FCE ASM 2013 Primary Production Working Group

Transcription

1 FCE ASM 213 Primary Production Working Group William Anderson, Joseph Boyer, Josh Breithaupt, Emily Broderick, Edward Castaneda, Dan Childers, Ligia Collado-Vides, Kevin Cunniff, Susan Dailey, Stephen Davis, Vic Engel, Amber Enns, Sharon Ewe, James Fourqurean, Tom Frankovich, Jose Fuentes, Evelyn Gaiser, Andy Gottlieb, Rafael Guevara, Darrell Herbert, Sylvia Lee Christopher Madden, Emily Nodine, Alex Perez, Glauco Puig-Santana, Mark Rains, Jenny Richards, Victor Rivera-Monroy, Mike Ross, Amartya Saha, Olga Sanchez, Jennifer Sweatman, Tiara Thanawastien, Serge Thomas, Franco Tobias, Tiffany Troxler, Robert Twilley, Kristie Wendelberger, Jeff Wozniak

2 CENTRAL QUESTIONS How does the balance of fresh and marine water supply to the oligohaline ecotone influence the composition, distribution and productivity of primary producers? Hypothesis 2.1: The balance of fresh and marine water supplies regulates primary producer composition and productivity through interacting effects on P availability, salinity and water residence time. Hypothesis 2.2: Landscape patterns of plant composition and production express legacies of fresh and marine water supplies to the ecotone.

3 WHERE WE ARE o Periphyton o Calcareous macroalgae o Cladium and Eleocharis o Mangrove

4 Hypothesis 2.1: The balance of fresh and marine water supplies regulates primary producer composition and productivity through interacting effects on P availability, salinity and water residence time. P er i p h y t o n Periphyton TP (ug/g) Shark River Slough Southern Marl Prairie Taylor Slough Oligohaline o Periphyton is consistently P-enriched in the oligohaline ecotone (MAP monitoring ). o Diatom communities reflect both salinity (r2=.96) and P enrichment (r2=.87). o Mechanistic experiments planned to tease apart influences of salinity, inundation and P

5 Calcareous Green macroalgae (CGM) production Halimeda spp and Penicillus spp: A baseline of CaCO 3 and C Production across the TS-Ph gradient. Sprigger Bank has the highest production Estimated CaCO3 Total Annual Production (max 797) g m -2 yr -1 Estimated Organic Matter Total Annual Production g m -2 yr -1 Estimated Organic C (Steele 1974)Total Yearly Production 49.6 g m -2 yr -1 These numbers are a baseline for our system

6 41 Year SEACOM Simulations of SAV Under Past, Current and Restored Scenarios at Taylor River 6 5 Natural System Model 4 AG Biomass mgc m ECB- Current Conditions CEPP Alternative 4 NSM shows mixed mesohaline community Currently no Ruppia present CEPP flows are sufficient to restore Ruppia in lower salinity years

7 41 Year SEACOM Simulations of SAV Under Current and Restored Scenarios at Whipray and Trout 15 ECB Whipray 1 AG Biomass mgc m ECB Trout ALT4 Trout Currently Whipray shows Thalassia dominant with no Ruppia as in NSM; no change in ALT scenarios Currently no Ruppia present in Trout CEPP flows are sufficient to restore Ruppia in lower salinity years 4 2

8 Total Biomass (mg) Total Seeds Germinated (%) Ruppia Seed Germination and Seedling Survival Versus Salinity Significant Ruppia germination only occurs at salinity of 1 or below Seedling biomass is greatest at a salinity of 5 (Koch et al. 212) N= 1,56 seeds Salinity Salinity Madden, C. J (In Press). Use of models in ecosystem-based management of the southern Everglades and Florida Bay, Florida. In: J. W. Day, Jr. and A. Yañez-Arancibia [eds.] The Gulf of Mexico: Its Origins, Waters, Biota and Human Impacts; V. 5 Ecosystem Based Management. Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, TX A&M Univ. Press, College Station, TX.

9 Hypothesis 2.2: Landscape patterns of plant composition and production express legacies of fresh and marine water supplies to the ecotone. Cladium and Eleocharis o Spatial and temporal variability in primary production and species composition illustrate legacies of fresh and marine water supplies in the Taylor Slough (right) watershed o Model describes relationship of precipitation, freshwater discharge and number of high salinity days (>3ppt) on Cladium ANPP at TS/Ph 6 ecotone site (r2 =.83)

10 Mangrove Root Biomass - May 212 Lower P Lower P Higher soil stress Higher P o Higher total (-9 cm) root biomass allocation in P-limited sites compared to more fertile site SRS-6. o Higher root allocation in the shallow root zone compared to deeper zone. o Patterns of mangrove root dynamics across FCE mangroves are consistent with previous studies (2-26). o Fine roots (<2 mm) contributed between 2-46% of the total root biomass across zones at all sites. o Coarse roots (5-2 mm) accounted for 33-7% of the total root allocation. o Root productivity will be estimated during a period of two years (May 213 and 214)

11 Mangrove Fine Root Biomass - May 212 Lower P Higher soil stress Lower P Higher P o o o Fine root allocation in the shallow root zone (-45 cm) increased with distance inland from the mouth of Shark River estuary. Highest fine root allocation at sites (SRS-4 and TS/Ph-7) with the strongest P limitation (soil N:P > 1). SRS-6 had the lowest fine root biomass.

12 Legacies of Disturbance Post-Wilma Effect on Root Biomass (SRS-6) o o Root biomass allocation was 3x higher during 29 compared to pre-wilma years. Root biomass estimates during 212 were consistent with pre-wilma years. o Fine (<2 mm) roots had the highest (5-87%) contribution to total biomass during 29 compared to pre-wilma and 212 years. o The higher allocation to fine roots following Wilma suggests an adaptation of mangroves to counteract stress conditions (i.e.,defoliation) as greater energy is allocated to root production and associated nutrient uptake to enhance photosynthetic activity.

13 Mangrove annual net ecosystem exchange (and disturbance) -ΣNEE = 85 to 117 g C m -2 yr -1 Based on 7 months of data Hurricane Wilma Cold period in January

14 Jerath M., Bhat, M.G., Rivera-Monroy V., Castañeda-Moya, E, Simard, M, Twilley, R., in preparation. An Economic Analysis of Carbon Sequestration and Storage Service by Mangrove Forests in Everglades National Park, Florida, Ecological Economics Total Carbon Estimation in ENP mangrove forests

15 High resolution satellite imagery can be used to map and monitor vegetation change in the Everglades WorldView 2 2x2m pixel satellite data that have been classified applying random forest classification algorithms to bi-seasonal images.

16 WHERE WE ARE Hypothesis 2.1: a) In collaboration with SFWMD, refurbished and conducted smallscale experiments in mesocosm facility where manipulations of P, salinity and hydrology on PP will be tested b) Next set of experiments to begin this summer with plant-soil experiments to begin in seeking collaborators to participate Hypothesis 2.2: a) Robust patterns of PP (biomass and tissue content) with salinity, P and hydrology in landscape with indication of interaction response in mangrove root patterns b) Disturbance also needs consideration among legacy effects c) Scaling beginning to be realized but should aim to integrate work also for sawgrass and periphyton PP and achieve more coordination overall

17 PRODUCTS Publications: Castañeda-Moya, Twilley, R., Rivera-Monroy, VH. In press. Allocation of Biomass and Net Primary Productivity of Mangrove Forests along Environmental Gradients in the Florida Coastal Everglades, USA. Forest Ecology and Management Troxler, Childers, Madden. In Review. Drivers of decadal-scale change in the structure and function of southern Everglades wetland macrophyte communities. Wetlands Theses: Meenakshi Jerath 212. An Economic Analysis of Carbon Sequestration and Storage Service by Mangrove Forests in Everglades National Park, Florida, Florida International University, Master Thesis Leveraged Projects: Simard, M., Fatoyinbo, L., Rivera-Monroy, V., Chowdhury, R, Vulnerability Assessment of Mangrove forests regions of the Americas. NASA- JPL Troxler, T.,Gaiser, E. Ecological monitoring of southern Everglades wetlands, mangrove transition zone and white zone interactions with Florida Bay. South Florida Water Management District, Florida Bay Program. October 212-September 213. Troxler, T.,Richards, J. Monitoring for potential water quality impacts along Eastern Everglades National Park. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. June 212-June 213.

18 WHERE WE NEED TO BE more integrated! Hypothesis 2.1 o Manipulative experiments are on track o pre-proposal submitted to leverage support (more needed) o good foundation for integration has been developed Hypothesis 2.2 o Explicitly focus on relating the intensive field measurements and eddy flux tower work to landscape-scale mapping efforts reduce uncertainties, validate and scale o Lots of great, ongoing, LT work and numerous activities but dedicated energies toward integration still needed, no pending proposals o Input to LTER Oceanography special issue: Integrated carbon cycling models for the Everglades terrestrial-coastal-oceanic gradient: current status and needs for inter-site carbon budget comparisons. - Fourqurean, J., T. Troxler, E. Gaiser, others. o Workshop to focus on marsh and mangrove data integration & synthesis late summer? seeking integration across working groups and CCTs