Bridging the gap between recovery from wastewater and recycling - Phosphorus the template - Dr. Christian Kabbe

Transcription

1 Bridging the gap between recovery from wastewater and recycling - Phosphorus the template - Dr. Christian Kabbe ARREAU Workshop at Amsterdam International Water Week 3 November 2015

2 Outline Why P recovery & recycling? P recovery from wastewater Implementation and market aspects Outlook Joseph Wright of Derby: Henning Brand Entdeck den Phosphor 1669

3 The modern P-cycle Phosphorus recovery and recycling 10% 90% 225 million t P rock (Global mining 2013, USGS 2015) Adapted from:

4 Why? and the role of wastewater / sewage sludge Phosphorus Critical Raw Material Demand relies on fossil resources geopolitically sensitive non-substitutable Bottleneck for fertilizer and food supply Excl. manure since already recycled Wastewater /sewage sludge is a relevant and renewable resource in a real circular economy (not just on paper)

5 Hot spots for P recovery from municipal wastewater 100% P load * 50% of P load 25 % of P load 40-90% of P load (solubility, contaminants) *forced P dissolution 5-20 % of P load *30-50% of P load > 80% of P load Note: Difference between precipitation/crystallization and actual separation/harvest

6 Overview of P-recovery from wastewater technologies in Europe AirPrex PEARL/Wasstrip NuReSys Aqueous phase (dissolved P) PHOSPAQ FIX-PHOS CaP/CSH ANPHOS Grundfos REPHOS Crystalactor, CaP Wet sludge and liquor P-RoC CaP/CSH STRUVIA Ecobalans, NPK With enforced P dissolution Budenheim DCP LYSOGEST Gifhorn /CaP Stuttgart Sludge and sludge ash Acidic digestion /leaching Thermal Fert. Industry Mineral fertilizer ECOPHOS H 3 PO 4 /DCP MEPHREC P-slag THERMPHOS P 4 CleanMAP MAP/DAP TetraPhos H 3 PO 4 AshDec (Outotec) P-mineral RECOPHOS FP7 H 3 PO 4 /P 4 LEACHPHOS P-mineral RECOPHOS DE MCP PYREG P-mineral KUBOTA P-slag Full-scale Demo / Pilot Lab-scale

7 Overview and status of P-recovery from wastewater facilities in Europe Kabbe 2013, AirPrex Kabbe 2015 Kabbe 2015, AirPrex Kabbe et al. (2015): IFS proceedings 763

8 Why struvite? A feasibility example. The practical example of WWTP Neuwerk (Niersverband) Savings due to reduced maintenance (scaling and abrasion) 15% Total savings: 474,000 /a benefit due to struvite sales 10% savings due to better dewaterability and lower disposal cost 75% Sources: Niersverband and P.C.S.

9 recovery is nice, but what to do with the rest? 2025?

10 Distribution of P load in German WWTP According to UBA 2014, DWA 2014

11 Regional sludge valorization and disposal routes Mono-incinerations according to Krüger & Adam 2014, Co-incinerations according to Jasper & Kappa 2012, Fertilizer Industry according to IVA 2014

12 P content in German mono -incineration ashes Source: according to Krüger & Adam 2014,

13 How to develop an EUROPEAN market for recovered P? Enabling Technologies: proof of concept and feasibility? Suitable infrastructure? Regional conditions? Supply with process chemicals? By-product and waste routes? P rec products: real market requirements beyond legal baseline? (demand side) Market Regulation Success factors Baseline Nutrients Contaminants Plant availability Eco-toxicity Hygiene Listed fertilizer End of waste criteria P Recycling recovered Kabbe 2015 Price, Operational benefits Purity (esp. HM and organic compounds <1%) Fe and Cl content are limits Odour Available Quantities, Handling (particle size, storage, use of existing equipment), Distribution infrastructure Consumer concerns vs. confidence? Transparency!

14 Conclusions and outlook Enabling technologies for P recovery available (no one fits all solution) Only techs providing marketable intermediates or products likely for recycling Only techs ensuring suitable quality of output material while being versatile in input quality are competitive (sufficient process performance in depleting contaminants, conc. of P) Current motivation for implementation: not nutrient recovery, but operational benefits Legal framework needs more reliability and harmonization -> see P-REX policy brief Adaption of EU legislation can (will) foster circular economy (EC 2003/2003, EC 889/2008, 91/676/EEC level playing field for primary and renewable nutrients, End-of-Waste status? Nutrient recycling value chains: It s not the job of WWTP operators to become fertilizer manufacturers and/or retailers! -> multi-stakeholder business models -> SeRo??? Fertilizer industry can/will play an important role in nutrient cycles (circular economy)!!! No need to re-invent the wheel and create parallel a universe!!!

15 Outdated policy structures hamper circular economy! P-Recovery without P-Recycling is pointless! We decide on recovery of Phosphorus-Fertilizers from sewage treatment plants for agricultural use We decide on use of Phosphorus-Fertilizers from sewage treatment plants in agriculture BMUB Wastewater utilities left alone puppets in a ministries poker? BMEL

16 PHOSPHORUS RECYCLING FROM PROTOTYPE TO MARKET Thank you Think forward, act circular! Wisdom just written on paper will be ash one day; Only the wisdom applied will shape our future! Guess who The P-REX project has received funding from the European Union s Seventh Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration under Grant Agreement no.