END USE MEASUREMENT IN AUSTRALIA
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1 DAMIEN GIURCO INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABLE FUTURES END USE MEASUREMENT IN AUSTRALIA 26 SEPTEMBER 2007 THINK. CHANGE. DO.
2 Overview > Review of end use measurement modelling vs measurement > End use demand and options modelling > Limitations and challenges > Future potential Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2
3 Review of end use measurement > Australia Measurement: Melbourne, Sydney, Perth, Gold Coast Modelling: Geelong, Ballarat, Alice Springs, Adelaide > Overseas USA (CUWCC New Zealand ( BRANZ search pubs. end use, SR149, SR159) UK (WRC micro-components analysis > Water and energy Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 3
4 Planning and End use measurement > Residential Demand forecasting long term end-use based short term drought response > Options analysis end-use based savings and options stock models Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 4
5 EUM and IRP > Integrated Resources Planning Framework > Meet supply demand balance into future > Compare both supply and demand options > Rank options with common metric of levelised total resource cost ($/kl) > Decision support framework Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 5
6 Residential end use measurement The system - utility The system - customers DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OTHER SOURCES (e.g. rainwater tanks, other boreholes) M M SINGLE RESIDENTIAL MULTI RESIDENTIAL INDOOR OUTDOOR END USES Toilets Showers Baths Basins Kitchen taps Washing machines Laundry tap Pools/spas Irrigation Outdoor taps Air conditioners Car washing M M M COMMERCIAL/ INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTIONAL INDOOR OUTDOOR SEWERAGE PIPELINES SOURCE Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 6
7 Demand forecasting stock X usage X technology = water use Stock: Household Ownership (sales) Population Technical: Water consumption (litres/min, litres/use) TOTAL CONSUMPTION (kl/annum) Consumption (litres/person/day) Usage: Frequency of use Duration of use Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 7
8 Demand forecasting Stock: Household Ownership: 80% non-efficient 20% efficient x Technical: Water consumption: 11L/min non-efficient 7L/min efficient x Usage: Frequency of use: 2 uses/household/day Duration of use: 7 mins/use = Households: 1.55 million x TOTAL CONSUMPTION 52 kl/household/annum = = Total consumption 81 GL/annum Total consumption 53 Litres/person/day Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 8
9 Demand forecasting Showers: Baths: Toilets : Garden: Taps: Pool: Washing machines: Evaporative air-conditioners: Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 9
10 Options analysis example of supply curve Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 10
11 Consider total resource cost Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 11
12 WSAA Integrated Supply Demand Planning Model Input data (examples) Region data source (A) End use groups data sources (B to E) Database (storage unit) Option data sources Output reports ABS demog A Region DS Totals Pop: Hh: Oc: Calcs Totals Demog Totals & calcs Supply option DS Dam No.1 Baseline data report ABS % AAA survey duration sales data utility analysed residential metered demand utility analysed non residential metered demand B1 C D Residential Indoor DS Showers Totals xxx Calcs Residential Outdoor DS Non Residential DS Residential Indoor DS Toilets Totals xxx Calcs B2 Residential option DS Toilet retrofit Residential option DS WM rebate Residential option DS Garden audit Residential option DS Showerheads Residential option DS MWEPS Non residential option DS Top 50 audit Comparative forecast report Cost comparison report utility analysed bulk water demand E NRW DS NRW option DS Pressure reduct. NRW option DS Leakage control Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 12
13 Limitations and Challenges > Limitations New data required for consumption post-drought New behaviours with efficient appliances rebound? Overlapping events > Challenges How smart would we like our meters breadth, specificity Data management (water and energy etc.) Source substitution (bores, raintanks, on-site recycling) Real time feeback and behaviour change Privacy Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 13
14 EUM Data collection objective Planning Demand management Restrictions Pricing Leaks/pressure Location Single residential dwellings Multi-residential dwellings (Pulse) meters Single meter for household Meter on each water using device Single meter for household Single meter for group of households Data capture* Data loggers Data logger attached to single household meter Data loggers attached at each point of use in each dwelling Data logger attached to each household meter Data logger attached to single group meter Data collection time intervals 10 sec intervals 1 min intervals 15 min intervals Data logger power supply Mains / Battery backup Battery only Battery / Solar * Surveys, logbooks etc excluded Data transfer Manual Wireless (drive-by) Mobile (SMS) Broadband / wireless Radio (GPRS) Bluetooth Data analysis Office computer Web based Trace Wizard TM Apply insights to achieve objectives End use measurement Guidebook, 2007 Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 14
15 Smart metering trends > Smart metering Can detect end-use and behaviour information (Smart Water) Water, energy, gas (Sth East Water) Trials and some implementation now (Qld): - growth in five years Role of real-time information, customer feedback Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 15
16 Future potential across scales > Understand potential across scales where is each technology most appropriate appliances and behaviours lot scale / time of use localised developments city scale Appliance Household Development Suburb City Giurco, 2007 Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 16
17 Update meters & institutional arrangements together Component Enabling pathway Goal Policy Objective Within household changes Within development changes Integrated changes in house/dev Integrated changes in city Integrated changes in region Model Capability Snapshot for components Static/ Scenario Integrated Scenario Integrated Dynamic Integrated with Feedback Sustainable City Planning Data Requirements Average Generic Data water/energy Historical. Average house type Historical CD/SSD Aggregate Historical Unit Record Real-time Unit Record Data Management Protocols Current / limited Efficient access databases Co-ordination between sources Privacy safeguards Framework to manage volume Giurco, 2007 Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 17
18 Additional resources forthcoming > WSAA Australian Integrated Resources Planning Framework and Manual detailed handbook; to be released later this year > Smart Water End Use Measurement Guidebook focus on factors influencing study design and link to technology; finalised early next year Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 18
19 Further information > Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS (publications downloadable) Level 11, 235 Jones St Ultimo Sydney > Acknowledgements Stuart White, Naomi Carrard, Nicole Thornton, Andrea Turner Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 19
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