2011 AICP Review Course

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Barrie Booker
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1 2011 AICP Review Course FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF PRACTICE ENVIRONMENTAL April 2011 PRESENTER NAME Title Company

2 Functional Areas of Practice [25%] A. Natural resources and environmental quality B. Land use C. Infrastructure (e.g., water, sewer, power, telecommunications) D. Energy E. Public services (e.g., public safety, education, human services) F. Transportation G. Recreation H. Economic development and revitalization plans I. Historic preservation J. Urban design K. Housing L. Neighborhood issues M. Rural and small town planning N. Comprehensive planning O. Community Development

3 Agricultural Land In the United States, approx. 900 million acres are owned by farmers and ranchers Currently 240 million acres of prime ag. land, of which 25% is in metro areas 2.2 million acres of ag. land is lost to development each year It takes 25 acres of land per year to provide food for one person

4 Water Sources of water Rural : mostly groundwater sources Urban : mostly surface water sources Average water consumption in U.S. 50 gallons per person per day Includes showering, flushing toilets, food prep, washing clothes, etc. Non- point sources of water pollution are now the main threat to supplies 40% of U.S. waterways do not meet drinkable or swimmable standards

5 History U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), est First National Wildlife Refuge 1903, Pelican Island, Florida National Park Service, est Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, est Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933 Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 1933 Taylor Grazing Act, 1934 Natural Resources Planning Board, 1939

6 History Grand Coulee Dam, 1941 First Earth Day, April 22, 1970 Earth Resources Technology Satellite (LANDSAT), 1972

7 Important People George Perkins Marsh John Wesley Powell John Muir Theodore Roosevelt Gifford Pinchot William Whyte Rachel Carson

8 Federal Government Programs 1902, U.S. Reclamation Act (Newlands Act) 1905, U.S. Forest Service 1935, Soil Conservation Act 1964, Wilderness Act 1969, National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) 1970, Clean Air Act 1970, Est. of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1972, Coastal Zone Management Act 1972, Clean Water Act

9 Federal Government Programs 1972, National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) 1973, Endangered Species Act 1974, Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) 1975, Energy Policy Conservation Act 1976, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 1976, Toxic Substances Control Act 1980, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) aka Superfund Act

10 Federal Government Programs 1982, Coastal Barrier Resources Act 1986, Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) 1986, Community Right- to- Know Act 1990, Clean Air Act Amendments 1991, Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) 1996, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIRFA) 1996, Wetlands Reserve Program 2002, Bioterrorism Act

11 Clean Air Act Six key pollutants: Nitrogen Oxide Carbon Monoxide Lead Sulfur dioxide Ozone Particulates

12 Environmental Impact Analysis 1) study the environmental impacts of a proposed project in a specific location 2) consider alternatives to the project 3) analyze mitigation measure The environmental impact statements required by NEPA involve a form of EIA.

13 Environmental Impact Analysis The Ad Hoc Approach: This approach involves obtaining best estimates. The Checklist Approach: This approach involves using an appropriate checklist. The Matrix Approach: This approach uses a table, with competing alternatives forming the columns and impact classifications forming the rows. The Network Approach: This approach involves tracing an action through multiple iterations. It is good at identifying secondary impacts. The Cartographic Approach: This approach involves the use of several maps each containing relevant environmental information in an overlay fashion.

14 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Must be included by a federal agency in every recommendation or report on proposals for legislation or other major federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment Must adequately address the following 1. The environmental impact of the proposed action 2. Adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided if the proposal is carried out and possible actions to mitigate adverse environmental effects 3. The alternatives to the proposed action 4. The relationship between local short- term uses of man's environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long- term productivity 5. Any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources which would be involved in the proposed action if carried out.

15 Issues, Trends, Challenges Preservation vs. Conservation Polluter pays principle Environmental justice Endangered species Carrying capacity Fragmentation Biodiversity Energy consumption

16 Terms Best Management Practices (BMPs) Land Capability Analysis Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) Effluent Ambient conditions National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP)

17 Terms Hydric soil Tidal range PCB, Polychlorinated Biphenyl VOC, Volatile Organic Compound

The Tribal Era The Frontier Era ( ) Early Conservationists ( ) Current Era ( )

The Tribal Era The Frontier Era (1607 1890) Early Conservationists (1832 1870) Current Era (1870 2012) Native Americans Hunter Gatherers Agricultural Communities Frontier Environment World View Wildness