Water A Scarce Resource

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Damon Morgan
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1 Water A Scarce Resource

2 Panelists Katherine Crowther Acting Senior Engineer, Toronto Water Water Infrastructure Management Renee Chu Water Consultant Business Operations Management, Toronto Water Denise Wight Director of Sales, New Wave Industries Claire Darmanin Chief Operating Officer, International Carwash Association Place presentation title here. Place presentation title here. Place presentation title here.

3 Water in the News - Canada

7 Water in the News Around the World

10 Water The most important ingredient in the carwash process. Things you need to know: 1. Aging Infrastructure, 2. Increasing Costs and Supply Issues 3. Conservation 4. Reclaim 5. Marketing

11 Infrastructure, Supply and Costs Toronto Water Infrastructure Renewal and Capital Works Programs Katherine Crowther Acting Senior Engineer, Toronto Water Water Infrastructure Management

Harris Water Treatment Plant Operates many facilities 24 hours per day, 365 days per year R.C.

12 Toronto Water Overview Serves 3.2 million residents and businesses in Toronto, and portions of York and Peel R.C. Harris Water Treatment Plant Operates many facilities 24 hours per day, 365 days per year R.C. Harris Water Treatment Plant Toronto Water Capital Program is 100% ratesupported and no reliance on the property tax base to support Toronto Water operating and capital budgets. Ashbridges Bay Wastewater Treatment Plant 12

Inventory of Assets - Replacement Value of $28 Billion WATER - $9.

km of distribution watermains and 528 km of trunk watermains 60,933 valves and 40,817

600,000) 18 water pumping stations WASTEWATER - $19.

sanitary, 1,300 km of combined and 4,300 km of storm sewers 151,485 maintenance holes

13 Inventory of Assets - Replacement Value of $28 Billion WATER - $9.0 Billion 4 water filtration plants 10 reservoirs and 4 elevated storage tanks 5,427 km of distribution watermains and 528 km of trunk watermains 60,933 valves and 40,817 hydrants 470,202 water service connections, plus York Region (population served 600,000) 18 water pumping stations WASTEWATER - $19.0 Billion 4 wastewater treatment plants 5 storage and detention tanks 4,400 km of sanitary, 1,300 km of combined and 4,300 km of storm sewers 151,485 maintenance holes 463,300 sewer service connections 82 wastewater pumping stations 371 km of watercourses, 89 stormwater management ponds 2,300 outfalls & 165,662 catchbasins 13

14 Watermain Construction History ( )

15 Annual Watermain Breaks ( ) Etobicoke North York Scarborough Former Toronto Number of Break Records Year

16 Program Challenges Aging Infrastructure and Capital Renewal Rates $1.6 billion backlog ($1.1 billion for underground assets; $500 million for water/wastewater treatment plants and facilities). 16

17 State of Good Repair Funding & Backlog SOGR Backlog SOGR Budget Proposed Annual Renewal Need 29

18 2012 Capital Budget 26

19 Capital Plan by Asset Class ($000s) 27

20 2012 Water Rate

21 How Does Toronto Compare? Water Cost Residential (300 m 3 /y) Total Charge 1200 Fixed Charge $/year

22 How Does Toronto Compare? $3,500 $3, Water Cost Large Industrial (1,000,000 m 3 /Y) $3,080 $3,301 $2,500 $2,408 $2,416 $ 000s/Y $2,000 $1,500 $1,525 $1,505 $1,603 $1,791 $1,000 $500 $- 36

23 2012 Water Rate Increase Impact Type of Property Consumption 2011 Full Annualized Cost * Projected 2012 Cost 2012 Rate Increase Impact m 3 /y $/y $/y $/y % Residential 300 $685 $747 $ % Industrial 100,000 $164,009 $178,769 $14, % 1,000,000 $1,603,082 $1,747,359 $144, % * Rate increase implemented March 1, 2011, represents full 12 months annualized cost Daily cost for all residential water, wastewater and stormwater services only $2.04 per day. An increase of: 17 per household per day. 37

24 Projected Water Rate Increase 2012 PROJECTIONS Block 1 Rate Icrease 10.80% 9.00% 9.00% 9.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% Block 2 Rate Icrease 8.58% 9.00% 9.00% 9.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% Reduction over Block 1 Rate 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 38

25 Questions? Katherine Crowther, P.Eng. Senior Engineer, Water Infrastructure Management City of Toronto

26 Efficiency and Conservation Renee Chu Water Consultant Business Operations Management, Toronto Water

27 City of Toronto Water Efficiency Program Water Conservation - Do we have a water shortage? Why should we care? What can the carwash industry do to improve water efficiency? What s in it for me? City of Toronto Capacity Buyback cash incentives program

28 Great Lakes region Access to 18% of the world s surface freshwater supply shared by 1% of the global population!!!

29 If there isn t a water shortage locally, why is water efficiency important? To help protect the environment Treatment of drinking water and wastewater consumes a lot of energy and chemicals Improved efficiency = less chemicals use for treatment and less energy for distribution To produce 1 cubic metre of water requires approximately 1.0 to 1.2 kwh of electricity (= lighting a 60 watt light bulb for 17 hrs) Reduction in wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge helps improve water quality

If there isn t a water shortage locally, why is water efficiency important? To help individuals and businesses save $$! Although water rate in Toronto is still fairly low (just under $2.

30 If there isn t a water shortage locally, why is water efficiency important? To help individuals and businesses save $$! Although water rate in Toronto is still fairly low (just under $2.50 per cubic metre), it s been rising by 9% annually since 2008 Efficiency = directly lowering water bill Lowering operating cost of water infrastructure = indirectly lowering water bill

31 Water savings opportunities for the carwash industry 1. Reclaim systems Full, turn-key systems, or site- specific systems More challenging for in-bay automatic carwash compared to conveyors because all chemical products and contaminants end up in the same separator tank Proper maintenance is critical to ensure quality of reclaimed water

32 Water savings opportunities for the carwash industry 2. Other proven conservation practices Low flow nozzles, proper nozzle alignment and pressure Properly calibrated conveyors - nozzles timed to turn on as the vehicle passes under the arch, and shut off as the vehicle exits each arch Laser sensors - identify the length of the vehicle being washed in automatic carwashes Leaks repair simple, yet effective!

33 City of Toronto Capacity Buy Back Program Who? Open to all commercial and institutional organizations located in the City of Toronto Why? Helps organizations identify ways to use water more efficiently save $, enhance productivity E.g. Schools, health care facilities, office towers, shopping centres, restaurants, hotels, carwashes etc. Allows the City to buy back water capacity freed up by participants through water use reduction

34 City of Toronto Capacity Buy Back Program What? Implementation of permanent process or equipment change = up to 30 cents cash incentive per litre saved per annual average day When? Program is ongoing Participants can save $ over the long term with reduced water bill

35 How the Capacity Buy Back Program works Step 1: Company contact the City to express interest in participation Step 2: Company will be contacted by the City to determine eligibility and options Step 3: If deemed eligible, a professional engineer contracted by the City will complete a water use audit for the organization Step 4: Implementation of some or all water efficiency measures identified in the audit (please note that the participant is solely responsible for project implementation) Step 5: The City will verify water efficiency measure(s) completed by the participant Step 6: A incentive will be issued (up to 30 cents per litre of water saved per average day)

36 Program Highlights To Date: 94 applicants Participants saved $7.82 million Water Savings ML/d (> 4 Olympic size pools/day) Paid out $2.8 million in incentives

37 Q: What does a water use audit consist of? FAQs A: Engineer will conduct site visit to identify all water using activities on premise, and recommend water saving measures relevant to each water using activity. An estimate on payback period for each measure will also be provided Q: What type of water efficiency measures are eligible for an incentive under the Capacity Buyback program? A: Permanent process or equipment change, i.e. those not impacted by behavioural change. E.g. replacing water-cooled refrigeration with air-cooled units, installing reclaim systems Q: If the incentive amount does not cover the cost of implementation, why should I participate? A: Cash incentive would defray upfront capital cost, or help reduce the cost of implementing further water efficiency measures. Using water more efficiently will generate long term savings from water bill, reduce energy use, sewer charges and increase productivity Q: What s the application process? A: Please contact the Water Efficiency Office Contact info: waterrebates@toronto.ca,

38 Questions? Renee Chu Water Consultant, Service Programs Toronto Water City of Toronto

39 Reclaim Denise Wight Director of Sales, New Wave Industries

40 WHAT IS WATER RECLAMATION? Reclaim by definition is to get back, retrieve or recover. Reclaiming the water is the first step in the process of water management. Reclaim water needs to be: separated from the solids filtered treated for odor prior to being utilized again.

Proper Tank Design for Underground Water Storage is Critical in

installed underground to capture the reclaimed water.

water post water reclamation filtration is 5 microns.

41 Proper Tank Design for Underground Water Storage is Critical in the Reclamation Process A series of water storage tanks are installed underground to capture the reclaimed water. The water contains solids up to 150 microns Optimum wash quality water post water reclamation filtration is 5 microns. A poorly designed tanking system can potentially mean disaster for the carwash operator.

Acceleration by Gravity (cm / sec^2) Rho1 = Density of Medium (g / cm^3) Rho2 =

42 The Theory of Settling Stoke s Law V (R/S) = (g x (Rho1 Rho2) x D^2) / 18 Nu Where: V (R/S) = Rise or Settling Velocity of a Particle (cm / sec) g = Acceleration by Gravity (cm / sec^2) Rho1 = Density of Medium (g / cm^3) Rho2 = Density of Particle (g / cm^3) D = Particle Diameter (cm) Nu = Viscosity of Medium (g / cm / sec)

How Big is a Micron Anyway? A human eye can see 25-35 microns at best A human hair is typically 50 microns in diameter Gravel: 10,000 microns (approx. 3/8 in.

44 How Big is a Micron Anyway? A human eye can see microns at best A human hair is typically 50 microns in diameter Gravel: 10,000 microns (approx. 3/8 in.) Coarse sand: 1,000 microns Fine sand / Table salt: microns Silt / Talcum Powder: 10 microns Bacteria: 1-10 microns With the ever increasing use of 0 nozzles and the requirements set forth by pump manufacturers which require 5 micron quality water as a standard provision of their warranty; 5 micron quality water is essential!

45 Filtration: 101 Or What is the Best Method to Obtain 5 Micron Water? Media Filtration Or depth filtration is the process of pit water being sucked from the reclaim tanks by a pump and pushed through a filter media. The most common media are activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, silica sand and glass. Consistency can be a major problem with these systems as well as bacteria growth in the filter bed. expensive to operate and produces a inconsistent quality of water.

46 Filtration: 101 Or What is the Best Method to Obtain 5 Micron Water? Bag Filtration reclaim water is forced through a filter bag, This is an extremely labor intensive process, most often, bags need to be changed on a daily basis. Cyclonic separators Hydro cyclones separate solids from water through a vortex that spins the solids and separate them from the water. This can be the most effective form of filtration. Not all cyclone separators are created equal. Many systems on the market are unable to achieve 25 microns or less. Make sure the manufacturer will ensure engineer certified 5 micron quality water.

Last, but Certainly Not Least Odor Control If you as a distributor or as a consumer, have been to one or more wash locations that utilize an old reclaim you can appreciate anything that

47 Last, but Certainly Not Least Odor Control If you as a distributor or as a consumer, have been to one or more wash locations that utilize an old reclaim you can appreciate anything that would mitigate, minimize or eliminate the offensive odor In fact, it really isn t the water that smells, it s a microorganism called anaerobic bacteria that is the source of the offensive odor

48 Eliminating Odor at it s Source! The 6 Most Popular Methods Utilized to Eliminate Odor are Chlorine: Benefit - Works, but only for a short period of time, the odor will return in a day or two. Chlorine: Disadvantage - Chlorine is a reactive chemical, it starts attacking the metal and seals in pumps causing premature failure. Pit Odor Deodorizers: Benefit - Deodorizers can temporarily mask the odor with a chemically formulated scent such as cherry or lemon. Pit Odor Deodorizers: Disadvantage - Do not kill the bacteria, in fact, they can compound the odor problem by adding additional contaminants to the waste water. Ultra-Violet: Benefit Can be effective to eliminate anaerobic bacteria by passing reclaim water over a UV light which kills the bacteria. Ultra-Violet: Disadvantage - Reclaim water is dirty which creates a film over the UV lamps impairing their ability to eliminate the bacteria. Enzymes: Benefit Enzymes consume the organic material that provides a food source to anaerobic bacteria, by eliminating the source of food, the bacteria can not survive. Enzymes: Disadvantage It is imperative to utilize the right enzyme, one that is formulated for the chemistry used and your vehicle washing application.

49 The 6 Most Popular Methods Utilized to Eliminate Odor are (cont.) Biological Systems: Benefit - Similar to enzymes as both are organic and designed to consume the bacteria. Biological Systems: Disadvantage Requires a active, healthy specific population, oxygen and a balanced ph environment to survive. Very labor intensive, requires daily monitoring by a trained technician and is sensitive to changes in temperature and chemistry. Ozone: Benefit Ozone or O³ is a reactive gas that will kill odor causing bacteria and will effectively remove color such as dyes in chemistry. Ozone: Disadvantage Ozone is very aggressive and can prematurely degrade rubber, pumps and gaskets. A Ozone gas generator should be carefully sized specifically for the tank design and vehicle washing application. The Ozone system utilized should have a documented ETL approval by the manufacturer of the reclaim system to assure the Operator that ALL necessary control and safeguards measures have been followed to provide safe operation.

50 WHERE CAN RECLAIM WATER BE USED? UNDERCARRIAGE SIDE PANELS HIGH PRESSURE RINSE FLOODER ARCHES MITTERS LAWN / SHRUB WATERING

51 RETRO-FITTING RECLAIM #1, most important thing Get the manufacturer involved! Key things to determine: Site needs to have access to sewer, leach field, or holding tanks. Sites needs to have or install reclaim tanks (above ground tanks can be used) Reclaim tanks need to have a minimum of one 2 suction line and one 1 return line At most locations, a reclaim lease at $475 month will be less then the your water and sewer bills.

52 ABOVE GROUND STORAGE TANKS

53 How does reclaim effect wash quality? A properly designed reclaim system will have no adverse effect on wash quality In order to have no adverse effect it must: Clean the water well enough for high pressure pumps Have no odor Have minimal maintenance

54 What to look for in Reclaim: Achieves 5 micron quality water Eliminates the maintenance typically associated with reclaim systems Uses ozone in a controlled manner to manage odor causing bacteria and remove dyes from chemicals Operates 24 hours a day 7 days a week to ensure the delivery of a quality carwash

55 What to look for in Reclaim: A system that costs between $20,000 and $30,000 More expensive systems are typically overkill and difficult for an operator to maintain Like with any equipment, a certain amount of maintenance is required, a typical ozone system requires refurbishment in about 2 years

56 What should be considered with Reclaim systems: A few last points... Avoid silicone and oil based chemical products. Silicone will clog filters, oil based products will create a slime in the recycled water. There are several ways to build without a sewer but there is no such thing as a true zero discharge system. Somewhere, sometime water must be discharged whether it is periodically pumping your storage tanks, irrigation or a leach field; used water has to go somewhere. Fresh water or spot free water should always be used for chemical application and a RO/spot free rinse is highly recommended.

57 Claire Darmanin Chief Operating Officer, International Carwash Association

58 WaterSavers Recognition program of professional car washing s good environmental practices Focused around water practices at this time Who will benefit? Car wash operators Car wash customers Water regulators (or employees of municipal governments with responsibilities for preserving water)

59 Why Green? Revenue Customers appreciate green practices and therefore will utilize green car washes. Expense Water costs continue to increase reclaiming water saves money. Regulator pressure - Need to remind regulators that car washes as environmentally friendly in times of drought. Altruism - Right thing to do for the environment.

61 Program Benefits Car wash operators have an easy to implement, professional way to promote their environmental stewardship practices and differentiate their businesses from other car washes.

65 Why is this an exciting time to join WaterSavers? Consumer recognition of the WaterSavers brand and mark. Increased investment in public relations activities in both the U.S. and Canada Unprecedented alignment with the industry associations Increased visibility from local and North American media

City of Markham 2018 Proposed Water/Wastewater Rates. General Committee November 6, 2017

City of Markham 2018 Proposed Water/Wastewater Rates General Committee November 6, 2017 2 Agenda 1. About Markham s Environmental Services Department 2. 2017 Comparative Municipal Water/Wastewater Rates