Regional Workshop on Observing a Nuclear Emergency Response Exercise of a Local Government 7-10 October, 2013 Hokkaido, Japan

Transcription

1 Regional Workshop on Observing a Nuclear Emergency Response Exercise of a Local Government 7-10 October, 2013 Hokkaido, Japan First Responses to TEPCO s Fukushima Daiichi NPP Accident ---by JAEA October 7, 2013 Sohei Sato Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency About JAEA/NEAT for a Nuclear Emergency JAEA is a designated public institution, scribed in the Basic Act on Disaster Control Measures, for a nuclear emergency occurred at NPPs and other nuclear facilities* Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center(NEAT) is the JAEA s center to carry out the tasks as designated public institution, especially in early phase Missions of NEAT: Support national and local governments as follows; Providing Information Dispatching specialists Providing monitoring equipment and supporting monitoring activities Responding accident in transportation of nuclear fuel Providing training and exercises for disaster prevention * Also scribed in the Act on Ensuring the Peace and Independence of Japan and the Security of the State and the People in Armed Attack Situations, etc. 1

2 Purpose of the presentation First responses of NEAT not only to the Fukushima Dai-ich NPPs accident but also to Fukushima Dai-ni NPPs accidents and the other NPPs troubles in time series First week after the Tohoku District-off the Pacific Ocean Earthquake occurred at 14:46 on March 11, 2011 Time in this presentation indicates that the time that we knew, rather than the time that an events occurred When observing the exercise in Hokkaido, please imagine the realistic situation based on these experiences See Report of Japanese Government to the IAEA Ministerial Conference on Nuclear Safety for more information about the accidents 2 1stDay March 11, :46 The Tohoku District off the Coast of Pacific Ocean Earthquake occurred 14:47 Activated NEAT s Emergency Response Plan (against large-scale natural disaster on nuclear facilities) 15:40 Checked the damages on NEAT s buildings and etc. 16:30 Started to connect with the Governmental HQs and OFCs through the teleconference. (1F: all emergency DGs except for 1 DG in Unit 6 had been stopped ) 17:45 Received Tokai Dai-ni 3rd report (17:40 External power supply lost and 3 emergency DGs started) 18:47 Received the NEPA Art.10 event (17:35 2F-1 leakage of reactor coolant) 19:03 Received the NEPA Art.10 event (15:42 1F-1~5 loss of all AC power supplies) 19:03 Received the NEPA Art.15 event (16:36 1F-1, 2 impossible to inject water using the emergency core cooling system) The Prime Minister declared Nuclear Emergency (19:03) 21:55 Found the governmental instruction of evacuation and etc. by TV (21:23 1F evacuation 3km radius, sheltering 10km radius) 22:05 Requested for preparation of the 1 st team of JAEA s specialists dispatched to Fukushima OFC to Emergency Response HQ s of JAEA 22:25 Received the NEPA Art.10 event (18:33 2F-2, 4 loss of reactor heat removal) 22:46 Requested by MEXT about dispatching specialists for environmental monitoring The time that we received the information LEGEND Navy blue: NEAT s activity, Brown: Plant Information Received, Light blue: Instructions of protective actions 3

3 14:46 The Earthquake Occurred March 11, 2011 The nuclear facilities that located prefecture observed JMA Seismic Intensity 5 Upper or more are on the map. JNFL NFI, MNF JAEA Higasidori(1) Onagawa(3) Fukushima Dai-ichi(6) Fukushima Dai-ni(4) It was magnitude 9.0 and the most powerful known earthquake ever to have hit Japan. It was 3 rd case observed Japan Meteorological Agency Seismic Intensity 7 (Maximum) after the classification determined in The Southern Hyogo prefecture earthquake(1995):m7.3 The Niigataken Chuetsu-oki Earthquake(2004):M6.8 The tsunami attacked Fukushima Dai-ich and Dai-ni NPPs several times from 15:23 to 15:35, and also attacked other NPPs on Onagawa and Tokai Dai-ni. Tokai Dai-ni(1) 4 JMA seismic intensity scale called 震度 (sindo) in Japan The JMA scale describes the degree of shaking at a point on the Earth's surface and are calculated from measurements of ground acceleration. If a JMA seismic intensity is observed, the brochure shows what will happen and be damaged in its surroundings. Responses to an earthquake for nuclear facilities in Japan (examples) Sindo 4 or more at the municipalities, we have to check our nuclear facilities Sindo 6 lower or more at the prefecture with NPPs, it correspond to Alert Alert by the EAL (developed after Fukushima Dai-ich NPPs accident) 5

4 Fukushima Dai-ich Fukushima Dai-ni U Before the Eq Immediately after the tsunami Power Supply RHR RCIC 1 Operation Ext. 0/7, DG 0/2 SHC IC 2 Operation Ext. 0/7, DG 0/2 3 Operation Ext. 0/7, DG 0/2 4 Inspection Ext. 0/7, DG 0/2 (SFP) 5 Inspection Ext. 0/7, DG 0/2 6 Inspection Ext. 0/7, DG 1/3-1 Operation Ext. 1/4, DG 0/3 2 Operation Ext. 1/4, DG 0/3 3 Operation Ext. 1/4, DG 2/3 B 4 Operation Ext. 1/4, DG 1/3 Tokai Dai-ni 1 Operation Ext. 0/3, DG 2/3 B Onagawa At present, we know that Fukushima Dai-ich only led to the release of radioactive materials. However, we had to watch the NPPs on 5 sites at the time. 1 Operation (Ext. 1/5), DG 2/2-2 Start-up Ext. 1/5-3 Operation Ext. 1/5 - Higashidori 1 Inspection Ext. 0/3, DG 1/2 - - Situation of NPPs Mar Ext. 3/4 D/W Spray Ext. 3/4 HPCI Ext. 3/4 Ext. 1/3 RHR(B) DG2/3 RHR(B) ( ) Power supply from Unit6 DG DG1/3RHR(B) event (NEPA Article10) event (NEPA Article15) alternative water injection vent explosion etc. being cooled loss of external power supply loss of reactor heat removal loss of reactor cooling function Spraying onto the SFP (This table is the compilation of the governmental report) 6 14:47 Activated NEAT s Emergency Response Plan March 11, 2011 Tsunami warnings on TV Confirmation of NEAT s staffs safety After the Niigataken Chuetsu-oki Earthquake(2004), we established the plan activated when large-scale earthquake or tsunami occurs at the prefecture that a nuclear facility located. Using emergency information sharing system named ECHO 7

5 15:40 Checked the Damages on NEAT March 11, 2011 Some ceiling panel damaged in the material garage Quake absorbing structure for NEAT s facility NEAT s facility and its equipment has avoided the damages by quake absorbing structure. Commercial power supply was stopped (20:10 March 13 resumed), and NEAT s emergency generator started automatically. Water supply was stopped (00:30 March 22 resumed). 8 16:30 Teleconference with Governmental HQs and OFCs March 11, 2011 Started teleconference Governmental HQs and OFCs At first, we connected with METI and OFCs(Higasidori, Rokkasho and Fukushima) It was reported in the teleconference that all emergency DGs except one DG for Unit6 had been stopped in Fukushima Dai-ich. And then, MEXT and NSC also connected the teleconference. It was found that Onagawa OFC had been lost by the tsunami. 9

6 22:46 Dispatch Request by the MEXT March 11, 2011 Preparation of dispatching to Fukushima OFC The 1 st team of 7 JAEA s specialists was preparing to dispatch to Fukushima OFC(in Ookuma town and around 5 [km] from Fukushima Dai-ich NPPs). They had 3 GM-survey meters, 3 NaI-scintillation survey meters, dust protective masks, protective clothes (Tyvek coveralls), and etc. 1st floor was opened to the residents The conference room on the 1st floor was opened to 183 residents nearby NEAT from evening to late at night. 10 2ndDay AM March 12, :38 Increased radiation dose rate in T/B at 1F-1 (23: [msv/h]) 01:54 The 1 team of 7 JAEA s specialists departed 04:26 Result of the dose estimation implementation of drywell vent at 1F-2 (5:10 1F-1) 05:57 Increased radiation dose rate inside 1F site 06:00 The 1 st team of JAEA arrived at Environmental Radioactivity Monitoring Center of Fukushima next to Fukushima OFC 07:45 Teleconference: the NEPA Art.15 event (5:22 2F-1, 5:32 2F-2, 6:07 2F-4 loss of reactor pressure suppression function) The Prime Minister declared Nuclear Emergency (07:45) 08:17 1F vent had been going to start at 9:00 with manually valve opening (later it was postponed) 08:58 Received the NEPA Art.15 event (Same as 07:45. 2F PCV vent had been going to start depending on reactor pressure) 08:58 Detected radioactive materials at 1F main gate and the entrance of emergency response building 09:57 Found the governmental instruction of evacuation and etc. by TV (05:44 1F evacuation 10km radius, 07:45 2F evacuation 3km radius, sheltering 10km radius) 09:57 Found the implementation of 1F vent by TV --:-- The 1 team of JAEA had measured environmental radiation dose rate, collected radiation iodine samples and done radiation screening the residents at the shelter 11

7 2ndDay PM March 12, :-- The 2 nd team of JAEA was gathered once, but returned to their department 16:00 Found the explosive phenomenon at 1F-1 by TV 17:46 Found the governmental instruction of evacuation and etc. by TV (2F evacuation 10km) 19:28 Found the governmental instruction of evacuation and etc. by TV (1F evacuation 20km) 22:20 The 2 nd team of 19 JAEA s specialists departed 22:28 Received the information while interrupting the network, because the network recovered around 15:40, explosion and white smoke were observed at 1F-1 Increased radiation dose rate at 1F site boundary to 569 [μsv/h] PCV vent preparation completed at 2F-1, 2, and 4 Reactor cold shutdown at 2F :54The 1st Team of JAEA Departed March 12, 2011 Boarding the JASDF helicopter Arrived at ERMC of Fukushima Inside the helicopter 13

8 Activity of the 1st team of JAEA March 12, 2011 Briefings and meetings about the environmental monitoring Survey and iodine sampling In some places, more than upper limit (30 [μsv / h]) of the NaI scintillation survey meter were observed. Explosion occurred in 1F-1, and they returned to the ERMC of Fukushima. Road repairing(assistance) 14 22:20The 2nd Team of JAEA Departed March 12, 2011 Departure of NEAT Gathered once, but returned to their department Because of increasing radiation dose rate around the Fukushima OFC and etc. dispatching by the helicopter was postponed. We arranged the bus of JAEA and they departed at 22:00. Monitoring car accompanied with 15

9 Networks interruption on NEAT Governmental HQs Off-site centers March 12, 2011 For Emergency Preparedness ERSS/SPEEDI Teleconference (Cabinet Office`s Anti-Disaster Radio Communication System) NEAT For General Use Others (Phone line, Internet) Phone(Priority call when disaster) Intranet Teleconference JAEA (HQ, Departments) Network for emergency preparedness was interrupted about three hours until morning Network for general use was interrupted from around noon to 22:28 However, among the three systems, network systems can be available at least one because of power depletion of the carrier s base station? 16 3rdDay March 13, :55 Received the NEPA Art.15 event (05:10 1F-3 loss of reactor cooling function) 06:55 Contacted with the 2 nd team of JAEA at Kawauchi Village 07:23 Reported from the 1 st team of JAEA about yesterday s activities 09:22 Started the vent on 1F-3 at 8:41 09:48 Increased radiation dose rate at 1F site boundary (882 [μsv/h]) 11:10 The 2 nd team of JAEA linked up with the 1 st team at Fukushima OFC --:-- Inquiry from MEXT about the quantity of survey meters owned by JAEA 13:39 Received the NEPA Art.10 event (12:50 Onagawa Increased radiation dose rate at site boundary to 21[μSv/h]) Influences of 1F 15:10 Increased radiation dose rate at 1F site boundary (905 [μsv/h]) 15:25 Send to JAEA departments about the response system of JAEA and dose management policies 15:35 Requested by MEXT about establishing health consultation hot-line --:-- Requested by MEXT about throwing out special vehicles for response activities in Fukushima 20:10 Commercial power supply were resumed 22:15 Reported from the 1 st and 2 nd team of JAEA about today s result of measurements and replacement personnel --:-- Found the scheduled power cut off plan by TV (Ibaraki prefecture is excluded later) 17

10 4thDay March 14, :06 Core damage was estimated to be about 25% on 1F-3 (07:40 1F-1 55%) 07:00 2 special vehicles arrived from Fukui branch office of NEAT 08:40 Drywell pressure at 1F-3 exceeded the designed pressure 08:42 The 1 st and 2 nd team of JAEA requested some materials (Ionization chamber type survey meters, charcoal filters for the masks, blankets and everyday goods) 11:15 Found white smoke at 1F-3 by TV 11:46 Event occurred like explosion at 1F-3 14:30 The 3 team of 16 JAEA s specialists departed to Fukushima City (Fukushima City is prefectural capital and about 50km from 1F) 16:20 Covered around the showers in the material garage by protective sheets for returning 1 st team of JAEA 18:08 Whole of the fuel was uncovered in 1F-2 21:43 Contacted with 1 st and 2 nd team of JAEA Withdrawal of Fukushima OFC was decided, 1 st and 2 nd team of JAEA were going to return to NEAT Governmental local nuclear emergency response HQ was going to move to Fukushima City 23:02 Increased radiation dose rate at 1F site boundary to 3170 [μsv/h] (23:52 corrected to 760 [μsv/h]) 23:37 The 3 rd team of JAEA arrived at Fukushima City (along the way, transferred the bus due to the failure) The monitoring vehicle dispatched from Fukui branch of NEAT arrived 23:59 Drywell vent was expected by exceeding the designed pressure at 1F :30The 3rd Team of JAEA Departed March 14, 2011 Transferred the bus due to the failure Transported by JAEA s bus Monitored the environment outside 20km radius region from 1F Carried out the radiation screening at Fukushima prefectural government for the prefectural staffs Monitoring vehicle with Ge Analyzer 19

11 5thDay March 15, :05 Found increasing radiation dose rate in Ibaraki prefecture 01:53 The 1 st and 2 nd teams of JAEA returned to NEAT Inspected the contamination (max 8k [cpm] at the shoe sole) 04:36 Contacted from MEXT about changing the environmental monitoring plan and organizations JAEA supports environmental monitoring outside 20km radius region from 1F by using 2 monitoring cars 04:50 Requested by the MEXT about dispersion calculation with WSPEEDI-II II 12:34 1st reported 06:30 Requested by Ibaraki prefecture about dispatching specialists for radiation screening at the health centers 07:30 Received the NEPA Art.10 event (Increased radiation dose rate at JAEA Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories site boundary) Influences of 1F (07:34 JAEA Nuclear Science Research Institute) 08:00 Found the explosion at 1F-2 by TV 08:20 Large impact sound occurred in 1F 09:04 Received the NEPA Art.15 event (06:10 1F-4 Large impact sound occurred and upper R/B damaged) 09:36 White smoke from 1F-2 R/B 10:23 Fired on 1F-4 R/B 4th floor 12:20 The 4 th team of JAEA s specialists departed to Fukushima city with 4 special vehicles (a whole body counter vehicle, a body-surface contamination measurements vehicle, a body decontamination vehicle, and a monitoring vehicle) 15:10 Started source estimation with WSPEEDI-II reported to NSC and MEXT on March 16 15:52 The 4 th team of JAEA arrived at Fukushima City 20 01:53Inspected the Contamination for 1 st and 2 nd Team March 15, 2011 Covered around the showers Inspected the contamination Decontamination tools and materials 21

12 04:50 Calculated with WSPEEDI-II March 15, 2011 WSPEEDI-II system on NEAT Example: dispersion calculation Calculated by the system on NEAT, because the system on Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate couldn t use by the power cutting off :20The 4th Team of JAEA Departed March 15, 2011 Body decontamination vehicle Monitoring vehicle and the bus for transportation 4 special vehicles were accompanied with Whole body counter vehicle 23

13 6thDay March 16, :09 Increased radiation dose rate at 1F main gate to 4548[μSv/h] 06:36 Observed the fire on 1F-4 R/B 4 th floor 08:17 3 special vehicles were placed in Fukushima Medical University --:-- Inquiry from MEXT about the number of possible lending survey meter and pocket dosimeter 12:30 Results of the dispersion calculation and source estimation reported to NSC and MEXT 15:15 Increased radiation dose rate at 1F main gate to around [μsv/h] 19:00 Requested by Ibaraki prefecture, health consultation with evacuee from Fukushima were done in Tsukuba City 19:36 Inquiry from MEXT about the amount of stockpiles of iodine tablets in JAEA 20:03 Reported from the 3 rd team of JAEA about the activities. Monitored the environment outside 20km radius region from 1F and maximum was 80[μSv/h] at NW30km and WNW25km NEAT started 12hours shift (from March 16 to March 31) 24 08:173 Special Vehicles were Placed in Fukushima Medical University March 16, 2011 body decontamination vehicle placed in Fukushima Medical University Inside a whole body counter vehicle A whole body counter vehicle, a body-surface contamination measurements vehicle and a body decontamination vehicle were placed in Fukushima Medical University The 4 th team of JAEA instructed the staffs of Fukushima Medical University and etc. about the special vehicles and radiation screening to prepare the situation to do screening and decontamination for a lot of residents 25

14 7thDay March 17, :52 Received the emergency environmental monitoring plan since March 17, 2011 from MEXT 02:10 Surface contamination around NEAT was about 1.5k [cpm] (on asphalt surface, outdoor) 03:15 Inquiry from METI about decontamination materials Answered how to use decontamination materials for a surface contamination and these effects 07:00 Contacted with the 3 rd team of JAEA MEXT was going to carry out the measurements of radiation dose rate and compile these data Fukushima prefecture was going to carry out the measurements on environmental samples, and we were going to cooperate to collect samples as necessary 08:00 Requested by Tokyo Electric Co. about offering the charcoal filter 13:10 Started health consultation hot-line to respond to inquiries from residents in Japan as MEXT 13:10 Requested by METI about dispersion calculation for wider area (covering far east asia) with WSPEEDI-II --:-- Inquiry from Japan Coast Guard about the impact of radioactive materials to the patrol ship which had been in 20kim radius when hydrogen explosion occurred on1f :10 Health Consultation Hot-line March 17, 2011 差替え When starting From 10:00 to 21:00, everyday 8 phone line and toll-free 27

15 Monitoring activity after the 3rd team March 17, 2011 Fukushima City 30km 20km Measurements of dose rate 1F NPPs Site Radiation screening Monitoring Routes (routine) 28 JAEA s responses after the 1 st week NEAT : continued routine responses for one year and a half Dispatching specialists Providing monitoring equipment and supporting monitoring activities Health Consultation Hot-line Head Quarters of Fukushima Partnership Operations (established May 2011) : continuously conducting activities to restore the environment of Fukushima Environmental monitoring and mapping (air borne monitoring etc.) Research and development towards environmental (decontamination modeling project etc.) Plant restoration and plant decommissioning safety research 29

16 Thank you for your attention Everybody needed Onigiri! 30 Abbreviations 1F Fukushima Dai-ich ( Dai-ich means No.1) 2F Fukushima Dai-ni ( Dai-ni means No.2) DG Diesel Generator ERMC Environmental Radiation Monitoring Center ERSS Emergency Response Support System HQ Headquarter JASDAF Japan Air Self Defense Force JMA Japan Meteorological Agency MEXT Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology METI Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry NEAT Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center NEPA Act on Special Measures Concerning Nuclear Emergency Preparedness (Nuclear Emergency Preparedness Act) NISA Nuclear and Industrial Safety (department of the METI) NSC Nuclear Safety Commission OFC Off-site Center PCV Pressure Core Vessel R/B Reactor Building SPEEDI System for Prediction of Environmental Emergency Dose Information WSPEEDI-II Worldwide version of SPEEDI Revision2 T/B Turbine Building Notice about NEPA: Special Law of Emergency Preparedness for Nuclear Disaster is more accurate presentation and was used in the Governmental Report (i.e. IAEA Safety Convention National Report) 31