Water Quality: Rural Diffuse Pollution. Andy Vinten
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1 Water Quality: Rural Diffuse Pollution Andy Vinten
2 Research landscape Strategic User Needs CREW Projects Strategic Research (e.g. SG SP, RCUK, EU) Tactical Call Down Here and now Time horizon Long term
3 Current projects (RBMP) Impact of soils and drainage on water quality and flood risk Catchment management and drinking water costs Indicators to assess the effectiveness of measures Innovative monitoring techniques Measures for septic tanks Source estimates of ecologically important P SRDP evidence base, targeting, guidance Protecting drinking water Flooding and coastal erosion Sustainable rural communities RBMP
4 Draft tender to RESAS on Water Resources & Flood Risk Management 1.2.4, Improved governance, delivery, spatial targeting & communication Changing emphasis for diffuse pollution: fine sediment Pathogens Urban sources Increased emphasis for: Extreme flows Morphology Resilience Governance Communication 1.4, Applications at increasing scale & management complexity
5 Catchment citizenship - a key here and now need Understanding different perspectives Achieving shared values Mitigation of real issues Living with uncertainty
6 Catchment citizenship barometer Transcendent values Mutual benefit Narrow self-interest { { { { { HIGH GOOD MODERATE POOR BAD
7 Typical catchment study Catchment citizenship approach
8 Fuzzy cognitive mapping of farmer attitudes towards DP mitigation Hypothesis: breaches can be partly explained by differences in perceptions on environmental regulation and factors determining compliance between farmers and other relevant stakeholders (regulator, consultants, NGO, etc.) Christen and Martin-Ortega, 2015
9 Approach to DP mitigation policy in Scotland Priority Catchment Selection (SEPA) National approach raising awareness, guidance, training in relation to impacts of diffuse pollution, regulations and other measures. Priority Catchment Approach - awareness raising, evidence gathering, farm visits to identify hotspots, target measures and one to one advice. Diffuse pollution monitored priority catchments to demonstrate pollution sources, pathways and impacts, and to inform on costeffectiveness of measures and monitoring (JHI,SAC,SEPA)
10 River South Esk Catchment walks 400 km walked 504 non compliances identified with GBR 19 accounting for 50% and GBR 20 accounting for 46 % of the non compliances identified 1 to 1 inspections 170 farms visited between Oct 2011 and Mar 2012 Revisits Just over 70 completed another 30 remaining. Approximately 50% reduction in GBR breaches observed at time of revisit. GBR 20 still main issue in catchment. Main Issues Awareness raising events The greatest pressure within the catchment is resulting from cultivation activities (GBR 20). GBR19 (keeping of livestock) is also a major issue in the catchment. Engagement within the catchment started at a very low baseline, however the land managers have appreciated the DP approach with bridges being made and mended
11 Key research elements to develop catchment citizenship Understanding different perspectives Achieving shared values Mitigation of real issues Living with uncertainty
12 Emerging Contaminants an urban issue Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): Persist in the environment. Long-range transport. Bio-accumulate through the food web. Pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs): Substances may interfere with normal function of the endocrine (hormone) system of humans and animals.
13 Springtime at Benholm Mill Trichoptera (caddis) cases 1960 s post 1960 s And look what happened to me!
14
15 ViPER -an innovation platform to bridge science & decision-making in catchment microbial dynamics David Oliver, Phil Bartie, Louise Heathwaite, Larissa Pschetz, Richard Quilliam
16 Water Ecosystem Services A Global Perspective Part of International Hydrology Series Editors: Julia Martin-Ortega, Robert C. Ferrier, Iain J. Gordon (JHI), Shahbaz Khan UNESCO March 2015, ISBN:
17 Key research elements to develop catchment citizenship Understanding different perspectives Achieving shared values Mitigation of real issues Living with uncertainty
18 Fine sediment pollution
19 Foci for fine sediment mitigation research: impacts, characterisation, standards, mitigation Newcombe, C. P., and J. O. T. Jensen Channel suspended sediment and fisheries: a synthesis for quantitative assessment of risk and impact. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 16:
20 Focus for fine sediment mitigation research: Spatial analysis of costs, benefits and effectiveness of mitigation options eg lowest corners of high risk fields (Potato fields in Lunan catchment, 2009)
21 Rural SUDS options
22 Opportunities for catchment scale water governance to deal with real issues eg. Interviews with Lunan stakeholders: There was stakeholder interest in water regulatory groups to allow for lighter touch regulation multiple water abstractors join within one licence to internally manage abstraction Multiple parties interested in a dredging program to join within one licence to manage local dredging. These require organization by catchment farmers/other stakeholders to enter into new discourses with SEPA Potential for facilitating body such as the NFUS, SRUC, or Rivers Trusts to enable neutral, efficient facilitation. A catchment-wide approach should be developed/funded for water regulatory groups for eg: licence reform water storage retention measures dredging management sediment erosion control valuation of ecosystem services Lindsay Rear, 2014 Univ. Quebec intern
23 Water levels in Balgavies Extended range of control of levels Management of high and low flows Multi-stakeholder input into control Solar powered Remotely controlled Tilting weirs
24 Scoping the potential for improved water management on Lunan water through PES scheme Assume a mean marginal value of irrigation water of of 5.2/m 3 In 2013, the reduction in abstraction if restriction took place at 10% of Q 95 would have been 19,404m 3 ( 2 cm water in Balgavies/Rescobie wetlands) The marginal value of this water for irrigation is approx. 100,000 Lunan flow data suggest 3 years in 10 are as dry or drier than 2013 Annualised economic value for irrigation of a scheme to mitigate low flows is ca 30,000 (apart from other costs and benefits) Also benefit to low flows/ecology downstream which is at < GES
25 INTRINSIC - H2020 Water Innovation Proposal
26 Key research elements to develop catchment citizenship Understanding different perspectives Achieving shared values Mitigation of real issues Living with uncertainty
27 The Demon s Apprentice 1 Attribute Demon Apprentice Perfect knowledge of equations Perfect knowledge of parameters Perfect knowledge of initial conditions Infinite computing power X X X X 1 Frigg, R et al Laplace s Demon and the Adventures of His Apprentices. Philosophy of Science, 81(1), 31 59
28 Nitrate-N trends in Lunan/S.Esk sub-catchments
29 Trend analysis on loads and flow weighted concentrations Using Beale Ratio Estimator Baldardo Lemno Balgavies Burnside Newmills Note: no trends in N loads and only trends in P loads at outlet (concentrations show trend because of dry -> wet years) Better time series and BACI analysis methods needed and patience!
30 Duckett, D. (2010). Zoonosis and the Social Attribution of Risk Amplification. PhD Thesis, Lancaster University Management School. OTHER TECHNOLOGIES E E c1 E c2 E c3... E cn PORTRAYAL OF EVENT SIGNAL Impacts of uncertainty in real world RISK-RELATED BEHAVIOUR INDUSTRY COMPANY VICTIMS LOSS OF SALES REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS LITIGATION COMMUNITY OPPOSITION INVESTOR FLIGHT RISK EVENT INFORMATION INTERPRETATION SPREAD OF IMPACT TYPE OF IMPACT EVENT CHARACTERISTICS FLOW AND RESPONSE (COMPANY LEVEL)
31 Key research elements to develop catchment citizenship Understanding different perspectives Agent based approaches which recognise the problems of human nature Achieving shared values Innovative and balanced knowledge exchange with all citizens Mitigation of real issues Methods for getting real solutions into real catchments Living with uncertainty Engender trust by dealing with uncertainty honestly
32 hype-free approach to here and now wicked issues
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