIS COOPI s approach is based on the resources of the communities and their vulnerabilities. Land analysis and identification of essential resources. Analysis of resources and land vulnerabilities. Creation of georeferenced database and information systems. Creation of web platforms Production of maps and simulations exercises to support risk and crisis management. The main objective of this practice is the dissemination and use of georeferenced information useful for planning, disaster preparedness, preventive land management and crisis management. Examples: Ecuador, Peru, Haiti, Malawi. Ongoing in Guatemala and Paraguay.

44 Description - This practices is based on a significant body of georeferenced data. - An online map server will make easier the consultation of data, through a more simpler and user-friendly interface. - The tool can be used individually or collectively, in particular through simulation exercises to prepare for and respond to disasters. - Used for DRR and Food and Nutritional Security. - Free online map server. - Reinforcement of local actors through their participation all along the project. - Replicability in other contexts and other sectors. - The data can be used a large scale (OSM)

45 Participation of local organizations and committees located in the municipality of Tabarre during the last crisis management situations (mainly after the 2010 earthquake and 2012 Hurricane Sandy). Système d'information sur les ressources et les vulnérabilités pour la préparation aux catastrophes, la gestion des crises et la gestion préventive du territoire de Port-au-Prince, Haïti

46 EDUCATION, COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION Raising DRR awareness Olympic Games in DRR in Ecuador. Creation of an informal space for the involvement and capacity building of youths on DRR. Youth as key actors, motivate them to volunteer. The games have become part of the educational programmes of the Secretaría Nacional de Gestión de Riesgo (Ecuadorean Civil Protection).

47 Description students participated. - Strengthening of inter-institutional coordination capacity at Operational Emergency Center (COE) and youth organisation level. - Awareness activities. - Identification of participants. - Training courses, building capacities. - Activities implementation, DRR Olympic Games. - Debriefing: recognize youth acquired capacities. DRR olympic games

48 Riskland - Recreational and educational tool created by UNICEF and UNISDR suitable for different environmental and cultural context. - Raise awareness, educate and mobilise the educational community on Chaco and drought realities through the game. - The adaptation has been done through a participatory approach. - Example of development actions, while working in the emergency field. - Tool for human rights promotion. - Integrated context vision.

49 CAPACITY BUILDING Simulation exercises Strengthening community and institutional capacities (Municipalities, first aid, civil protection, fire brigades). According to national laws and Sendai Framework. Knowledge of risk areas and vulnerabilities. Reinforcement of communication system and verification of contingency plans. Approach between communities and local actors. Participatory approach. Easy to replicate. Low investment and huge impact.

50 Description Preparation in coordination with corresponding authorities Stablish a proper scenario: cyclone, earthquake, flood. Identification of vulnerable areas and hazard. Coordination meetings with local stakeholders: roles and responsibilities. Selection of target population. Awareness and coordination meetings with communities. Determination of evacuation route and assembly point. Debriefing with participants and organisers. Videos

51 RISK MITIGATION AND INFRAESTRUCTURES Focus on essential resources. Strengthening and/or building ER operation centres and shelters. Constructions and/or rehabilitation of roads/bridges for evacuation. Construction of environmentally sustainable and hazard resilient latrines.

52 6. Disaster Risk Reduction and LRRD

53 Application of prevention, mitigation and preparedness activities in all intervention phases.

54 Integration of prevention, mitigation and preparedness in different contexts interventions

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56 Opportunities for promoting DRR measures in relief phase As a result of the disaster, the deficiencies and weaknesses of the pre-disaster situation are clearly visible. There is fertile environment for extraordinary reforms. Additional resources may be available which, if managed wisely, can be directed to addressing underlying risk factors. People affected by the disaster tend to be very receptive to interventions that aim to reduce their vulnerability to similar hazards. The destruction of unsafe infrastructure can create opportunities for the construction of resilient infrastructure. But also a challenge

57 Examples of DRR measures by sector Infrastructure

58 - Provide hazard- resilient materials and designs. - Use locally available materials if possible. - Train local masons and construction workers in affordable hazardsresilient construction. - Conduct public demonstrations of hazard-resilient designs using locally available materials. - Advocacy to review national buildings regulation and codes. - Risk mapping to guide reconstruction and relocation processes. - Environmental assessment for reconstruction and sourcing of building materials.

59 Food security - Cash/food for work to help affected HHs to meet food deficits while benefiting the wider community through clean-up and hazards mitigation actions. - Provide improved seed varieties that will help meet food security needs in future scenarios.

60 Education Evacuation drills Trainings Awareness campaigns

61 Wash Rehabilitation of water distributions networks using hazards resilient materials and designs Constitute and build local capacities of local water committees for maintenance and resource management HHs water filers + training

62 COOPI best practice applying DRR from a LRRD perspective Emergency project: Support to rural communities affected by floods and landslide in Puno, Peru In 2010, a great flood struck Cuzco and Puno Regions in Peru. Puno flood Livelihood strengthening component + house reconstruction. Local capacity strengthening in building resilient houses, valuing local know-how in order to optimize environmental resources and better adapt to surrounding environment. Reconstruction of 247 houses in 26 communities.

63 7. Exercise: case study.

64 6 groups of 5 members. You will be giving a report regarding the situation of 2 different scenarios. You are an INGO planning to carry out a project in the context given. You have to foresee your action plan for all the intervention phases (relief, rehabilitation and development) making focus in DRR activities.

65 1) General analysis Orientation questions - Context analysis: classification of the hazard, cause of the problem, etc. - Which kind of resources will you need? - Who are the MVG and which are their needs? - Which is the objective of your intervention? - Which are the expected results? - Partnerships and strategic alliances? 2) Which kind of activities do you think are going to be the most appropriate to implement in each phase using a LRRD approach? 3) What are your proposition to avoid/reduce such humanitarian consequences in the futures?

66 Haiti Italy

67 COOPI - COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE ONG Onlus HEADQUARTERS: VIA F. DE LEMENE MILANO - ITALIA TEL r.a. - FAX C.F. e P.IVA COOPI@COOPI.ORG