Water Supply The Role of Government

Transcription

1 Water Supply The Role of Government Chennai RWH a Case study Santha Sheela Nair IAS (R) Vice Chairman (Planning Commission), Govt. of Tamil Nadu

2 Water Supply Both Government and Civic body concerned play a role in water supply. 2

3 Role of State Government & Civic Body Role of State Government Provide Policy Enable Legislations Financial Resources Role of Local Government / Civic Body Implementation Supply of services Raising Resources Mobilization of Human / Financial 3

4 Chennai History Local Body Seven Wells Redhills-1872 Poondi % usage started from local Ground water sources by local body 1867 To 1966 (100 yrs) Strategies got shifted to use Surface water from distant sources Surface water not sufficient and again chose augment supply by the use of ground water 1988 to Till date Due to large demands and dwindling Ground water, again had to depend more on surface water which changed the mix. 90% Surface water + 5% Ground water & 15% Desalinated water 4

5 Chennai History 1987 State Govt., CHENNAI METROPOLITAN AREA GROUNDWATER (REGULATION) ACT 27 OF 1987 Amended during Oct 2002 Regulation on sinking of new wells Registration of existing wells Issue of licenses to extract water for non domestic use Issue of licenses for transportation through goods vehicle Scheduled Area: Chennai city & Adjacent 243 Revenue villages in Tiruvallur & Kancheepuram Districts. As per Amendment 59 additional villages added totaling to 302 villages Competent Authority : Chennai City - Metro water Scheduled Villages - Respective District Revenue Officials After 1997 no licenses were issued Ground water Regulations Act implemented by Civic Body (Metro water) 5

6 DEPTH IN 'METRES Chennai History 1988 Local Body IMPLEMENTATION - IMPACT OF GROUNDWATER (REGULATION) ACT SOUTH OF CHENNAI SOUTHERN COASTAL AQUIFER YEARWISE MINIMUM & MAXIMUM WATER LEVEL FROM Drought 1987 Drought 1994 Drought Water level improvement after the implementation of Act Water level in m Challenge Depleting Ground water level in well fields Solution - Ground water (Regulation) Act Result - Rise of water level from 8.00 m to 2.10 m - Stabilization of ground water level - Only Law in India, implemented in Chennai by Civic Body (Metro Water) 6

7 TO CHENNAI BAY OF BENGAL E.C. VALUE IN MICRO MOHS / CM Chennai History 1990 Local Body SEA WATER INTRUSION STUDIES LEGEND SEA WATER INTERFACE LINETO PONNERI PULICAT NORTH SPECIFIC CONDUCTIVITY AT DEEPER AQUIFER IN OBSERVATION WELLS (AROUND 30 M) BURRIED CHANNEL ZONE OF FRESH WATER INJECTION LOCATION OF INJECTION SALT PAN KATTUR LAKSHMIPURAM ANICUT VAYALUR MINJUR WELL FIELD VALLUR ANICUT MINJUR NANDIAMBAKKAM ATTIPATTU 0 1A 4A 5A 6A 10A 11A 12A 14A 15A OBSERVATION WELL NUMBER PRIOR TO INJECTION OF RAIN WATER AFTER INJECTION OF RAIN WATER 7

8 Phase-I - THE CHALLENGE OF RECURRING DROUGHTS DROUGHT 1993 Local Body Macro level initiatives of Rain water Harvesting Construction of Check dams Introduction of Rain water Harvesting as mandatory requirement in Multi-storied buildings 8

9 Chennai History Local Body Construction of Check Dams 1. MELSEMBEDU 2. VELLIYUR 3 JAGANATHAPURAM PANJETTY WELL FIELD KANNIGAIPER WELL FIELD FLOOD PLAINS WELL FIELDS CHOLAVARAM TANK POONDI RESERVOIR MINJUR WELL FEILD TAMARAPAKKAM WELL FEILD REDHILLS RESERVOIR POONDI WELL FEILD CHEMBARAMBAKKAM TANK PORUR LAKE 9

10 DEPTH IN 'METRES' Impact on water level fluctuation due to construction of Check Dams YEARS Year of Construction of Checkdam Average water level in 'm' Melsembedu Average water level in 'm' Velliyur 10 Average water level in 'm' Jagannathapuram

11 Phase-II - THE CHALLENGE OF RECURRING DROUGHTS Chennai May 2002 State Govt., Call for Roof top Rain Water Harvesting Provision of RWH structures is mandatory for availing new Water/Sewer Connections After this provision of RWH only 13% of the houses provided Rainwater Harvesting Amendments made in the Ground water Regulations Act / Building Rules for implementing rainwater harvesting 11

12 GOVERNMENT INITIATIVE 11 th Oct AMENDMENTS & IMPROVEMENTS IN TAMILNADU DISTRICT MUNICIPALITES BUILDING RULES Provision of Rainwater harvesting Structure in existing buildings (Tiled, Sloped, Ordinary buildings and multi storied buildings) one year from the 11 th Oct Separation of bath and wash basin water and reuse multi storied and public buildings

13 GOVERNMENT INITIATIVE 24 th Oct AMENDMENTS & IMPROVEMENTS IN GROUND WATER ACT OF 1987 Inclusion of additional villages to the list of scheduled villages in the Act. Revision of fine amount from Rs.1,000/- to Rs.5,000/- Mandatory requirement of Rainwater Harvesting in all buildings. No extraction of ground water for swimming pools, industrial uses and other non-potable purposes. Restrictions to the depth of bore wells. No water body, Public or Private, to be utilized for any other purpose, such as land fill, garbage dumps, building activities etc.,

14 Amendment to the Tamilnadu Panchayat Buildings Rules For effective conservation of rain water, no approval to the construction or reconstruction or addition or alteration to a building ( other than a hut) including houses constructed by Government for below poverty line families under the poverty alleviation programme or building constructed by any agency under the control of the Government, shall be given, if the applicant for construction, alteration or addition to such a building does not contain provision for water conservation and rain water harvesting

15 Phase-III - Chennai 19 th July State Govt., Ordinance issued by the Govt. of Tamil Nadu on making it mandatory for all buildings in the state to have Rain Water Harvesting structures by

16 INTENSIVE IEC CAMPAIGN ON RWH Local Body Dissemination of information on RWH Establishment of Rain Centre Organization of Seminars/ Workshop Massive rallies and Human Chains Advertisement through Papers / Dailies Booklets / Pamphlets Posters and Wall Paintings Door to Door campaign 16

17 INTENSIVE IEC CAMPAIGN ON RWH Local Body Creation of Rain Centre by CMWSS Board - Chennai Creation of Rain Centre by TWAD Board - Chennai Rain Centre created by Akash Ganga Trust an NGO Organization, Chennai 17

18 INTENSIVE IEC CAMPAIGN ON RWH Local Body Reaching out to the people Chief Minister s appeal letter to the elected representative Empanelment of Service Providers Involvement of SHG s, NGO s Technical guidance offered by TWAD and CMWSSB on the lithology and soil types in different areas and the types of RWH needed. Celebrity endorsement & Films on RWH Count down in dailies 18

19 19 INVOLVEMENT OF MEDIA Regular coverage in newspapers, articles, press releases. Appeals to the citizens for rain water harvesting. Print & Visual media as forum for regular interactions between government, civic body and citizens. Success stories and achievements of rain water harvesting.

20 Government Campaign Continues. Information on RWH on various Government agencies websites TWAD Board - Chennai Metrowater- Installation of RWH structures in the buildings constructed by: TNSCB, TNHB, TN Police Housing Corp, PWD etc. From Chennai to rest of the State District Collectors to implement Rainwater Harvesting All Municipalities & Town Panchayats to implement RWH 20

21 Implementation of Rain Water Harvesting Ordinance issued on making it mandatory for all buildings in the State to have Rain Water Harvesting structures by and 100% compliance with in two months Second phase of Rain Water Harvesting to capture run off water in open spaces First State in the country to have 100% coverage in Rain Water Harvesting. 21

22 Rain Water Harvesting - 1 Thatched Roofs 22

23 Rain Water Harvesting - 2 In Slums 23

24 Rain Water Harvesting

25 Rain Water Harvesting - 4 In school Buildings 25

26 Rain Water Harvesting 4A IN SCHOOL BUILDINGS 26

27 Rain Water Harvesting - 5 Roads Multi storied buildings 27

28 Rain Water Harvesting

29 Rain Water Harvesting - 7 Residence of Prime Importance The Governor s Residence 29

30 Rainwater Harvesting Methods 30

31 Developing Landscapes through roof top rain water harvesting - A Classic Example 31

32 PEOPLES PARTICIPATION NSS students of all college students Centre for science and Environment National Rainwater Harvesters Network Exnora International Resident s Welfare Associations Rotary International 32

33 RAINWATER HARVESTING HELPED IN CHENNAI FLOOD MITIGATION 33

34 ROAD SIDE RAINWATER COLLECTION THROUGH RECHARGE WELL 34

35 RAINWATER COLLECTION THROUGH STORM WATER DRAIN 35

36 Water levels in 'mts' New Washermanpet Tondiarpet Vallalar Nagar George Town Chinthadripet Chepauk Mylapore Besant Nagar Thiruvanmiyur Kolathur MKB Nagar Pulianthope Villivakkam Anna Nagar Purasaiwakkam Chetpet Nungambakkam Royapettah T.Nagar Virugambakkam K.K.Nagar Saidapet Guindy Taramani Velachery IMPACT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING WATER LEVEL Location of Observation wells Water level in 'mts' July '03 Water level in 'mts' Sep'12 36

37 New Washermanpet Tondiarpet Vallalar Nagar George Town Chinthadripet Chepauk Mylapore Besant Nagar Thiruvanmiyur Kolathur MKB Nagar Pulianthope Villivakkam Anna Nagar Purasaiwakkam Chetpet Nungambakkam Royapettah T.Nagar Virugambakkam K.K.Nagar Saidapet Guindy Taramani Velachery Total Dissolved Solids in 'ppm' IMPACT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING WATER QUALITY Total Dissolved Solids in 'ppm' (July '03) Total Dissolved Solids in 'ppm' (Sep '12) 37

38 Values in 'ppm' Quality changes Before and After implementation of Rainwater Harvesting Parameters Values in ppm during Total Solids Chlorides as 'Cl' Total Hardness Conductivity year Total Solids Chlorides as 'Cl' Total Hardness Conductivity 38

39 Form for Declaration of installation and maintenance of Rainwater Harvesting structures - CMWSSB 39

40 Way Forward Move from State civic body, private suppliers to neighborhoods, citizens, households as the base for securitizing drinking water availability. A movement towards involvement of Engineers, builders, architects, planners, environment activists, scientists, hydrogeologists & householders as Stakeholders in a Metropolitan city water supply system. Role of Government / Local / State in providing Legislative framework: Reward & punitive action, Dissemination of information, Promotion of State s intent in achieving sustainability both in monetary as well as environmental terms in the provision of drinking water. 40

41 Underneath the verandah in front of the room in which the Mahatma was born, in the space enclosed by the three wings of the house, is an underground reservoir, 20 feet long, 20 feet wide and 15 feet deep, with a capacity of 20 thousand gallons, for storing rainwater for domestic use. The well water in Porbandar, owing to its vicinity to the sea, is brackish, hard and unfit for cooking. Rainwater was, therefore, collected and stored in the underground reservoir for use the year round. The terrace on the top floor, carefully washed before the first monsoon showers, served as catchments for the water, running down a pipe straight into the tank. A heap of lime at the mouth of the pipe served to filter and purity the water. In this house five generations of Gandhis lived and prospered. - Mahatma Gandhi Vol 1(The Early Phase) by Shri Pyarelal 41

42 FROM SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS SCARCITY TO SECURITY WIN Drought Proofing WIN WIN Recharging of Aquifers Meeting the Gap & Demand WIN WIN Saving of Power DEMOCRATIZING AND DECENTRALISING CITY WATER MANAGEMENT FOR METROPOLITAN CITIES A WIN - WIN Increased Water availability WIN Improved Water Quality Roof Top Harvesting Sustainable supply - Household Decrease in Saline water ingression WIN 42

43 43