MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY

Transcription

1 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY WESTRIDGE MARINE TERMINAL TECHNICAL REPORT FOR THE TRANS MOUNTAIN PIPELINE ULC TRANS MOUNTAIN EXPANSION PROJECT Prepared for: Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC Kinder Morgan Canada Inc. Suite 2700, 300 5th Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta T2P 5J2 Ph.: (403) Prepared by: Stantec Consulting Ltd Dominion Street, Suite 500 Burnaby, BC, V5G 4L7 Ph.: (604) REP-NEB-TERA December 1, 2013

2 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... V DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYM LIST... IX 1.0 INTRODUCTION PROJECT OVERVIEW OBJECTIVES REGULATORY STANDARDS Federal Standards Provincial Standards in BC CONSULTATION AND ENGAGEMENT PUBLIC CONSULTATION, ABORIGINAL ENGAGEMENT AND LANDOWNER RELATIONS REGULATORY CONSULTATION METHODS PROJECT INTERACTIONS AND IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS Marine Sediment Quality Marine Water Quality ASSESSMENT INDICATORS AND MEASUREMENT ENDPOINTS STUDY AREA BOUNDARIES EXISTING CONDITIONS LITERATURE/DESKTOP REVIEW FIELD DATA COLLECTION Sediment Sampling Methods Water Sampling Methods RESULTS OF LITERATURE/DESKTOP REVIEW PHYSICAL SETTING Footprint Local Study Area Regional Study Area BIOLOGICAL SETTING MARINE SEDIMENT QUALITY Hydrocarbons in Sediment PCBs in Sediment Metals in Sediment Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in Sediment MARINE WATER QUALITY Hydrocarbons in Water Metals in Water Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Turbidity in Water dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docx i

3 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY 5.0 RESULTS OF FIELD DATA COLLECTION GENERAL INFORMATION MARINE SEDIMENT QUALITY Supporting Parameters (Particle Size, Total Organic Carbon) Hydrocarbons (PAH, LEPH, HEPH, BTEX) PCBs Metals MARINE WATER QUALITY DISCUSSION AND MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS WESTRIDGE MARINE TERMINAL Supplemental Studies General Recommendations SUMMARY REFERENCES LITERATURE CITED FIGURE AND MAPPING REFERENCES LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Table 3.1: Table 5.1: Table 5.2: Table 5.3: Table 6.1: Summary of Regulatory Consultation Activities Related to Marine Sediment and Water Quality Marine Sediment and Water Quality Indicators and Measurement Endpoints General Marine Sediment Characteristics in the Footprint, May Marine Sediment Characteristics for Hydrocarbons and PCBs (mg/kg) in the Footprint, May Marine Sediment Characteristics for Metals (mg/kg) in the Footprint, May Potential Effects and Recommended Mitigation Measures for Marine Sediment and Water Quality Westridge Marine Terminal LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1: Footprint and Local Study Area for Marine Sediment and Water Quality Figure 3.2: Marine Regional Study Area Figure 3.3: Historical Marine Sediment and Water Sampling Locations in Burrard Inlet Figure 3.4: Sediment and Water Sampling Locations at Westridge Marine Terminal, May dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docxii

4 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A WESTRIDGE MARINE TERMINAL 2013 SEDIMENT QUALITY DATA REPORT... A.1 dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docxiii

5 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY Executive Summary Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC is proposing an expansion of its current 1,150-km Trans Mountain Pipeline between Edmonton, Alberta and Burnaby, British Columbia (BC). Included in this proposal is expansion of the Westridge Marine Terminal in Burnaby, with decommissioning and removal of the existing loading berth and utility dock and construction of three new loading berths within an expanded water lot. Stantec Consulting Ltd. was retained by the project consultant, TERA Environmental Consultants to prepare this technical report describing existing marine sediment and water quality conditions to support preparation of a comprehensive environmental and socio-economic assessment for submission to the National Energy Board as part of the Section 52 Application for the Project. There is potential for limited dredging at the berth areas or shoreline infill areas during construction and release of treated stormwater from the Westridge Marine Terminal during operations. These activities have the potential to affect marine sediment and water quality. Berth construction and layout details and extent of any dredging have not been finalized. If dredging is required, sediment that meets screening criteria may be disposed of at sea. The scope of the baseline work was defined to meet regulatory standards (Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, National Energy Board Filing Manual, Fisheries Act, Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999, including Disposal at Sea Regulations, Canada Shipping Act 2001, and BC Environmental Management Act). Indicators for assessment of potential Project effects on marine sediment and water quality are described. Results of literature reviews and a field survey undertaken to characterize baseline water and sediment quality in the vicinity of the Westridge Marine Terminal are described. Recommendations on mitigation measures that will be implemented to reduce or eliminate potential adverse effects are discussed. Baseline sediment and water quality were identified for the Project Footprint (area directly affected by construction of Westridge Marine Terminal), Local Study Area (LSA) for marine sediment and water quality (within 500 m of the proposed water lease expansion) and Regional Study Area (RSA; Burrard Inlet east of the First Narrows). Parameters examined include hydrocarbons from fuels, lubricants, crude oil or bitumen (light extractable petroleum hydrocarbons [LEPH], heavy extractable petroleum hydrocarbons [HEPH], benzene, toluene, ethylene and xylene [BTEX], volatile petroleum hydrocarbon [VPH], total extractable hydrocarbon [TEH], and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAH]). Other parameters examined were polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), metals, total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity. Concentrations were compared to applicable BC and Canadian sediment and water quality guidelines for protection of aquatic life and screening criteria for disposal of sediment at sea. Contaminants can be present from natural sources or current or historical human activities (e.g., stormwater runoff from residential, commercial and industrial areas, deposition from the air, vessel-related activities, industrial effluent discharges). The July 2007 accidental release of oil from the existing Trans Mountain pipeline onto Barnet Highway was a source of hydrocarbons in the Footprint, Marine Sediment and Water Quality LSA and Marine RSA, as crude oil flowed through storm water dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docxv

6 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY infrastructure to Burrard Inlet, mainly affecting shoreline and intertidal habitat in the Marine Sediment and Water Quality LSA. The field survey for the Project followed a workplan compliant with requirements for an application to Environment Canada for disposal of dredged material at sea (if required) and covered an area considerably larger than would be dredged, to accommodate the various dock configurations that were being considered. Samples were collected using a Ponar grab (surface) and vibra-corer (surface to a maximum of 2 m) at 29 sites in the Footprint, Marine Sediment and Water Quality LSA and approach to the Westridge Marine Terminal, with 59 samples analyzed. Hydrocarbons were measured as LEPH, HEPH, BTEX and PAH in surface grab and core samples. All results for LEPH, HEPH, and BTEX were below detection limits; there are no BC or Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) guidelines for these parameters. Within the Footprint, subtidal sediments are relatively undisturbed as the existing berth is closer to shore. No published data for PAH, PCB or metals levels in sediment was found; however, the field surveys included nine samples from within or very near the Footprint. Total PAH levels ranged from 1.30 to 2.37 mg/kg (below the screening criterion of 2.5 mg/kg). Total PCBs ranged from less than to mg/kg, below the screening criterion (0.20 mg/kg). Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and zinc met the screening criteria and CCME sediment guidelines in all samples; however, copper levels were higher than the CCME guideline in all samples, similar to levels measured elsewhere in the Marine Sediment and Water Quality LSA and Marine RSA. Within the Marine Sediment and Water Quality LSA, potential contaminant sources include the Westridge Marine Terminal, two associated outfalls for treated storm water, the Shellburn Jetty, a combined sanitary storm water sewer overflow, and several stormwater outfalls. A 2005 study of subtidal sediment quality at the existing berth, done in preparation for dredging, indicated localized areas of high PAH: 37 samples had total PAH levels less than the screening criteria, 13 samples had levels of 2.5 to 9.0 mg/kg and two samples had higher levels (37 and 130 mg/kg). PCBs were not detected in 36 samples and were present in two samples (0.02 and 4.5 mg/kg, above the screening criterion). Cadmium levels were below the screening criterion; however, mercury was higher than the 0.75 mg/kg screening criterion in 11 of 51 samples analyzed (up to 6.08 mg/kg). Following dredging in 2006, PAH, PCB and metal levels were below the screening criteria. Intertidal sediment within the Marine Sediment and Water Quality LSA was affected by the 2007 accidental oil release, clean up and remediation. Total PAH levels were higher than the Burrard Inlet sediment quality objective (1.68 mg/kg) and the disposal at sea screening criterion (2.5 mg/kg) at several locations in 2007 near where the oil entered Burrard Inlet through storm drains (maximum of 35 mg/kg). Following remediation in 2007 and 2008, total PAH levels were notably reduced, and met the Burrard Inlet objective in 2010 and 2011, after which monitoring ceased. Metals were not measured in intertidal sediment. Subtidal sediment within the Marine Sediment and Water Quality LSA was sampled at 20 locations in Total PAH concentrations in surface and core samples (0-1 m depth) ranged from below the detection limit (0.20 mg/kg) to 3.66 mg/kg, and was above the screening criterion in only one sample. Mean PAH levels were highest in the surface grab samples, intermediate in the m cores and lowest in the m cores. PCBs were below detection in all but 16 of 39 samples (typically marginally above the detection limit, above the screening criterion in one sample, mg/kg). Zinc and chromium concentrations were below the disposal at sea screening criteria and CCME interim sediment quality dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docxvi

7 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY guideline (ISQG) in all samples. Mercury exceeded the ISQG but not the screening criterion in 14 samples. Arsenic, cadmium, copper and lead levels exceeded both the screening criteria and ISQGs in several samples. Metal concentrations were highest in surface core samples and grabs, reflecting baseline conditions in the Marine Sediment and Water Quality LSA and Marine RSA. For arsenic, elevated levels were noted at all depths sampled and throughout the sampling area, suggesting natural sediment conditions. The highest value was 1.5 times the criterion. For cadmium and lead, levels were highest in surface samples, suggesting anthropogenic sources. For copper, levels were highest in surface samples, suggesting a combination of natural and anthropogenic sources. Metals levels at the Westridge Marine Terminal were similar to those measured elsewhere in the Marine Sediment and Water Quality LSA, suggesting that human-induced changes in sediment quality occur throughout the area, unrelated to terminal operations. The Marine RSA includes all waters east of the First Narrows, including Port Moody Arm and Indian Arm, where there is a mix of residential, recreational, commercial, and industrial land uses, resulting in numerous diffuse (stormwater, vessel traffic) and discrete (regulated effluent discharge) sources of contaminants. There are also undisturbed and less developed areas in Burrard Inlet. Intertidal sediment was sampled at numerous locations east of Second Narrows following the 2007 accidental oil release, until Total PAH concentrations have been below the screening criterion in all areas except Maplewood Flats since In conjunction with that program, subtidal sampling for PAH was conducted at Westridge, Barnet Marine Park and Berry Point from 2007 to 2011; total PAH levels exceeded the screening criterion at all locations in 2007 and at one or more sites in subsequent years (up to 4.0 mg/kg). Subtidal sediment sampling conducted within the Marine RSA by the Ministry of Environment in 2002 indicated PAH levels similar to those measured after the accidental oil release, PCB levels higher than the screening criterion at two sites and metals levels similar to those reported for the Marine Sediment and Water Quality LSA (arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury and zinc above screening criteria at one or more locations). Water quality data collected from within the Marine Sediment and Water Quality LSA as part of the 2013 field program were generally similar to results collected from the Marine RSA in 2002 and The majority of metals were below BC guidelines at all sites (exception was zinc just above the BC maximum water quality guideline at Pacific Coast Terminals in November 2002; copper higher than the mean and maximum Burrard Inlet objectives at the majority of stations and nickel higher than the mean objective in winter 2009). Total suspended solids levels ranged from below the detection limit to 22 mg/l. Mitigation measures have been developed to manage and reduce potential Project effects on marine sediment and water quality. For construction, these include designing the expanded Westridge Marine Terminal to minimize the dredge footprint or avoid dredging; using a clamshell dredge and turbidity curtains to limit release and dispersal of sediment during dredging; monitoring turbidity and total suspended solids during in-water construction activities and adjusting the pace accordingly; and following erosion and sediment control measures on land to limit sediment releases to water. For operations, the primary mitigation is to treat stormwater from hydrocarbon storage and handling areas for removal of hydrocarbons prior to discharge to Burrard Inlet during operations (permit requirement for oily water separator). For both construction and operations, spill containment and handling procedures will be required for all hazardous materials. dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docxvii

8 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYM LIST Definition/Acronym bbl/d BIEAP BTEX BC MOE BC MWLAP BC BGC CALA CCME CEA CEPA CRM EIS Element EPP ESA Footprint Foreshore HEPH Indicator Intertidal ISQG LEPH Local Study Area (LSA) Mitigation measure NEB PAH Barrel per day Full Name Burrard Inlet Environmental Action Program benzene toluene ethylbenzene xylene British Columbia Ministry of Environment British Columbia Ministry of Water Land and Air Protection British Columbia BGC Engineering Inc. Canadian Association for Laboratory Accreditation Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Canadian Environmental Assessment Canadian Environmental Protection Act certified reference material environmental impact statement a technical discipline or discrete component of the biophysical or human environment identified in the NEB Filing Manual Environmental Protection Plan Environmental and Socio-economic Assessment area directly affected by construction (dredging) and operation (stormwater discharge) at the Westridge Marine Terminal riparian habitat along the shore, above the mean highest high water level heavy extractable petroleum hydrocarbon a biophysical, social, or economic property or variable that society considers to be important and is assessed to predict Project-related changes and focus the effects assessment on key issues. One or more indicators are selected to describe the present and predicted future condition of an element. Societal views are understood by the assessment team through published information such as management plans and engagement with regulators, public, Aboriginal, and other interested groups marine habitat between the mean lowest low water level and the mean highest high water level Interim Sediment Quality Guideline light extractable petroleum hydrocarbon the zone of influence likely to be affected by construction and operations of the Westridge Marine Terminal, defined as the area within 500 m of the proposed water lease expansion mean measures for the elimination, reduction or control of the adverse environmental effects of the project, and includes restitution for any damage to the environment caused by such effects through replacement, restoration, compensation or any other means National Energy Board polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docxix

9 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY Definition/Acronym PCBs PEL Post-construction monitoring Regional Study Area (RSA) Supplemental studies TEH the Project TOC TSS VPH polychlorinated biphenyls Probable Effects Level Full Name a type of monitoring program that may be used to verify that mitigation measures were properly implemented and that such measures effectively mitigate the predicted adverse environmental effects the area extending beyond the Local Study Area boundary where the direct and indirect influence of other activities could overlap with project-specific effects and cause cumulative effects on the environmental or socio-economic indicator. studies to be conducted post submission of the application to confirm the effects assessment conclusions and gather site-specific information for the implementation of mitigation from the Project-specific environmental protection plans total extractable hydrocarbon the Trans Mountain Expansion Project total organic carbon total suspended solids volatile petroleum hydrocarbon dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docxx

10 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY INTRODUCTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC (Trans Mountain) is proposing an expansion of its current 1,150-km pipeline (the Trans Mountain Pipeline) between Edmonton, Alberta and Burnaby, British Columbia (BC). The proposed expansion would create a twinned pipeline that would increase the nominal capacity of the system from 300,000 barrels per day (bbl/d) to 890,000 bbl/d. The Project will involve the construction of 987 km of new pipeline, 11 new pump stations, additional storage capacity at the existing Edmonton, Sumas and Burnaby tank terminals and the expansion of the Westridge Marine Terminal (the Terminal) in Burnaby. Should the proposed expansion be approved, the number of vessels, including tankers and barges, being loaded at the Terminal would increase from approximately 8 per month to 37 per month, 34 of which would be tankers. Expansion of the dock facilities at the Terminal will be required to accommodate this greater number of vessels. Key activities associated with the Terminal expansion are: Decommissioning and removal of the existing loading berth and utility dock. Construction of three new loading berths within an expanded water lot. Possible dredging of two small areas of subtidal substrate: Adjacent to the new loading berths to provide adequate under-keel clearance for Aframax tankers. Along the foreshore to support geotechnical stability of proposed infill area. Release of treated stormwater from the Terminal during operations. In-water construction associated with the Terminal expansion has the potential to affect marine sediment and water quality near the Terminal. The dock layout was designed to reduce or eliminate the need for dredging. Small amounts of dredging may be required over the course of the two year construction period. Methods have not been confirmed but are assumed to include clamshell dredge and silt curtains to limit the potential for release and dispersion of sediment during dredging. The planned method for disposal of dredged material has not been finalized and both land and marine based options are being considered. Stantec Consulting Ltd. (Stantec) was retained by the project consultant, TERA Environmental Consultants (TERA), to complete marine technical reports describing those marine resources that could be affected by the proposed expansion of the Terminal. The primary objective of this report is to present information on the existing marine sediment and water conditions to support preparation of a comprehensive environmental and socio-economic assessment (ESA) for submission to the National Energy Board (NEB) as part of the Section 52 Application for the Project. This technical report describes the literature reviews and field surveys undertaken to characterize water and subtidal sediment quality in the vicinity of the Terminal. This report also presents existing information on indicators that will be used to assess potential Project-related and cumulative effects on marine sediment and water quality, and that may be necessary for permitting, namely application to Environment Canada under the Disposal at Sea Regulations. Finally, this report provides recommendations on mitigation measures that could be implemented to reduce or eliminate potential adverse effects on marine sediment and water quality. dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docx1.1

11 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Overview Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC (Trans Mountain) is a Canadian corporation with its head office located in Calgary, Alberta. Trans Mountain is a general partner of Trans Mountain Pipeline L.P., which is operated by Kinder Morgan Canada Inc. (KMC), and is fully owned by Kinder Morgan Energy Partners, L.P. Trans Mountain is the holder of the National Energy Board (NEB) certificates for the Trans Mountain pipeline system (TMPL system). The TMPL system commenced operations 60 years ago and now transports a range of crude oil and petroleum products from Western Canada to locations in central and southwestern British Columbia (BC), Washington State and offshore. The TMPL system currently supplies much of the crude oil and refined products used in BC. The TMPL system is operated and maintained by staff located at Trans Mountain s regional and local offices in Alberta (Edmonton, Edson, and Jasper) and BC (Clearwater, Kamloops, Hope, Abbotsford, and Burnaby). The TMPL system has an operating capacity of approximately 47,690 m 3 /d (300,000 bbl/d) using 23 active pump stations and 40 petroleum storage tanks. The expansion will increase the capacity to 141,500 m 3 /d (890,000 bbl/d). The proposed expansion will comprise the following: Pipeline segments that complete a twinning (or looping ) of the pipeline in Alberta and BC with about 987 km of new buried pipeline. New and modified facilities, including pump stations and tanks. Three new berths at the Westridge Marine Terminal in Burnaby, BC, each capable of handling Aframax class vessels. The expansion has been developed in response to requests for service from Western Canadian oil producers and West Coast refiners for increased pipeline capacity in support of growing oil production and access to growing West Coast and offshore markets. NEB decision RH reinforces market support for the expansion and provides Trans Mountain the necessary economic conditions to proceed with design, consultation, and regulatory applications. Application is being made pursuant to Section 52 of the National Energy Board Act (NEB Act) for the proposed Trans Mountain Expansion Project (referred to as TMEP or the Project ). The NEB will undertake a detailed review and hold a Public Hearing to determine if it is in the public interest to recommend a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (CPCN) for construction and operation of the Project. Subject to the outcome of the NEB Hearing process, Trans Mountain plans to begin construction in 2016 and go into service in Trans Mountain has embarked on an extensive program to engage Aboriginal communities and to consult with landowners, government agencies (e.g., regulators and municipalities), stakeholders, and the general public. Information on the Project is also available at dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docx1.2

12 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY INTRODUCTION 1.2 Objectives The objectives of the marine sediment and water quality technical report were to: Characterize baseline marine sediment and water quality conditions in the Terminal area and surrounding local and regional study areas. Provide sufficient information to enable an assessment of Project effects on marine sediment and water quality. Provide information to support permitting (application for disposal of dredged materials at sea), if required. This report describes the methods used for the marine sediment and water quality survey, the approach for and results of field surveys, and general mitigation recommendations to protect marine sediment and water quality for the construction and operation phases of the Project. The results of this marine sediment and water quality report do not identify residual environmental or socio-economic effects nor provide conclusions regarding significance. Volume 5A provides potential residual and cumulative effects of the pipeline and facilities components of the Project on marine sediment and water quality, including an evaluation of significance. 1.3 Regulatory Standards Federal Standards Federal standards applicable to marine sediment and water quality within the Project study areas are described below. Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012 (CEA Act, 2012) The CEA Act, 2012 is a legislated environmental assessment regime, administered by the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, to ensure that federal agencies and bodies consider environmental concerns in decision-making. When Projects trigger the CEA Act, 2012, an environmental assessment must be conducted prior to project commencement. The Project is considered to be a designated project because it involves the construction and operation of a new pipeline with a length of 40 km or more. National Energy Board Filing Manual The assessment of marine sediment and water quality was designed to meet the requirements of an application under Section 52 of the National Energy Board Act, as outlined in the NEB Filing Manual (2013). Although the Filing Manual does not outline specific requirements for marine biophysical elements, it does outline the filing requirements for water quality and quantity (Section A.2.8, Table A-2). For the purposes of assessing potential Project effects on marine sediment and water quality, these requirements were interpreted in a marine context for this assessment, and focus on contaminants potentially associated with the Project that may affect water quality and applicable management plans and mitigations. The NEB provided further clarification of its requirements to consider the environmental and socio-economic effects of the increase in marine tanker traffic in its Filing Requirements Related to dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docx1.3

13 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY INTRODUCTION the Potential Environmental and Socio-Economic Effects of Increased Marine Shipping Activities, Trans Mountain Expansion Project (September 10, 2013). Fisheries Act In-water activities associated with the expansion of the Terminal are regulated under the water quality protection provisions of the Fisheries Act, specifically, Section 36, which prohibits the deposition of a deleterious (toxic or harmful) substance into waters used by fish. This Act is particularly relevant to discharges of stormwater from the site. Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999 (CEPA) The Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999 is designed to prevent pollution and protect the environment, human life and health from the risks associated with toxic substances. Many activities are governed by regulations, pollution prevention plans and reporting requirements for toxic substances. The most relevant provisions to the Project are the Disposal at Sea Regulations, which govern for disposal of dredged materials in the ocean (SOR/ ). Canada Shipping Act (2001) The Canada Shipping Act governs safety in marine transportation and recreational boating, and protection of the marine environment. It applies to Canadian vessels operating in all waters and to all vessels operating in Canadian waters. Two regulations apply to the Project, the Ballast Water Control and Management Regulations (SOR/ ) governing release of ballast water, and the Vessel Pollution and Dangerous Chemicals Regulations (SOR/ ), applicable to bilge water discharge. Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment Sediment and Water Quality Guidelines The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) publishes guidelines for protection of marine sediment and water quality, which provide guidance on safe levels of contaminants in the marine environment. These guidelines are generic and include safety factors and other conservative measures to protect marine organisms. Guidelines are updated periodically through a website (CCME 2013) Provincial Standards in BC Provincial standards applicable to marine sediment and water quality within the Project study areas are described below. Environmental Management Act The Environmental Management Act provides an authorization framework to regulate discharges and emissions from permitted operations. It includes enforcement options and environmental management tools to protect human health and the quality of water, land and air in BC. Discharge of effluent from the Terminal is managed under the Petroleum Storage and Distribution Facilities Storm Water Regulation. dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docx1.4

14 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY INTRODUCTION Disposal of contaminated sediment on land, should it be required, will be managed under the Contaminated Sites Regulation. British Columbia Sediment and Water Quality Guidelines The Government of BC publishes guidelines for protection of marine sediment and water quality, which provide guidance on safe levels of contaminants in the marine environment. Like the CCME guidelines, these guidelines are generic and include safety factors and other conservative measures to protect marine organisms. Guidelines are updated periodically through a website and are provided for marine sediment (Nagpal et al. 2006, Nijman 1990, Swain 2009) and water quality (BC Ministry of Environment [BC MOE] 2006). dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docx1.5

15 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY CONSULTATION AND ENGAGEMENT 2.0 CONSULTATION AND ENGAGEMENT Trans Mountain and its consultants have conducted a number of engagement activities to inform Aboriginal communities, stakeholders, the public and regulatory authorities about the approach to assessing potential environmental and socio-economic effects of the Project, and to seek input throughout the Project planning process. 2.1 Public Consultation, Aboriginal Engagement and Landowner Relations Trans Mountain has implemented and continues to conduct open, extensive and thorough public consultation, Aboriginal engagement and landowner relations programs. These programs were designed to reflect the unique nature of the Project as well as the diverse and varied communities along the proposed pipeline and marine corridors. These programs were based on Aboriginal communities, landowner and stakeholder groups interests and inputs, knowledge levels, time and preferred methods of engagement. In order to build relationships for the long-term, these programs were based on the principles of accountability, communication, local focus, mutual benefit, relationship building, respect, responsiveness, shared process, sustainability, timeliness, and transparency. Feedback related to the Project that was raised through various Aboriginal engagement and public consultation activities including public open houses, ESA Workshops, Community Workshops and oneon-one meetings, is summarized below and was considered in the development of this technical report, and the assessment of marine sediment and water quality in Volume 5A: Effects of expanding the Westridge Marine Terminal footprint. Pollution at the Westridge Marine Terminal. Dredging in proximity to the Westridge Marine Terminal. In addition, concerns related to the potential effects of spills on marine sediment and water quality were also raised and detailed information on pipeline and facility spills, including a loading spill at the Westridge Marine Terminal, is provided in Volume 7. The full description of the public consultation, Aboriginal engagement and landowner relations programs are located in Volumes 3A, 3B and 3C, respectively. Section 3.0 of Volume 5A summarizes the consultation and engagement activities that have focused on identifying and assessing potential issues and concerns related to marine sediment and water quality that may be affected by the construction and operation of the Project. Information collected through public consultation, Aboriginal engagement and landowner relations programs for the Project was considered in the development of this technical report, and the assessment of marine sediment and water quality in Volume 5A. 2.2 Regulatory Consultation Consultations with Environment Canada Environmental and Marine Program staff and with Port Metro Vancouver provided input into key technical aspects of the Project interactions with marine sediment and water quality. This included comments on study area boundaries, sampling methods and potential dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docx2.1

16 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY CONSULTATION AND ENGAGEMENT contaminants of concern, and development of the April 5, 2013 revised workplan for sediment characterization. These consultations are summarized in Table 2.1. Table 2.1: Summary of Regulatory Consultation Activities Related to Marine Sediment and Water Quality Stakeholder Group/ Agency Name Name and Title of Contact Method of Contact Date of Consultation Activity Reason For Engagement Issues/ Concerns Commitments/ Follow-up Actions/ Comments FEDERAL CONSULTATION Environment Canada (EC) Kristi Trainor, Head, Marine Program Environmental Assessment and Marine Programs memo to EC September 21, 2012 Project introduction, submission of preliminary sediment workplan Study area boundary, indicators (potential contaminants of concern), sampling methods None memo from EC December 7, 2012 EC feedback on preliminary sediment workplan Analytical parameters, scope of baseline information, collection of sufficient information for an environmental assessment and for a disposal at sea application Telephone meeting for December 20, 2012 Telephone Meeting memo December 20, 2012 Telephone meeting to discuss EC comments As described for December 7 Revised workplan memo to EC January 31, 2013 Submitted revised sediment workplan Study area, potential contaminants of concern, sampling methods None Sean Standing, Senior Program Scientist Environmental Assessment and Marine Programs Telephone call memo to EC March 12, 2013 April 5, 2013 Discuss revised sampling workplan (changed footprint) and project details Revised sampling workplan (changed footprint) and project details Alternatives to dredging, uncertainty in final dredge footprint Revised workplan None dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docx2.2

17 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY CONSULTATION AND ENGAGEMENT Stakeholder Group/ Agency Name Name and Title of Contact Method of Contact Date of Consultation Activity Reason For Engagement Issues/ Concerns Commitments/ Follow-up Actions/ Comments OTHER CONSULTATION Port Metro Vancouver (PMV) Kim Keskinen, PMV Darrell Desjardin, PMV Telephone call and follow-up s April 10, 2013 April 11, 2013 April 26, November. 23, 2012 November 26, 2012 Discuss revised sampling workplan (changed footprint but not finalized) and project details Review of draft sediment workplan April 5, 2013 Update on current dredge footprint and sampling plan April 19, 2013 Sampling program information Alternatives to dredging, uncertainty in final dredge footprint PMV asked for clarification of dredge depth PMV issued a permit for sediment sampling EC approved the April 5 workplan. However, the workplan was withdrawn as the level of information and commitment to final dredge footprint requested by EC for disposal at sea permitting is greater than required for environmental assessment. Agreed to follow the April 5 workplan, adding sites to assess alternative dredge options Provided dredge depth Provided revised sediment workplan Confirm disposal options for collected sediment dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docx2.3

18 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY METHODS 3.0 METHODS 3.1 Project Interactions and Identification of Potential Effects Activities associated with expansion and operation of the Terminal have the potential to directly and indirectly alter marine sediment and water quality, with the potential to lead to toxicological effects in marine biota. Terminal construction may include limited dredging to expand the existing berthing area as well as to prepare shoreline areas for infilling with geotechnically stable materials. Sediment disturbance could release contaminants present in the sediment from previous activities at the Terminal and generally within Burrard Inlet. Fuel and lubricants released from vessels using the Terminal, accidental releases of oil during vessel loading, and non-point sources such as stormwater runoff or general vessel traffic in Burrard Inlet are potential sources of hydrocarbon contaminants (including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), or metals now present in sediment. Terminal operation will include periodic release of treated stormwater into Burrard Inlet through existing or new infrastructure, potentially containing hydrocarbons, metals and suspended sediment. Vessels moving to or from the Terminal have the potential to release bilge or ballast water, which could contain contaminants or alien organisms. These activities are highly regulated and managed. The Canada Shipping Act requires the exchange of ballast water mid ocean (to control possible spread of alien organisms), so that any ballast water released while a vessel is berthed does not release alien organisms. The Act also requires that bilge water be treated to reduce oil levels to less than 15 mg/l prior to discharge. The potential direct and indirect effects on traditional marine resource use from the expansion and operation of the Terminal (including introduction of alien organisms during release of ballast water) are considered in the Traditional Land and Resource Use Technical Report (Volume 5D) Marine Sediment Quality Alteration of Marine Sediment Quality Construction of the expanded Terminal has the potential to affect marine sediment through release of existing contaminants during dredging or during disposal at sea. The Terminal has been designed to reduce the amount of dredging needed; however, there is potential for small amounts of dredging at the berths or near the shoreline to improve geotechnical stability of proposed infill areas. dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docx3.1

19 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY METHODS Marine Water Quality Alteration of Marine Water Quality Construction of the expanded Terminal has the potential to affect marine water through release of existing contaminants and total suspended solids (TSS) during dredging or during disposal at sea. Operation of the expanded Terminal has the potential to affect marine water through the release of surface water (stormwater) runoff from the site. Runoff may contain hydrocarbons, metals and suspended sediment. Of these, hydrocarbons are of particular concern at an oil shipping terminal, and are regulated in the discharge permit for the facility. 3.2 Assessment Indicators and Measurement Endpoints The assessment of potential Project-related and cumulative effects on marine sediment and water quality focuses on indicators that can be affected by Project activities. Indicators are biophysical, social, or economic properties or variables that society considers to be important. They are assessed using measurement endpoints to predict Project-related changes and focus the effects assessment on key issues. Both the indicators and measurement endpoints were selected based on permitting requirements (Disposal at Sea Regulations, Petroleum Storage and Distribution Facilities Storm Water Regulation), comments provided during engagement with Aboriginal communities, regulatory authorities, stakeholders and the general public, the professional experience of the assessment team and specific discussions with Environment Canada on appropriate parameters for assessing dredging effects (see Section 2.0). The following indicators were selected: Marine sediment quality. Marine water quality. Measurement endpoints facilitate quantitative or qualitative measurement of potential Project and cumulative effects, and provide a means to determine the level or amount of change to an indicator. The degree of change in these measurable parameters is used to characterize and evaluate the magnitude of Project-related effects. Some measurement endpoints may also be the focus of monitoring and follow-up programs, where applicable. Measurement endpoints that will be used to assess potential effects of the Project on marine sediment and water quality are described in Table 3.1 and are as follows: Hydrocarbons in sediment and water, which reflect historic and current uses of fuels, lubricants, crude oil and/or bitumen: Constituents that indicate the presence of fresh hydrocarbon product and tend to weather quickly (through evaporation, physical and biological activity); these include light extractable petroleum hydrocarbons (LEPH); heavy extractable petroleum hydrocarbons (HEPH); benzene, toluene, ethylene and xylene (BTEX); volatile petroleum hydrocarbon (VPH); and total extractable hydrocarbon (TEH), and Constituents that are persistent (PAH), and remain after the product has weathered, derived from the products themselves, atmospheric deposition or stormwater runoff. dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docx3.2

20 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY METHODS PCBs in sediment, which reflect historic contamination from various sources. Metals in sediment and water, which can be naturally occurring or result from current and historic human activities (e.g., stormwater runoff from residential, commercial and industrial areas). Sediment particle size and total organic carbon (TOC), which are supporting parameters for assessment of contaminant levels and for fate of disposed material. TSS and turbidity in water, which are naturally occurring, but can also arise from construction activities or reflect stormwater discharges. Table 3.1: Potential Project Effect Alteration of marine sediment quality Marine Sediment and Water Quality Indicators and Measurement Endpoints Indicator(s) Measurement Endpoint(s) Rationale for Selection Marine sediment quality Comparison of sediment concentrations of selected contaminants that represent bitumen and refined products chemistry (e.g., hydrocarbons [LEPH, HEPH, PAH, BTEX and VPH]), other contaminants (PCB, metals) and general sediment chemistry (metals, particle size, total organic carbon) to: Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999 (CEPA): Disposal at Sea Regulations for the disposal of dredged material (SOR/ ) CCME Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines (ISQG) and Probable Effects Levels (PEL) (CCME 2013) Draft Sediment PAH Guidelines (Swain 2009) and Objectives for Burrard Inlet (Nijman 1990) BC MOE working guidelines for sediment (Napgal et al. 2006) Potential to release existing contaminants from sediment into the water column during construction activities (dredging for the Terminal berths). Information required to assess options for sediment disposal (permit under Disposal at Sea Regulations). dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docx3.3

21 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY METHODS Potential Project Effect Alteration of marine water quality Indicator(s) Measurement Endpoint(s) Rationale for Selection Marine water quality Comparison of water concentrations of selected general parameters and contaminants that represent water chemistry (e.g., metals, nutrients, TSS, turbidity, salinity, TEH) to: Permit limits for TEH (Petroleum Storage and Distribution Facilities Storm Water Regulation (BC MOE 2004) CCME Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life (CCME 2013) BC Approved Water Quality Guidelines (BC MOE 2013) BC Working Water Quality Guidelines (Nagpal et al. 2006) Ambient water quality objectives for Burrard Inlet Coquitlam-Pitt River area (Nijman 1990) Potential to release contaminants or TSS into Burrard Inlet during construction (e.g., dredging) and operations (from treated stormwater). Effluent characteristics will be described in a required permit. Measurement endpoints are compared to the most recent sediment and water quality guidelines and the criteria for disposal at sea and on land. The disposal at sea screening criteria are used to determine the fate of sediment for disposal. For more general purposes, the most relevant sediment quality guidelines for Burrard Inlet are those provided by the BC MOE for hydrocarbons, issued during long-term monitoring following the 2007 accidental release of oil from a third-party rupture of the Trans Mountain Pipeline east of the Terminal (Swain 2009). The revised Burrard Inlet objectives are based on a review of guidelines and data from other North American jurisdictions, including CCME (2013), the Burrard Inlet objectives (Nijman 1990) and BC MOE working guidelines for sediment (Napgal et al. 2006). 3.3 Study Area Boundaries Spatial boundaries used in the assessment of potential effects of the expansion of the Westridge Marine Terminal on marine sediment and water quality are separated into three areas representing different geographic scales. The study areas are shown in Figures 3.1 and 3.2 and are: Project Footprint: the area directly affected by construction of the Terminal. Marine Sediment and Water Quality LSA: the ZOI likely to be affected by construction and operations of the Terminal, defined as the area within 500 m of the proposed water lease expansion. Marine RSA: the area where the direct and indirect influence of other activities could overlap with Project-specific effects and cause cumulative effects on marine sediment and water quality, defined as Burrard Inlet east of the First Narrows, including Indian Arm and Port Moody Arm. The Footprint, Marine Sediment and Water Quality LSA and Marine RSA boundaries are consistent with those used for the majority of marine resources technical reports, and reflect input from Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Environment Canada, public consultations for the marine elements, and professional judgment about potential geographic extent of Project effects. The boundaries define areas in which direct, indirect and cumulative effects of the Project might occur. dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docx3.4

22 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY METHODS 3.4 Existing Conditions Existing (baseline) conditions in Burrard Inlet are defined using data collected over the past ten years, and represent current environmental conditions. Earlier data are included where they provide indicators of trends over time. Baseline conditions reflect human activities that have occurred in Burrard Inlet for over a century. Industrial, commercial, and residential activities and associated infrastructure and traffic (road, rail, and marine) affect the watersheds, shoreline, and marine environment. Burrard Inlet also contains natural areas with highly valued habitat and recreational uses. Baseline data are essential for distinguishing Project effects on sediment and water chemistry from other influences and for predicting Project environmental effects. Existing data on the Footprint, Marine Sediment and Water Quality LSA and Marine RSA were compiled from literature covering 2002 to Additional water and sediment baseline data were collected in May 2013 in the Marine Sediment and Water Quality LSA, to evaluate potential effects of dredging and provide guidance on disposal options. dc \\cd1183-f04\workgroup\1231\active\em\ \report\tr_terminal\marine_sediment_water\marine_sediment_and_water_quality_westridge_marine_terminal_technical_report.docx3.5

23 Cates Park Shell Jetty Existing Loading Berth Westridge Marine Terminal Kask Bros. Cement Facility Bathymetry Proposed Westridge Water Lease Expansion Marine Sediment and Water Quality LSA SCALE: 1:11,000 m ALL LOCATIONS APPROXIMATE This document is provided by Kinder Morgan Canada Inc. (KMC) for use by the intended recipient only. This information is confidential and proprietary to KMC and is not to be provided to any other recipient without the written consent of KMC. It is not to be used for legal, engineering or surveying purposes, nor for doing any work on or around KMC's pipelines and facilities, all of which require KMC's prior written approval. MAP NUMBER PAGE 10494_TDR_SED_03_01 SHEET 1 OF 1 DATE REF. REVISION Dec SCALE PAGE SIZE DISCIPLINE 1:11, x11 SD SS SD SD DRAWN CHECKED DESIGN Existing Westridge Water Lease Footprint (Marine) Containment Boom Fill Slope of Land Reclamation Land Reclamation Projection: UTM Zone 10N; Satellite Imagery: I-cubed, 2010; Bathymetry: Canadian Hydrographic Service, 2011; Existing and Proposed Westridge Water Lease: Moffatt & Nichol, 2012; Footprint (Marine): Moffatt & Nichol, 2013; Fill Slope of Land Reclamation: CH2M Hill, 2013; Land Reclamation: CH2M Hill, Although there is no reason to believe that there are any errors associated with the data used to generate this product or in the product itself, users of these data are advised that errors in the data may be present. FIGURE:3.1 FOOTPRINT AND MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY LSA TRANS MOUNTAIN EXPANSION PROJECT

24 I N D I A N A R M P R O V I N C I A L P A R K I N D I A N A R M P R O V I N C I A L P A R K C Y P R E S S P A R K P R O V I N C I A L P A R K M O U N T S E Y M O U R P R O V I N C I A L P A R K Indian Arm West Vancouver C A P I L A N O 5 North Vancouver First Narrows M I S S I O N 1 «1 Second Vancouver «1 S E Y M O U R C R E E K 2 Narrows B U R R A R D I N L E T 3 Burrard Inlet ^_ Burnaby «7A Belcarra Westridge MarineTerminal «7A Port Moody Arm Port Moody Coquitlam SCALE: 1:150,000 m 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 ALL LOCATIONS APPROXIMATE This document is provided by Kinder Morgan Canada Inc. (KMC) for use by the intended recipient only. This information is confidential and proprietary to KMC and is not to be provided to any other recipient without the written consent of KMC. It is not to be used for legal, engineering or surveying purposes, nor for doing any work on or around KMC's pipelines and facilities, all of which require KMC's prior written approval. MAP NUMBER PAGE 10494_TDR_SED_03_02 SHEET 1 OF 1 DATE REF. REVISION Dec SCALE PAGE SIZE DISCIPLINE 1:150, x11 SD DRAWN CHECKED DESIGN SS SD SD ^_ «1 Westridge Marine Terminal Highway Paved Road Bathymetry Watercourse Existing Trans Mountain Pipeline Trans Mountain Expansion Proposed Pipeline Corridor Existing Facility Waterbody Provincial Park Indian Reserve Land of British Columbia Marine RSA (Terminal) Projection: UTM Zone 10N; Highway and Paved Road: National Road Network (BC), 2007; Bathymetry: Canadian Hydrographic Service, 2011; Watercourse: National Hydro Network, 2007; Existing Pipeline: Kinder Morgan Canada, 2012; Trans Mountain Expansion Proposed Pipeline Corridor: Universal Pegasus International, 2013; Existing Facility: KMC, 2012; Provincial Park: BC MFLNRO, 2008; Indian Reserve: Geographic Data Discovery Service, 2005; Land of British Columbia: National Topographic Data Base, Although there is no reason to believe that there are any errors associated with the data used to generate this product or in the product itself, users of these data are advised that errors in the data may be present FIGURE: 3.2 MARINE RSA TRANS MOUNTAIN EXPANSION PROJECT