Ik;kZoj.k fokku. Environmental Science 333 f'k{kd vafdr ewy;kadu i=k. Tutor Marked Assignment

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1 Ik;kZoj.k fokku Environmental Science 333 f'k{kd vafdr ewy;kadu i=k Tutor Marked Assignment fvii.kh% lhkh iz'uksa ds mùkj nsus vfuok;z gsaa izr;sd iz'u ds vad mlds lkeus fn, x, gsaa Note: (ii) dqy vad% 20 Max. Marks: 20 All questions are compulsory. The marks for each question are given at the same place. mùkj iqflrdk ds izfke i`"b ij Åij dh vksj viuk uke] vuqøekad] v/;;u dsunz dk uke] fo"k; vkfn Li"V 'kcnksa esa fyf[k,a Write your name, enrolment number, AI name and subject etc. on the top of the first page of the answer sheet. 1 fueufyf[kr esa ls fdlh,d iz'u dk mùkj yxhkx 40&60 'kcnksa esa nhft;s % 2 Answer any one of the following questions in about words : a) vhkh rd fo'okl fd;k tkrk gs fd i`foh gh,d,slk xzg gs tks thou cuk;s j[kus ds ;ksx; gsa i`foh ij thou lahko gs D;ksafd& Till now it is believed that earth is the only planet which sustains life. Life is possible on earth because : i`foh dh Hkwfe rfkk ty esa mnklhu flfkfr ¼pH-7½ cuk;s j[krh gsa of earth, maintain ph of soil and water at 7. (ii) i`foh ij vkwdlhtu dks ok;qeamy esa fueqzdr djrs gsa o lkfk gh lkfk ok;q eas ls dkczu MkbvkWDlkbM dks gvkrs gsaa Åij ds fjdr LFkkuksa dh iwfrz dhft,% ¼ikB&1 ns[ksa½ on earth release oxygen in the atmosphere and remove carbon dioxide from it at the same time. Fill in the blanks. (Ref. Lesson 1) b) f'kdkjh vksj laxzkgd ls] vkstkj cukus okys] fqj Ñ"kd vksj fqj [kfud! ;gh ekuo thou dh dgkuh gs] ijarq bl pj.k ls vkxs dgka igaqpsa vxys bl pj.k ds nqzr folrkj.k ds dkj.k i`foh ij nks izhkko ims+a bu izhkkoksa dks fyf[k,a ¼ikB&2 ns[ksa½ Hunters and gatherers to tool makers to agriculturists to miners. This is the story of humans many thousands of years ago. Where did the last step lead to? Rapid expansion of the next step has impacted the earth in two major ways. Record them. (Ref. Lesson 2) i;kzoj.k fokku (Environmental Science) 103

2 c) Åij fn;s x;s fp=k eas Ik;kZokl ds lajpukred?kvd fn[kk, x, gsaa fp=k esa fn;s x;s f=khkqt o js[kk [khapdj ty o [kk ds?kvdksa dks n'kkzb,a ¼ikB&4 ns[ksa½ This figure shows structural components of a habitat. Extend the figure by adding similar lines and triangles to show the components of water and food. (Ref. Lesson 4) d) Tokjun eq[k dks mpp mriknu'khy {ks=kksa dh lwph esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gsa ysfdu os ladvkiuu ikfjra=k gsa buds mriknu'khy gksus dk,d dkj.k vksj (ii) ladvkiuu gksus dk,d dkj.k crkb;sa ¼ikB&6 ns[ksa½ Estuaries are listed as highly productive but threatened ecosystems. Enlist one reason for being productive) and one reason for being (ii) threatened. (Ref. Lesson 6) 2. fueufyf[kr esa ls fdlh,d iz'u dk mùkj yxhkx 40&60 'kcnksa esa nhft;s % 2 Answer any one of the following questions in about words: a) fdlh {ks=k fo'ks"k dk dkqh rhoz xfr ls 'kgjhdj.k gks x;k gsa blds dkj.k d`f"k ;ksx; Hkwfe de gks x;h gs vksj ou {ks=k es Hkh deh vk;h gsa,slk D;ksa?kfVr gqvk\ dksbz pkj dkj.k nhft;sa ¼ikB&8 ns[ksa½ There has been rapid urbanisation in a particular area. Because of this, the agricultural land has been reduced and also the forest area is depleted. Why this has happened? Give any four causes. (Ref. Lesson 8) b) bu fnuksa xksjs;k ¼?kjsyw fpfm+;k½],d NksVh lh lqunj fpfm+;k ftls islj MkSesfLVdl (Passer domesticus) ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gsa u dsoy ;g cfyd vu; i{kh Hkh gekjs 'kgjksa ls rsth ls lekirk gksrs tk jgs gsaa bl?kvuk dk uke crkb;sa Ik;kZoj.k fokku ds f'k{kkfkhz gksus ds dkj.k bldh O;k[;k dhft;sa ¼ikB&9 ns[ksa½ These days, we do not see Gauraiya (House sparrow), the small beautiful bird also called Passer domesticus in our houses. Not only this, but also many other birds are fast vanishing from our cities. Name this phenomenon. As a learner of Environmental Science can you explain this?(ref. Lesson 9) c) vkius lekpkj i=kksa es mrrjk[kam esa ckny QVus ds lkfk&lkfk vk;h Hk;kud ck<+ ds ckjs esa vo'; i<+k gksxka ftlds dkj.k cgqr lkjh leikfr vksj thou dh {kfr gq;h gsa vkids fopkj ls Hkfo"; esa bl izdkj dh?kvukvksa dks de djus ds fy, dksu ls iwokzik;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gsa ¼fdUgha pkj dks fyf[k;s½ ¼ikB&12 ns[ksa½ You must have read in the newspapers about the vast devastation in Uttarakhand by cloud burst followed by flash flood. There was a lot of damage to property and lives. In your opinion what precautionary measures could be taken to reduce such happening in future? (Any four) (Ref. Lesson 12) 104 i;kzoj.k fokku (Environmental Science)

3 d) ;g lr; gs fd tula[;k ds v/;;u ls iz'kklu dks ykhk gs] ijarq v/;;u ds le; tula[;k dh dksu lh fof'k"vrkvksa dk v/;;u djuk pkfg,a ¼dksbZ Hkh pkj½ ¼ikB&13 ns[ksa½ It is true that study of population is useful for administration but which features of the population should be studied? (List four) (Ref. Lesson 13) 3. fueufyf[kr esa ls fdlh,d iz'u dk mùkj yxhkx 40&60 'kcnksa esa nhft;s % 2 Answer any one of the following question in about word each : a) gj lqcg tc lw;z dh fdj.ksa i`foh ij im+rh gsa] rc muesa ls dqn fdj.ksa ijkofrzr gks tkrh gsaa ijarq vc fdlh fof'k"v xsl dh ijr mu fdj.kksa dks vrafj{k okil tkus ls jksdrh gs vksj blds dkj.k,d?kvuk dk mn~hko gqvk ftlds dkj.k tyok;q es ifjorzu gks x;ka dksu lh xsl dh ijr cu x;h gsa (ii) bl?kvuk dk uke D;k gs\ ¼ikB&14 ns[ksa½½ Every morning when sunrays strike the earth, some of them are reflected back, but now a layer of a certain gas prevents them from going back into the space and this has resulted in a phenomenon which has caused climate change. Which is this accumulated gas? (ii) What is the name of resulting phenomenon? (Ref. Lesson 14) b) thoksa dks thfor j[kus ds fy, vko';d ÅtkZ dk ewyhkwr L=kksr lw;z gh gs bl dfku dh rdzlaxr iqf"v dhft,a lksj ÅtkZ dks uohdj.kh; lalk/ku D;ksa dgk tkrk gsa ¼ikB&18 ns[ksa½½ Justify the statement the ultimate source of energy that keeps alive all organisms is the sun. Why is solar energy termed as renewable resource? (Ref. Lesson 18) c),d v/;kid@v/;kfidk tula[;k ds,d xzkqh; fp=k.k dks le>k jgh FkhA mugksusa dgk fd tula[;k ds dkj.k ogu {kerk vfufnz"v :Ik ls c<+ ugh ikrha xzkq cukdj rfkk,d mnkgj.k }kjk ogu {kerk dh ikfjflfkfrdh; ladyiuk dks le>kb;sa ¼ikB&19 ns[ksa½½ A teacher was explaining the graphical representation of a population and said that the population stops growing limitlessly because of carrying capacity. With the help of a graph and an example explain the ecological concept of carrying capacity. (Ref. Lesson 19) d. ns[kus es vk;k gs fd ty rkfydk ¼Lrj½ rsth ls uhps tk jgk gsa o"kkz ds ty ds iz;ksx ls fdl izdkj ty ds Lrj dks Åapk djuk lhhko gs\ dksbz nks rjhds crkb,a ¼ikB&28 ns[ksa½½ It is observed that the water table is fast receding downwards. How can rainwater be used in two ways to elevate the water (Ref. Lesson 27) 4. fueufyf[kr esa ls fdlh,d dk mùkj yxhkx 'kcnksa esa nhft,a 4 Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words a),d jksxh fnu izfrfnu yxkrkj vkus okys Toj ls ijs'kku gs vksj lqcg dh rqyuk esa 'kke dks rst Toj vkrk gsa mls yxkrkj fljnnz vksj dct Hkh gsa og fdl tytu; jksx ls ihfm+r gs\ (ii) jksx ls cpko ds fy, vki dksu lh lko/kkfu;ka cjrsaxs\ ¼ikB&11 ns[ksa½ i;kzoj.k fokku (Environmental Science) 105

4 A patient complains of continuous fever which is increasing day by day and the temperature is higher in the evening than morning. He also complains of headache and constipation. Which water borne disease he is suffering from? (ii) Which precautions would you suggest to avoid the infection? (Ref. Lesson 11) b),d Nk=k us tso fofo/krk laj{k.k ds fofhkuu rjhdksa dks fcuk mueas varj tkus dablfk dj fy;ka ml Nk=k dks fueufyf[kr esa varj tkuus esa lgk;rk dhft,& jk"vªh; m ku vksj tso eamy vkjf{kr {ks=k (ii) izkstsdv Vkbxj o izkstsdv exjepn iztuu izca/ku ¼ikB&15 ns[ksa½½ A student learnt the various methods of biodiversity conservation without understanding the differences. Help the student to recall the difference between: National Park and Biosphere reserve zone (ii) Project Tiger and Project Crocodile breeding (Ref. Lesson 15) c),d lsfeukj es e`nk vijnu ds dkj.k o ifj.kke ij ckrphr py jgh FkhA lhkk ds var esa e`nk vijnu dh jksdfkke ds mik; lq>kus ds fy, dgk x;ka pkj funkfud mik;ksa dks lq>kb,a ¼ikB&17 ns[ksa½ In a seminar, the causes and consequences of soil erosion, were discussed. At the summing up session, thoughts on remedial strategies for prevention of soil erosion were invited. Suggest four remedial strategies for soil erosion. (Ref. Lesson 17) d) ck;ksxsl iw.kz :Ik ls gfjr b±/ku gs tks fd Bksl ck;ksekl vfkok tsfod vif'k"v ls csdvhfj;k }kjk fdf.or gksdj curh gsa ;fn dksbz ;g fo'okl u djs rks mls vki pkj pj.kksa es ck;ksxsl ds mriknu dks le>kdj mudk lansg nwj dhft,a ¼ikB&18 ns[ksa½½ Biogas is totally a green fuel. It is made from solid biomass or organic waste and is fermented by bacteria. How will you convince someone who thinks otherwise by explaining biogas generation in four steps? (Ref. Lesson 18) 5. fueufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fdugha nks dk mùkj yxhkx 100&150 'kcnksa esa nhft,a 4 Answer any two of the following questions in about words. a) vif'k"vksa ds izca/ku gsrq rhu vkj ¼3 Rs½ dk lq>ko uxjikfydk us vkoklh; dy;k.k la?k ¼RWA½ dks fn;k FkkA ijarq os 3 R ds fo"k; eas voxr u FksA vif'k"v dkxt o vif'k"v dim+ksa ds mnkgj.k }kjk 3 R le>kb,a ¼ikB&22 ns[ksa½½ 3Rs strategy for waste management was recommended by the municipality but Residence Welfare Associations did not know what the 3R strategy was. Explain to them by citing examples of waste paper and waste cloth. (Ref. Lesson 22) b) uhps Ik;kZoj.k leca/kh dkuwuksa dh,d lwph cuk;h x;h gsa buesa ls mu dkuwuksa dks igpkfu, tks thoksa ds laj{k.k lfgr ijks{k :Ik ls tqms+ gsaa fdlh,d,sls dkuwu dk folrkj dhft,%& Ik;kZoj.k laca/kh,dv ¼dkuwu½] iznw"k.k ls cpko o fu;a=k.k laca/kh,dv] Ik;kZoj.k laj{k.k,dv] jk"vªh; tso fofo/krk vf/kdkj cksmz] vknzz Hkwfe le>ksrk ¼jkelj½] ekafvª;y izksvksdksy] ou laj{k.k,dv] tyok;q vf/kos'ku] tso fofo/krk vf/kos'kua ¼ikB&23 ns[ksa½ 106 i;kzoj.k fokku (Environmental Science)

5 Here is a list of items of environmental legislation. Cull out (identify) those which pertain directly to conservation of organisms and write in details about one of them: Pollution related Acts, Prevention and Control of Pollution Act, Environment Protection Act, National Biodiversity Authority, Wetland Conservation Ramsar convention, Montreal Protocol, Forest Conservation Act, Climate Convention, Biodiversity Conservation. (Ref. Lesson 23) c) gekjs jk"vªfirk xka/khth dk dguk Fkk fd izñfr eka gekjh Ik;kZIr t:jrksa dks iwjk dj ldrh gs ijarq gekjs ykyp dks iwjk ugha dj ldrh gsaa ¼ikB&26 ns[ksa½ (ii) muds bl dfku ls D;k rkri;z gs\,slh rhu ekuoh; fø;kdykiksa ds fo"k; esa crkb, ftuds }kjk xka/kh th ds dfku dh iqf"v lehko gsa Gandhiji, the father of our nation said, Mother Nature has enough for our needs but not enough for our greed: i. What did this saying mean? ii. Cite three consequences of human activities which corroborate Gandhiji s saying. d) CFL, LPG o CNG dh vkt?kj&?kj esa ppkz D;ksa gs\ (ii) (iii) ÅtkZ cpkus esa muds egro dks n'kkzrs gq,,d ukjk cukb,a ÅtkZ laj{k.k ds lanhkz esa mudh mi;ksfxrk crkb,a budk mi;ksx dgka gksrk gas\ (Ref. Lesson 26) (iv) CFL, LPG o CNG dk folrkfjr :Ik fyf[k,a ¼ikB&31 ns[ksa½ Why have CFL, LPG and CNG become household words today? i. Prepare a slogan highlighting their importance in saving energy. ii. Highlight their usefulness with regard to energy conservation. iii. Where are these used? iv. Expand the abbreviated terms CFL, LPG and CNG also. (Ref. Lesson 31) Or/vFkok i;kzoj.k fokku (Environmental Science) 107

6 fn;s x;s fp=k dks /;ku ls nsf[k;s vksj fp=k esa n'kkz;s x;s gj?kvukøe dk C;kSjk nhft;sa Observe the picture carefully and Give an account of events of water cycle pictorial here ¼ikBµ27 ns[ksa½ (Ref. Lesson 27) 6. uhps nh xbz pkj ifj;kstukvksa dh lwph esa ls dksbz,d ifj;kstuk rs;kj dhft, 6 Make any one project out of the four given below. a) y{;% 'kgjh Lye >qxxh >ksim+h dk & tks fd ekuo fufezr :ikarfjr ikfjraa=k gs & mldk losz{k.k djuk A vius nks fe=ksa ls ckr dhft;s vksj rhu dk,d lewg cukb;s A vius ifjos'k esa flfkr,d >qxxh >ksim+h Lye dh igpku dhft;s ;fn vki 'kgj esa jgrs gks ;k fqj vius xkao ls lvs gq, 'kgj ds Lye dk losz{k.k dfj;s] ;fn vki xzkeh.k ifjos'k ds gsaa Aim : Survey of an urban slum- a human modified ecosystem Find two friends and make a group of three. Identify a slum in your locality if you are a city dweller or visit a slum in a city close to your village if you are of rural background. vko';d lkexzh % isij vksj isu ] iz'ukoyh ftls vkids lewg us rs;kj fd;k gss ] dh QksVksdkWaih Material required: Paper and pens, photocopies of questionnaire prepared by your group. bl izkstsdv dks nks Hkkxksas esa fohkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gsaa The project may be divided into two parts Part:l izfke Hkkx& Collect the following information regarding the slum. You may even locate it on google earth on the internet and get a print out for your report. Also take a photograph of the slum by means of a camera or a mobile. Now find out Lye ¼>qXxh&>ksiM+h½ ds lecu/k esa fueufyf[kr tkudkjh,df=kr dhft;sa vki bl izdkj dh tkudkjh bavjusv ij xwxy vfkz dh lgk;rk ls izkir dj ldrs gs viuh fjiksvz ds fy, mldk fizavvkmv Hkh ys ldrs gsaa vki vius dsejk ;k fqj eksckby dh lgk;rk ls ml Lye dk fp=k Hkh ys ldrs gsaa vc fueu tkudkjh izkir dhft;s & 1. flfkfr@ irk Location / address 2. ;g dc cuh gs\ When established 3. tc ;g Lye cuh Fkh ] mlls igys ml txg ij D;k Fkk A bl Lye ds ckjs esa tkudkjh izkir djus ds fy, ogka ds lcls ofj"b ukxfjdksa ls ckr dj ldrs gks A What was it before slum began to form (you may identify the eldest senior citizens of the slum to get the information. 108 i;kzoj.k fokku (Environmental Science)

7 4. >ksim+h dksbjh dh la[;k Hut/jhuggi number of tenements & 5. {ks=k dk {ksfrt folrkj Area of horizontal expansion 6. lcls Åaph bekjr Highest storey 7. izr;sd dksbjh esa eaftyksa dh vkslr la[;ka Average number of floors in each tenement 8. fn;k x;k gfjr {ks=k] dksbz ¼ykWu] [ksy dk esnku] ckx ½ Green area if any (lawn, playing ground, garden) 9. miyc/k lqfo/kk,a ¼fctyh] ikuh] izkfkfed Ldwy] Dyhfud br;kfn½ & Facilities available (electricity, water, primary school, clinic etc.) 10. dksbfj;ksa dh dqy la[;k vksj tula[;k dk vkdkj A Total number of tenements and size of population. f}rh; Hkkx % Part: 2,d iz'ukoyh rs;kj dhft;s A dqn vkbve uhps fn;s x;s gsa] mugsa 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gs A vki viuh lqfo/kkuqlkj izk:ik esa ;k fqj iz'uksa ds dze esa cnyko dj ldrs gsa ;k fqj blesa vu; lwpuk,a Hkh tksm+ ldrs gsaa de ls de 10?kj pqu dj izr;sd?kj esa tkdj jgus okyksa dh izfrfdz;kvksa dks fjdkmz dhft;s A bl dke dks nkss&rhu lkfkh vkil esa ckav yhft;s A iz'ukoyh esa fueu rf; 'kkfey gks ldrs gsa &% Prepare a questionnaire. Some items that can be included are given here. You may modify by changing format or sequence of questions or add more queries. You need to visit at least 10 homes and record the responses of the inmates. Divide this work between yourselves and 2-3 friend. Items on the questionnaire may be: 1. ifjokj esa lnl;ksa dh la[;k vksj mudk ikjlifjd lecu/k Number of members of the family and their relationship. 2. izr;sd lnl; dk O;olk; Occupation of each member 3. >qxxh esa jgus ds ldkjkred igyw Positive aspects of residing in a slum 4. thou 'ksyh esa lq/kkj lecu/kh lq>ko Recommendation for improving quality of life. vkidk lewg de ls de 10 ifjokjksa ds lkfk ckrphr djds rf;ijd vkadm+ss,d=k dj ldrk gs A i;kzoj.k fokku (Environmental Science) 109

8 varr% vki vius izs{k.kksa dsk laf{kir :Ik esa fjiksvz ;k fqj ikoj IokbaV izlrqrhdj.k ;k fqj fdlh Hkh vu; :Ik esa izlrqr dj ldrs gsa A Your group may communicate with at least 20 families to make it statistically relevant.ultimately summarise your observations in the form of a report or power point presentation or in any other way. ifj;kstuk dk;z % 2 y{; % fdlh,d unh o mlds fdukjs ds losz{k.k ds mijkar mldh volfkk dk ewy;kadu dj lq/kkj ds fy, vko';d lq>ko iznku djuk A AIM : Visit to a river bank and its surroundings to access its present condition and suggest ways of improvement if required improvement. vko';d lkexzh % dkxt ] isu ] nwjohu ¼,sfPNd fodyi½ ] dsejk@eksckby ¼rLohj [kahapus ds fy,½ vki isafly br;kfn }kjk rlohj Hkh cuk ldrs gsaa Material required: Paper, pen, a pair of binocular (optional), camera/cell phone for taking pictures. (You can also use your own drawing skills instead if you are a good artist). unh rd tkus ds fy, o mlds losz{k.k gsrq vkidks 'kk;n ^vk/kkj dkmz@;k igpku i=k dh vko';drk ims+ A igpku i=k ikl j[ksaa You may need a copy of your adhar card/ any other identity card for accessing the river area so carry it with you. vko';d iwozkku & Hkkjr o"kz rfkk fdlh vu; fodflr ns'k dh ufn;ksa ds fo"k; esa tkudkjh A tkudkjh ds fy, vki bavjusv rfkk Hkwxksy vfkok Ik;kZoj.k lecu/kh iqlrdksa dh enn ys ldrs gsa A gekjs ns'k o fdlh fodflr ns'k dh ufn;ksa dh orzeku volfkk esa varj fyf[k,a buds lehko dkj.k Hkh lkspdj fyf[k, A Previous knowledge required: Conditions of the rivers in India and in other countries specially on anyone developed country. Use internet or books on geography/environment for the necessary information. Record the difference between the river conditions in India and the developed countries and possible causes/reasons thereof. {ks=k & dk;z Field work 1.,d rkykc@>hy nks nkslrksa ds lkfk vfkok fdlh o;ld O;fDr ftugsa unh dh tkudkjh gks muds lkfk unh ds fdukjs tkus dk dk;zdze cukb;s A Plan to visit to a nearby river/pond/lake alongwith a friend or two elderly persons who has some knowledge about the river. 2. unh ds lecu/k esa fueufyf[kr tkudkjh izkir dhft,a tsls %& Collect the information regarding its i. unh ds ty dk mi;ksx djus okys dksu gsa\ ii. Different stakeholders of the river water unh dh orzeku n'kk lcwr ds rksj ij vius dsejs o eksckby }kjk fp=k ysa A Present condition (elaborate with photographs taken on your mobile) 110 i;kzoj.k fokku (Environmental Science)

9 iii. unh ds pkjks vksj gksus okys dk;zdyki A Activities around the river. 3. cm+s&cw<+ksa ls iwndj ;k fqj LFkkuh; yksxksa ls iwndj unh ds laj{k.k ds ckjs esa tkudkjh izkir dhft,a Taking the help of the elders/local people who have knowledge about the river conservation find out (ii) 20&30 lky iwoz] unh dh n'kk dh tkudkjh izkir dhft, A Condition of the river about years ago. unh o mlds fdukjs ij vk, gq, ifjorzuksa dh lwph cukb, o ifjorzu ds lehkkfor dkj.kkas dk myys[k dhft,a List types of changes the river has undergone and possible reasons for the changes. 4. vius }kjk fd, gq, losz{k.k ds vuqlkj irk yxkb, fd From your own survey find out bl unh iznw"k.k ds fy, mùkjnk;h L=kksr@laLFkk,aA ¼fdUgha rhu dk myys[k dhft,½ Sources/agencies contributing to pollution of the river (any three)-substantiate with the help of pictures. mu lalfkkuksa dks <wa<+ dj mudk uke fyf[k, tks bl unh ds j[kj[kko o ns[khkky ds fy, fteesnkj gsaa mudk nkf;ro D;k gs \ mugksaus dksu ls rjhds viuk, gsa] fdruk islk unh ds j[kj[kko ij [kpz gqvk ] br;kfn rfkk finys nks o"kks± esa mugksaus unh ds lunhkz esa fdruh lqyrk izkir dh A vkidks 'kk;n vqljkas rfkk vu;ku; O;fDr;ksa ls feyus ds fy, vk/kkj dkmz ;k fqj igpku i=k dh vko';drk gks ldrh gs A Name the agencies that are dedicated/entrusted with the upkeep of the river, its bank, their area of responsibilities, approach/methodology applied. Operational cost and other relevant details, their achievement in last two years (approximately) (you may require your identity card to visit such authorities and to find the required details). unh dk vkidk viuk ewy;kadu Your assessment of the river condition. rhu lq>ko Hkh nhft,a - Suggest remedial steps (any three) losz{k.kk/khu unh dks iznwf"kr djus okys de ls de rhu L=zkksrksa dh igpku dhft,a iznwf"kr unh dk fp=k yhft,a Contribution of local population in polluting the river. var esa [kksth gqbz tkudkjh dh,d fjiksvz 150 ls 200 'kcnksa esa fyf[k, vksj fp=k Hkh yxkb,a Report: Write your findings in about word along with pictures, drawings. i;kzoj.k fokku (Environmental Science) 111

10 ifj;kstuk dk;z &3 Project work 3 y{; & deikslv rfkk mozjdksa dh mi;ksfxrk dh rqyuk AIM : A comparison of the utility of compost and fertilizers vki mozjdksa ds iz;ksx ds dkj.k gksus okyh gkfu;ksa ds ckjs esa tkurs gsaa bl ifj;kstuk dks djus ds fy, vki ls vk'kk djrs gsa fd vki& You have been learning about the disadvantages of the uses of fertilisers. For this project you are expected to 1. iqlrdsa i<+dj] bavjusv ns[kdj o bl {ks=k ds Kkuh,oa d'f"kfonksa ls izklafxd tkudkjh izkir djsaxs vksj Use books, internets, consultations with agricultural experts or knowledgeable elders to find out about compost and fertilisers and 2. vki,d isdsv deikslv [kkn o mrus gh cm+s isdsv esa,uihds mozjd [kjhnsa vksj fqj,d gh izdkj ds iks/ks dks leku le; rd mxkdj nksuksa dk rqyukred izhkko Kkr dj ldsaa vki vius vki vdsys ;k fqj fe=kksa ds lkfk ;g ifj;kstuk dj ldrs gs A Buy a packet of compost and an equal weight of NPK and try out their effects on plant of the same kind, grown for the same period and make a comparison. You may carry out this project individually or with the help of your friends. 1. fueufyf[kr ij tkudkjh izkir dhft, % Collect information on the following heads: deikslv D;k gs o mozjd D;k gs \ What is compost and what are fertilisers? buds fcdzh ds uke D;k gsa \ ¼;fn pkgsa rks tku ysa vfkok ugha½ Common brand names of the same (optional) dgka miyc/k gsa\ Where available buds iz;ksx ls ykhk Advantages. buds iz;ksx ls gkfu Disadvantages vkslr ewy; Average price 'ksyq ykbq Shelf life deikslv o mozjd ds HkaMkj.k ds fy, lko/kkfu;ka ¼;fn dksbz gks½ Precautions for storage (if any) buds iz;ksx ls vius cpko esa cjrus okyh lko/kkfu;ka ¼;fn dksbz gks½ Precautions for safety (if any) 112 i;kzoj.k fokku (Environmental Science)

11 2. ckx vfkok [ksr esa ls fev~vh Hkjdj,d tsls nks xeys rs;kj dhft, A mueas tyn c<+us okyk lhrkqy br;kfn tslk dksbz iks/kk yxkb, vfkok cht cksb, A,d xeys esa deikslv vksj nwljs esa mruh gh mozjd Mkfy, A iks/ks dks izfrfnu ikuh nhft;s vksj baphvsi ds iz;ksx ls ukfi, fd iks/ks fdrus yacs gq, gsaa ubz ifrr;k fudyus esas fdrus le; yxk bldk /;ku jf[k, vksj fyf[k, A,d&,d lirkg ckn ifrr;ksa dh la[;k dh x.kuk dhft, A Qwy vksj Qy cudj ifjido gksus dh vof/k dks fy[k jf[k, A Qy [kksydj chtks dks fxfu, A Prepare two pots of equal volume by filling oil from a garden or field and sow seeds/saplings of same age of a fast growing plant like gourd or any other. Add compost in one and an equal amount of fertiliser in the other. Water the plants every day and measure the length of the growing plants with an inch type. Record the number of days taken for leaves to appear. Count number of leaves after every week. Observe and record time taken for flower/fruit to appear and grow to maturity. Open fruits to count number of seeds in the fruits. 3. var esa,d fjiksvz rs;kj dhft, ftldk 'kh"kzd gks ^deikslv o mozjd dk ¼ikS/ks dk uke½ ij izhkko dk rqyukred v/;;u^ In the end submit a report on comparative study of effect of compost and fertiliser on the plant named vius v/;;u ls izkir rf;ksa dh,d rkfydk cukb, ftlesa fueufyf[kr 'kkfey gksa & Record your observations by making a table with heads like: iks/ks dk uke - Name of plant xeyksa dk ifjek.k - Quantity of soil Mkys x;s deikslv@mozjd ds y{k.k@xq.k - Quality of compost/fertiliser added izfke ifrr;kwa fudyus rd dh vof/k - Number of days taken for appearance of first leaves iks/kks dh o`f) dk izfr:i - Growth pattern iks/ks dh o`f) nj - Rate of growth vkidh fjiksvz v/kwjh jg tk,xh ;fn vki xwxy vfkok iqlrdksa ls laxzfgr rf; ¼vFkkZr Hkkx&1 ds fy, fd;s x;s iz;kl½ dks fjiksvz esa u tksam-s A Your report would be incomplete without r.ecording the material collected or searched (i.e. work of part 1). Draw conclusions. vius izs{k.k ds ifj.kke o fu"d"kz Hkh fyf[k,a fjiksvz ikoj IokbaV vfkok LdzSi cqd vfkok,yce] vfkok ikslvj vfkok fdlh vu; :Ik esa izlrqr dj ldrs gsa A i;kzoj.k fokku (Environmental Science) 113

12 The report may be in the form of power point presentation, a scrap book, an album, a poster/chart or any way your deem fit to present your project work. ifj;kstuk&4 y{; % Ik;kZoj.k dks lkq lqfkjk j[kus esa jsx fidj] ¼QVs fpfkms+] dkxt vkfn mbkus okys½ rfkk dckfm+;ksa dh Hkwfedk tkuuka Project Work : 4 Aim : Role of rag pickers/kabariwalas in keeping the environment clean. bl ifj;kstuk dks djus ls vki gekjs vif'k"v mriknu o muds fuivku ds fo"k; esa dbz folrkfjr rf; tku ik;saxsa This project would help you to learn some factual details about wastes generated by us and their disposal. vkidks D;k djuk gs & What you have to do? 1. ekuo mrikfnr fofhkuu izdkj ds vif'k"vksa dh rkfydk] cukb,& Tabulate the details about the different types of waste generated by us. vif'k"v dk izdkj Name / type of waste generated L=kksr@vif'k"V mriknd fø;k,a Source / activity that produces the waste a. a. b. b. c. c. d. d. e. e. 2. mifjfyf[kr vif'k"vksa dk fuivku fdl izdkj fd;k tkrk gs \ How are these wastes / items disposed off? 3. de ls de rhu jsx&fidj vfkok dckfm+;ksa ls ckrphr dhft, A ckrphr ds fy,,d iz'urkfydk rs;kj dhft,a mnkgj.klo:ik,d iz'urkfydk uhps nh tk jgh gsa vki bl rkfydk esa mfpr o vko';d ifjorzu djds bldk iz;ksx dj ldrs gsaa rhu dckfm+;ksa ds fy, fhkuu iz'urkfydk cuk,aa Interact with atleast 3 rag pickers/kabariwalas. A sample questionnaire is provided below. You may make suitable / required changes in it and use. Use three different forms for 3 different persons you interact with. iz'ukoyh Questionnaire a) O;fDrxr fooj.k A Personal details uke Name 114 i;kzoj.k fokku (Environmental Science)

13 vk;q Age 'ksf{kd ;ksx;rk Educational qualificatoin?kj dk irk Address ifjokj ds lnl;ksa dh x.kuk Number of family members fdrus?kavs bl O;fDr dks dk;zjr jguk im+rk gs A - Number of hours the person works for b) nl izdkj dh dckm+h olrq,a ftugsa ;g O;fDr mbkrk gks & (ii) (iii) List of 10 items they collects: ;fn dksbz O;fDr fdlh [kkl olrq dks mbkuk pkgs vksj mu olrqvksa dks mbkuk ilan djus dk dkj.k Any preference of materials collected by the person and reason for it. Items ilan djus dk dkj.k@reason a. 1. b. 2. c. dckm- fuivku ds LFkku] lwphc) dhft,& Where do these people finally dispose off these items. List a. i;kzoj.k fokku (Environmental Science) 115

14 (iv) b. c. dckm+h olrq,a cspdj izfrfnu dh vk;a How much is the earning per day? (v) dckm- esa ls dksu lh olrq,a vkids?kj ls Qsadh tkrh gsa \ (vi) How many of these wastes are generated in your own house? bl O;olk; ds LokLF; ij izhkko Health hazards of their occupation i. fdl izdkj dk izhkko fdlh O;fDr dh lsgr ij im+rk gsa ii. iii. What type of health hazards the person is exposed to... ckrphr djus okyk dksbz dckm+h ;fn vlolf; gs ;k fdlh chekjh ls xzlr gks] rks ml chekjh dk uke ¼vki vius Kku vksj vuqhko dk iz;ksx Hkh mlds LokLF; ds laca/k es dj ldrs gsaa½ Any health problem the person suffers from... (you may also use your own knowledge and experience to access the health status) ;fn LokLF; dk psd&vi djk;k gks vfkok LokLF; dsunz esa gky gh esa x;s gks A Any health check up / visit to health centre they have made recently fjiksvz fy[kuk Report writing yxhkx 150 'kcnksa dh fjiksvz fyf[k, ftlesa dckfm;ksa o fjx fidj dh Ik;kZoj.k dks lkq & lqfkjk@lopn j[kus esa Hkwfedk dks Li"V dhft, A budk thou ;kiu vkids thou ;kiu ls fdu ckrksa esa fhkuu gs \ mldk myys[k djrs gq, ;g Hkh crkb, fd vkidks bls vius O;olkf;d thou ls ckrphr djds D;k dksbz f'k{kk feyh \ Present the findings and write a paragraph of about 150 words about this significant role these people play in keeping the environment clean. Try to include a few lines about the quality of life of these people and how does it compare with your own. Conclude your report by mentioning any lesson/lessons that you learnt from this exercise. 116 i;kzoj.k fokku (Environmental Science)