Current Review of DOE s Syngas Technology Development Jai-woh Kim, Dave Lyons and Regis Conrad United States Department of Energy, USA

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1 Current Review of DOE s Syngas Technology Development Jai-woh Kim, Dave Lyons and Regis Conrad United States Department of Energy, USA Dr. Jai-woh Kim Program Manager, Advanced Energy Systems Fossil Energy Program at US DOE October 18, 2017

2 Why the Interest in Syngas from Coal? Abundance of coal in U.S Recoverable Reserves at Active Mines ,669 Estimated Recoverable Reserves Demonstrated Reserve Base Identified Resources Total Resources 3,906 U.S. Coal Resources billion short tons A variety of products! Most of the world has no cheap natural gas 2

Gasification: More than just Electricity Gasification can be Used to make: hydrogen,

) and transportation fuels Lowest cost option to make power with almost total carbon

reuse/storage) GAS CLEANUP/ GAS SEPARATION POWER LIQUID FUELS FERTILIZER CHEMICALS Syngas

3 Gasification: More than just Electricity Gasification can be Used to make: hydrogen, fertilizer, chemicals (methanol, plastics, etc.) and transportation fuels Lowest cost option to make power with almost total carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture and storage WATER COAL/ PETCOKE OXYGEN BIOMASS HYDROGEN CO 2 (for reuse/storage) GAS CLEANUP/ GAS SEPARATION POWER LIQUID FUELS FERTILIZER CHEMICALS Syngas production through gasification, syngas cleanup, and syngas conversion technologies are the core of process systems for making value-added products 3

4 Varied Product Slate from Syngas Source: NETL 4

Technology Advancement Areas in Gasification, Supported by DOE

reduction 5% COE reduction Oxygen Raw Fuel Gas Clean Fuel Gas

6% pt efficiency increase 12% COE decrease Feedstock Water- Gas

8% pt efficiency increase (preliminary) H 2 -Rich Stream Coal

technology, quantified in terms of reductions of capital costs

Current and Future Power Generation Technologies: Pathways to

5 Technology Advancement Areas in Gasification, Supported by DOE Projects Hot Compressed Air Oxygen Membrane 7% capital cost reduction 5% COE reduction Oxygen Raw Fuel Gas Clean Fuel Gas Warm Gas Cleaning in combination with Advanced CO 2 Capture 2.6% pt efficiency increase 12% COE decrease Feedstock Water- Gas Shift up to 0.8% pt efficiency increase (preliminary) H 2 -Rich Stream Coal Feed Pump 1% COE reduction CO 2 Advances in gasification technology, quantified in terms of reductions of capital costs and COE, also reduce the cost of transportation fuel production Current and Future Power Generation Technologies: Pathways to Reducing the Cost of Carbon Capture for Coalfueled Power Plants 5

DOE Gasification Key Technology Areas Increasing efficiency and improving economics of syngas production and processing Feed Systems Efficient, lower-cost oxygen separation Expand fuel flexibility

6 DOE Gasification Key Technology Areas Increasing efficiency and improving economics of syngas production and processing Feed Systems Efficient, lower-cost oxygen separation Expand fuel flexibility (coal/biomass/msw) through highpressure solid feed technology advancements Gasifier Optimization and Plant Supporting Systems Improve reliability & availability of gasifiers Improve gasifiers for low-rank coals & opportunity feedstocks Improve materials, sensors & controls, fouling/slagging abatement Syngas Processing Systems Efficient control of multiple contaminants to extremely low levels to both regulatory demanded limits and removing potential contaminant effects of syngas-utilizing processes Hydrogen-rich syngas from raw syngas 6

Innovative Technology for Syngas Production: DOE Projects Syngas Production from Catalytic Coal Gasification Improving high hydrogen syngas production and limiting methane by-production at moderate

7 Innovative Technology for Syngas Production: DOE Projects Syngas Production from Catalytic Coal Gasification Improving high hydrogen syngas production and limiting methane by-production at moderate process conditions Catalytic PRB Coal-CO 2 Gasification for Fuels and Chemicals with Two Different Types of Syngas and Low CO 2 Emissions U of Wyoming Application of Chemical Looping with Spouting Fluidized Bed for Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production from Catalytic Coal Gasification - U of Kentucky Advancing Coal Catalytic Gasification to Promote Optimum Syngas Production V. Tech Source: U of Kentucky 7

Innovative Technology for Syngas Production: DOE Projects Chemical Looping Gasification CO 2 is intrinsically isolated from syngas facilitating high-hydrogen syngas production and carbon capture

8 Innovative Technology for Syngas Production: DOE Projects Chemical Looping Gasification CO 2 is intrinsically isolated from syngas facilitating high-hydrogen syngas production and carbon capture Alstom s Limestone Chemical Looping Gasification Process for High Hydrogen Syngas Generation - Alstom Pilot Scale Operation and Testing of Syngas Chemical Looping for Hydrogen Production - OSU Chemical Looping Coal Gasification Sub- Pilot Unit Demonstration and Economic Assessment for IGCC Applications - OSU 8

9 Coal and Coal-Biomass to Liquids: Connection to Syngas Cost-competitive U.S. production of ultraclean liquid transportation fuels (gasoline, diesel/jet fuel) underpinned by efficient syngas production At or below lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from conventional petroleum Opportunity to combine fossil technologies with renewable or other low carbon footprint technologies to reduce overall carbon emissions impact Novel hydrogen production technologies Source: NETL 9

C&CBTL: Key Technology Areas Coal-Biomass Feed and Gasification Handling and processing of coalbiomass Biomass ash catalytic properties in gasification for improved syngas production Advanced Fuels

10 C&CBTL: Key Technology Areas Coal-Biomass Feed and Gasification Handling and processing of coalbiomass Biomass ash catalytic properties in gasification for improved syngas production Advanced Fuels Synthesis Catalyst/reactor optimization for producing liquid hydrocarbon fuels and valuable by-products from coal/coalbiomass mixtures Improving fuel synthesis product distributions in Fischer-Tropsch conversion of syngas Feed Pump Coal Biomass Reactor Solids Syngas Cooler Particulate Removal Oxygen Gas Cleanup Compressed Air Air Separator Shift Reactor Syn Gas Conversion Hydrogen Separation Steam Hydrogen Key Technologies: Coal-Biomass Feed and Gasification Advanced Fuels Synthesis Transportation Fuels and Chemicals Carbon Dioxide Utilization & Storage 10

emissions than petroleum-based jet fuel production.

11 Syngas-Related Projects Managed by DOE, Funded by DOD Produce jet fuel from coal that is cost competitive and produces less greenhouse gas emissions than petroleum-based jet fuel production. Leverage DOE-FE CTL R&D while supporting the national defense mission Source: US Air Force 11

Breakthrough Hybrid CTL Process Integrating Advanced Technologies for Coal Gasification, NG Partial Oxidation, Warm Syngas Cleanup and Syngas-to-Jet Fuel RTI Technologies GTI AR compact gasification

12 Breakthrough Hybrid CTL Process Integrating Advanced Technologies for Coal Gasification, NG Partial Oxidation, Warm Syngas Cleanup and Syngas-to-Jet Fuel RTI Technologies GTI AR compact gasification system GTI partial oxidation unit RTI Warm Syngas Cleanup RTI Syngas-to-Liquid System Axens Hydroprocessing Technology Achievement The hybrid integrated process technology reduces capital costs by up to 34% Cost competitive with petroleum-based JP-8 production at oil prices above $70/bbl Source: GTI 12

Indirect Liquefaction of Coal-Biomass Mixture for Production of Jet Fuel with High Productivity and Selectivity Southern Research Institute Technologies TRIG gasifier (test at NCCC) Autothermal

13 Indirect Liquefaction of Coal-Biomass Mixture for Production of Jet Fuel with High Productivity and Selectivity Southern Research Institute Technologies TRIG gasifier (test at NCCC) Autothermal reforming (PCI) Chevron hybrid F-T catalyst Efficient Heat Removal Incorporated Fixed-Bed Reactor (IntraMicron) Achievement ATR catalyt testing at NCCC-demonstrated ability to adjust H2:CO ratio by H2O flow (WGS no needed) FT synthesis 75% selectivity to liquid HC, 86% jet fuel yield NCCC test site 13

Technology for GHG Emission Reduction and Cost Competitiveness of Mil-Spec Jet Fuel Production Using CTL Ceramatec Technology EERC - Transport Reactor (gasifier) IntraMicron - gas

14 Technology for GHG Emission Reduction and Cost Competitiveness of Mil-Spec Jet Fuel Production Using CTL Ceramatec Technology EERC - Transport Reactor (gasifier) IntraMicron - gas cleanup/desulfurization Ceramatec - multi-tube fixed bed F-T reactor Chevron FT catalyst Achievement Demonstrated > 30% reduction in GHG. Demonstrated 2BPD pilot Coal/biomass testing at EERC-UND: December 2017 Source: Ceramatec 14

15 DOE Seeks to: Coal Utilization Products Biomass and Other Carbon Materials Reduce Carbon Footprint Advance syngas production, cleaning, and processing technology to reduce energy conversion capital costs and new technology costs Enable faster development, lower capital investment and lower financial risk open new markets for coal utilization Use coal to create high value products Lower carbon footprint of coal-based syngas production and conversion systems Use opportunity fuels; co-feeding coal with biomass and other carbon materials 15

gov 301-304-9448 Office of Fossil Energy energy.

16 For More Information Jai-woh Kim, Program Manager Office of Fossil Energy energy.gov/fe/office-fossil-energy NETL y-systems/gasification 16

17 Thank you Questions? 17

Markets for Coal. Use. NARUC Winter Policy Summit Feb. 12, 2018

Markets for Coal. Use. NARUC Winter Policy Summit Feb. 12, 2018 February 12, 2018 Modular Gasification New Markets for Coal Use NARUC Winter Policy Summit Feb. 12, 2018 David Lyons Technology Manager, Gasification Systems and Coal & Coal-Biomass to Liquids Why the