CITY OF STRATFORD STREET LIGHTING STUDY

Transcription

1 CITY OF STRATFORD STREET LIGHTING STUDY THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF STRATFORD CITY OF STRATFORD STREET LIGHTING STUDY Project No.: August 10, 2010 Re-Issued

2 THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF STRATFORD CITY OF STRATFORD STREET LIGHTING STUDY Table of Contents 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY To be included after final draft review and acceptance INTRODUCTION Study Overview Comparison of Light Sources Roadway Lighting Performance Guidelines EVALUATION OF TYPICAL EXISTING STREET LIGHTING Location #1 Highway 7 entering into Stratford from St. Mary s Location #2 Erie Street moving closer to downtown Location #3 Centre Street Close to St. Vincent Street Location #4 New Residential Subdivision North of Huron St Location #5 Mornington Street Near Huron Street Location #6 Side Street Just Off Mornington Street Location #7 Last Section of Huron Road, Highway 8 Leaving Stratford Location #8 Wright Blvd between Lorne Ave. W and Packham (North section) Location #9 Wright Blvd between Lorne Ave. W and Packham (South Section) General Observations ILLUMINATION CALCULATIONS - EXISTING AND REPLACEMENT FIXTURES Overview Location #1 - Highway 7 entering into Stratford from St. Mary s Location #2 - Erie Street Moving Closer to Downtown Location #3 Centre Street Close to St. Vincent Street Location #4 New Residential Subdivision North of Huron St Location #5 Mornington Street Near Huron Street Location #6 Side Street Just Off Mornington Street Location #7 Last Section of Huron Road, Highway 8 Leaving Stratford Location #8 Wright Blvd between Lorne Ave. W and Packham (North section) Location #9 Wright Blvd between Lorne Ave. W and Packham (South Section) Location #10 Extension of Wright Boulevard ECONOMIC ANALYSIS RECOMMENDATIONS...20 Page APPENDICES Appendix A Appendix B Illumination Guidelines from RP-8-00 Fixture Cutsheets

3 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY To be included after final draft review and acceptance. 2.0 INTRODUCTION 2.1 Study Overview The purpose of this study was to assess the existing street lighting conditions in the City of Stratford as well as the performance and energy efficiency of retrofit options in comparison to the existing installations. Consideration for the use of new light sources such as Light Emitting Diodes (LED s) or Induction Lamps was targeted. This report begins by providing a brief performance comparison of LED and Induction Lamp sources with the traditional High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps that are used in most of the existing street lighting fixtures in Stratford. The report then evaluates existing street lighting (conditions based on measurement of existing illumination performance and simulation calculations) for several typical streets to assess the feasibility of fixture retrofit or replacement options. A simple economic analysis of the reasonable retrofit options was performed to identify if a retrofit program could be financially justified. Finally, this report summarizes the findings and provides recommendations regarding retrofit of the current City of Stratford street lighting. 2.2 Comparison of Light Sources A comparison of the significant characteristics of the light sources considered in this report is shown in Table 1 below. Light Source Lumens/Watt Rated Hours CRI Ignition Time Colour Temperature HPS , min 2100 LED 60 60, Instant Induction , Instant Table 1 Comparison of LED, induction and HPS light sources 1

4 2.3 Roadway Lighting Performance Guidelines The following table is taken from RP-8-00 and is the lighting industry generally accepted design criteria for roadway lighting. Table 2 Illumination Method - Recommended Values as extracted from RP EVALUATION OF TYPICAL EXISTING STREET LIGHTING 3.1 Location #1 - Highway 7 Entering into Stratford from St. Mary s This segment of Highway 7 is located near an industrial area and has been classified as a major roadway with low pedestrian conflict. The street is a standard 4-lane road and has a measured road width of 13.2 m. The existing light source for the street is typical HPS cobra head fixtures that are mounted on concrete poles along the north side of the street. The poles are spaced at a distance of approximately 38 m and are located approximately 3 m from the road edge. One 150 W HPS cobra head fixture per pole is mounted on an 8 ft arm with an estimated fixture height of 25 ft (7.6 m). The measured maximum illumination is 1.8 fc below the fixture and the measured minimum illumination is 0.1 fc at approximately 17 m from the pole on the same side of the street as the pole. Using the Visual lighting software, the existing conditions at the location were modeled and using this model the average illumination on the roadway was estimated to be 1.0 fc, and the average-to-minimum uniformity ratio is From visual site observation of the location, there are no noticeable dark spots between fixtures and the light distribution between poles appears to be acceptable, although the performance simulation does not meet standards. 2

5 3.2 Location #2 - Erie Street moving Closer to Downtown At this location, the street is a standard 2-lane road with measured road width of 12.0 m and has been classified as a collector roadway with low pedestrian conflict. Current street lighting is provided by typical cobra head fixtures that are mounted on concrete poles along a single side of the street. The poles are spaced at a distance of approximately 35 m and are located approximately 1 m from the road edge. One 150 W HPS cobra head fixture per pole is mounted on an arm with an estimated fixture height of 25 ft (7.6 m). Measurements from the site include 2.0fc at the fixture location and 0.2fc at the road edge between two fixtures/poles. The existing lighting conditions at this location were modeled using the Visual lighting software and based on this model the average illumination on the roadway is 1.2 fc with an average-to-minimum uniformity ratio of 4.0. Visual interpretations from the site classified this lighting installation as good. The performance simulation also meets standards. 3.3 Location #3 - Centre Street Close to St. Vincent Street Centre Street is located in an older residential area of the city and has been classified as a local roadway with low pedestrian conflict. The width of the road is 8.3 m and the existing light source is typical cobra head fixtures that are mounted on wooden poles along a single side of the street. Concrete poles have been installed beside the wooden poles in preparation for replacement of the wooden poles. The poles are spaced approximately 30 m apart and are located less than 1 m from the road edge. One 100 W HPS cobra head fixture is mounted on every second pole with an estimated fixture height of 23 ft (7 m). In the Visual software model of this roadway the average illumination is 0.36fc with very poor uniformity due to dark spots between fixtures. Visual interpretation of this existing installation would classify the lighting performance as substandard with significant dark areas between fixtures. The performance simulation also does not meet standards. 3.4 Location #4 - New Residential Subdivision North of Huron St. In this subdivision the existing light source is 100 W HPS coach lamps that are mounted on decorative concrete poles at an estimated height of 15 ft (4.6 m). The streets are classified as local roadways with low pedestrian conflict and the road width is 8.0 m. The decorative poles are spaced approximately 70 m apart and are located 1.0 m from the edge of the road. At a distance of approximately 19 m from the pole on the same side of road the illumination falls to 0.1 fc leaving noticeable dark spots on the road between fixtures. In the Visual model the average illuminance of the roadway is 0.36 fc with poor uniformity as there are areas of roadway with a calculated illuminance of 0.0 fc. Visual on site performance interpretation would classify this installation as substandard with large non-illuminated areas between fixtures even, with a contribution from some building mounted fixtures included. The performance simulation does not meet standards. 3.5 Location #5 - Mornington Street Near Huron Street This section of Mornington Street is two lanes wide with a measured road width of 9.0 m and is classified as a collector roadway with low pedestrian conflict. Existing illumination is provided by typical HPS cobra head fixtures mounted on concrete poles along a single side of Mornington Street that are set back approximately 1.0 m from the road edge The concrete poles are spaced approximately 30 m apart. One 250 W HPS cobra head fixture is mounted on each concrete pole on a 6 ft arm at an estimated height of 30 ft (9.1 m). The roadway is noticeably bright and has a measured illumination of 2.2 fc at the centre of the road. The minimum illumination is 1.3 fc between adjacent fixtures. Based on a Visual model of the existing lighting conditions, the average illumination of the roadway is 2.2 fc with an average-to-minimum uniformity ratio of 3.1. Visually this existing street lighting is excessive and as a result it is consuming more power than required to adequately light the roadway. This situation also increases the contrast between adjacent roadways. The performance simulation shows this installation to be in excess of standards. 3

6 3.6 Location #6 - Side Street Just Off Mornington Street This side street off Mornington Street is a residential street with a road width of 7.0 m and is classified as a local roadway with low pedestrian conflict. The existing light source is typical HPS cobra head fixtures that are mounted on concrete poles along a single side of the street. The poles are spaced approximately 35 m apart and one 100 W HPS cobra head fixture is mounted on every second pole at an estimated height of 25 ft (7.6 m). This roadway has a measured illumination of 0.1 fc in the centre of the road at a distance of 15m from the pole. Using a Visual model of the existing lighting, the estimated average illumination of the roadway is 0.32 fc with a poor uniformity ratio due to the presence of large dark spots between fixtures. Visual on site performance evaluation would classify this installation as substandard with significant dark areas between fixtures. The performance simulation of this installation does not meet standards. 3.7 Location #7 - Last Section of Huron Road, Highway 8 Leaving Stratford This section of Huron Road is 5 lanes wide with a turning lane and has a measured width of approximately 18.0 m. It is classified as a major roadway with low pedestrian activity. The existing light source is typical HPS cobra head fixtures that are mounted on concrete poles along a single side of the street. The poles are set back approximately 2 m from the street and spacing between poles varies. At the location where illumination measurements were taken the distance between poles was 52m. One 250 W HPS cobra head fixture is mounted on each concrete pole at an estimated height of 35 ft (10.7 m). The maximum measured illumination is 1.4 fc under the fixture while the minimum illumination is 0.5 fc at the centre of the road between adjacent fixtures. A Visual model of the existing lighting in this location provides an estimation of the average illuminance to be 1.1 fc and an average-to-minimum uniformity ratio of 2.2. Visual on site performance evaluation would classify this installation as good. The performance simulation of this installation meets standards. 3.8 Location #8 Wright Blvd between Lorne Ave. W and Packham (North section) This section of Wright Street is 2 lanes wide with a measured road width of 9.0 m (30ft) and is classified as a local roadway with low pedestrian conflict. There are 8 HPS cobra head fixtures that are mounted on concrete poles (7.3m (24ft) high) along the east side of the street. The poles are set back approximately 1 m (3f) from the street and spacing between fixture poles varies from 50m (160ft) to 73m (240ft) with utility pole in between; In the Visual model the average illuminance of the roadway is 0.7 fc with poor uniformity as there are areas of roadway with a calculated illuminance of 0.0 fc. Visual on site performance evaluation would classify this installation as inadequate. The uniformity provided by the existing lighting in this location does not meet the recommendations. 3.9 Location #9 Wright Blvd between Lorne Ave. W and Packham (South Section) This section of Wright Street is 2 lanes wide with a measured road width of 9.0 m (30ft) and is classified as a local roadway with low pedestrian conflict. There are 5 HPS cobra head fixtures that are mounted on concrete poles (7.3m (24ft) high) along the west side of the street. The pole are set back approximately 1.8m (6f) or 4.6m (15ft) from the street and spacing between fixture poles is 91.5m (300ft) with utility pole in between; In the Visual model, the average illuminance of the roadway is 0.48 fc with poor uniformity as there are large areas of roadway with a calculated illuminance of 0.0 fc leaving noticeable dark spots on the road. Visual on site performance evaluation would classify this installation as inadequate. The illumination and uniformity provided by the existing lighting in this location does not meet the recommendations General Observations As part of a general review of the existing lighting conditions, we toured a sample of streets in all parts of the city. From a visual only assessment we found the illumination of most of the major roadways to be adequate, but most of the local roadways to be substandard compared to standards. In most cases intersections were better lit than the roadways but sidewalks were typically worse. The roadways included in this report were selected in an attempt to provide a sample of typical conditions from various parts of the city and evaluate situations of most fixture types. It was difficult to 4

7 safely obtain measured values from the main streets without affecting traffic, so our sample group included street sections with less vehicle activity. Some specific observations made while surveying the existing lighting throughout the City of Stratford are as follows: 1) The poles upon which existing fixtures are mounted frequently vary in spacing along a single roadway, while the road width and fixture mounting height remains relatively constant. This results in inconsistent illumination while traveling the roadway. 2) In some locations on the same roadway fixture poles line a single side of the road and then transition to line both sides, or vice versa, where no change to the road width has occurred. 3) Estimated fixture mounting heights vary among different roads that are similar in classification and dimension. 4) There are some roads where the types of fixtures currently installed vary while traveling along the road, resulting in inconsistent illumination. 5) The existing lighting in the city is provided almost entirely by HPS light sources that produce the typical orange light with low CRI. 6) Retrofit of fixtures with alternative lamp sources in areas with decorative fixtures and poles would most likely require complete fixture replacement unless reduced performance can be accommodated. 4.0 ILLUMINATION CALCULATIONS - EXISTING AND REPLACEMENT FIXTURES 4.1 Overview The illumination performance models that were created for the existing lighting conditions at the nine locations listed were used to assess the relative performance that can be achieved if the current HPS fixture were to be replaced with the Cooper Street works OVH LED street light. The Cooper fixture is intended to be representative of the LED street light technology currently available on the market. We also considered use of an induction lamp source fixture such as Global Green Energy - Ecowatt. However, the photometric performance of the LED product was superior and therefore we did not pursue further evaluation of this option. For reference purposes we have shown below typical performance photometrics for the fixtures analyzed in this report for reference purposes. A typical single fixture installed at a 24ft. mounting height has been used for these samples. Figure 1 Typical Single Fixture Induction Installation 5

8 Figure 2 Typical Single Fixture 53W LED Installation Figure 3 Typical Single Fixture 80W LED Installation 6

9 Figure 4 Typical Single Fixture 150W HPS Installation Figure 5 Typical Single Fixture 250W HPS Installation 4.2 Location #1 - Highway 7 Entering Into Stratford from St. Mary s In the Visual model of this roadway, the 150 W cobra head fixtures were replaced with 80 W Cooper OVH LED fixtures. The roadway models using each fixture type are shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 below for comparison. 7

10 Figure 6 Visual model of existing lighting conditions Location #1 Figure W HPS replaced with 80 W LED fixtures Location #1 Light Source The horizontal illumination statistics for the existing HPS fixtures and 80 W LED fixtures are given in Table 3 below. Average for Average Average: Minimum for Ave.:Min. 150 W HPS W LED Table 3 Horizontal Illumination Statistics Location #1 The results of the modeling performed in Visual indicate that the performance of the LED fixture does not equal that of the HPS fixture. However, when comparing calculated illumination values it is also important to consider the superior Colour Rendering Index (CRI) of the white light LED source allows a lower average illumination still to provide the performance necessary to safely identify the roadway, potential obstacles and traffic signs. This roadway is a potential candidate for LED retrofit 8

11 with approximately 47 % energy savings being possible. However, given that this roadway is subject to significant volumes of traffic and that the existing lighting of the roadway is adequate; this work is not recommended as part of a retrofit pilot program. 4.3 Location #2 - Erie Street Moving Closer to Downtown In the Visual model of this roadway, the 150 W cobra head fixtures were replaced with 80 W Cooper OVH LED fixtures. The lighting performance models using each fixture type are shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 below. Figure 8 Visual model of existing lighting conditions Location #2 Light Source Figure W HPS replaced with 80 W LED fixtures Location #2 The horizontal illumination performance statistics for these two models are shown in Table 4 below. Average for Average Average: Minimum for Ave.:Min. 150 W HPS W LED Table 4 Horizontal Illumination statistics Location #2 9

12 The results of the modeling performed in Visual indicate that Erie Street is also a potential candidate for LED retrofit for a possible energy savings of approximately 47 %. Upon replacement with the 80 W LED fixtures the average illumination decreases but is suitable given the high CRI of the light. The uniformity of the light also decreases when replaced which indicates that the horizontal light distribution of the full cut-off LED fixture is less than that of the HPS. This lower uniformity represents reduction in performance that would be associated with the energy savings. An additional factor to consider is the presence of pedestrian sidewalks on each side of Erie Street. Examination of the above figures reveals that the existing HPS fixtures provide some illumination to these walkways while the light distribution of LED fixtures is nearly entirely concentrated on the roadway. This would be of concern if this retrofit were undertaken. 4.4 Location #3 - Centre Street Close to St. Vincent Street In the Visual model of this roadway, the 100 W cobra head fixtures were replaced with 53 W LED fixtures. The lighting performance models using each fixture type are shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 below. Figure 10 - Visual model of existing lighting conditions Location #3 Light Source Figure W HPS replaced with 53 W LED fixtures Location #3 The horizontal illumination performance statistics for these two models are shown in Table 5 below. Average for Average Average: Minimum for Ave.:Min. 100 W HPS W LED N/A 6.0 Table 5 - Horizontal Illumination Statistics Location #3 10

13 It is clear from the results of the Visual modeling that the existing lighting on this roadway is currently inadequate. There are large dark spots on the roadway and the average illumination does not meet recommendations. It is recommended that the lighting for this roadway be redesigned and at that time the use of an LED light source fixture over an HPS fixture can be evaluated with the installation of additional fixtures. 4.5 Location #4 - New Residential Subdivision North of Huron St. In the Visual model of this roadway, the 100 W decorative coach lamp fixtures were replaced with 53 W Cooper OVH LED fixtures installed at 25 mounting height. The lighting performance models using each fixture type are shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13 below. Figure 12 - Visual model of existing lighting conditions - Location #4 Light Source Figure W HPS replaced with 53 W LED fixtures Location #4 The horizontal illumination performance statistics for these two models are shown in Table 6 below. Average for Average Average: Minimum for Ave.:Min. 100 W HPS W LED Table 6 Horizontal Illumination Statistics Location #4 The visual modeling of this roadway is similar to the last location in that it verifies that the existing lighting on this roadway is currently inadequate. There are currently large dark spots on the roadway and the lighting uniformity does not meet recommendations. It is recommended that the lighting for this roadway be redesigned and at that time the use of an LED light source fixture over an HPS fixture can be evaluated with the installation of additional fixtures. 11

14 4.6 Location #5 - Mornington Street Near Huron Road In the Visual model of this roadway, the 250 W cobra head fixtures were replaced with 53 W Cooper OVH LED fixtures. The lighting performance models using each fixture type are shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15 below. Figure 14 - Visual model of existing lighting conditions Location #5 Light Source Figure W HPS replaced with 53 W LED fixtures Location #5 The horizontal illumination performance statistics for these two models are shown in Table 7 below. Average for Average Average: Minimum for Ave.:Min. 250 W HPS W LED Table 7 - Horizontal Illumination statistics Location #5 12

15 As discussed in section 2, the existing lighting on Mornington Street is excessive and is currently using more energy than necessary to provide adequate illumination to the roadway. Based on the visual modeling performed, this roadway is an ideal candidate for LED retrofit. Replacement of the current HPS fixtures with 53 W LED fixtures results in the average illumination being decreased to the recommended value while maintaining good light uniformity. This replacement represents an approximate 79% power reduction the associated cost savings are detailed in Section Location #6 - Side Street Just Off Mornington Street In the Visual model of this roadway, the 100 W cobra head fixtures were replaced with 53 W Cooper OVH LED fixtures. The lighting performance models using each fixture type are shown in Figure 16 and Figure 17 below. Figure 16 - Visual model of existing lighting conditions Location #6 Light Source Figure W HPS replaced with 53 W LED fixtures Location #6 The horizontal illumination performance statistics for these two models are shown in Table 8 below. Average for Average Average: Minimum for Ave.:Min. 100 W HPS W LED N/A 6.0 Table 8 Horizontal Illumination statistics Location #6 Similar to the new residential installation (Location 4, studied above), the existing lighting on this side street is inadequate as is evident in the large dark spots that are present in the Visual model. Since recommendations are not being met by the existing lighting, this roadway is not a candidate for LED retrofit at this time. It is recommended that the lighting for this roadway be redesigned and at that time the use of an LED light source fixture over an HPS fixture be evaluated with the installation of additional fixtures. 13

16 4.8 Location #7 - Last Section of Huron Road, Highway 8 leaving Stratford In the Visual model of this roadway, the 250 W cobra head fixtures were replaced with 103 W Cooper OVH LED fixtures. The lighting performance models using each fixture type are shown in Figure 18 and Figure 19 below. Figure 18 - Visual model of existing lighting conditions Location #7 Light Source Figure W HPS replaced with 103W LED fixtures Location #7 The horizontal illumination performance statistics for these two models are shown in Table 9 below. Average for Average Average: Minimum for Ave.:Min. 250 W HPS W LED Table 9 - Horizontal Illumination statistics Location #7 Based on the Visual model for this section of Huron Road, this location is not a good candidate for LED retrofit. The average illumination and average-to-minimum uniformity of the light is significantly decreased with the use of LED fixtures. With the current pole arrangement and these simulation results, the light distribution of the 103 W LED fixtures is not sufficient for a roadway of this width and number of lanes. 14

17 4.9 Location #8 - Wright Blvd between Lorne Ave. W and Packham (North section) In the Visual model of this roadway, the 150 W cobra head fixtures were replaced with 80 W LED fixtures. The lighting performance models using each fixture type are shown in Figure 20 and Figure 21 below. Figure 20 - Visual model of existing lighting conditions Location #8 Light Source Figure W HPS replaced with 80 W LED fixtures Location #8 The horizontal illumination performance statistics for these two models are shown in Table 10 below. Average for Average Average: Minimum for Ave.:Min. 150 W HPS N/A W LED N/A 6.0 Table 10 - Horizontal Illumination Statistics Location #8 It is clear from the results of the Visual modeling that the existing lighting on this roadway is currently inadequate. There are currently large dark spots on the roadway and the uniformity does not meet recommendations. It is recommended that the lighting for this roadway be redesigned and at that time the use of an LED light source fixture over an HPS fixture be evaluated with the installation of additional fixtures. 15

18 4.10 Location #9 Extension of Wright Boulevard between Lorne Ave. W and Packham (South section) In the Visual model of this roadway, the 150 W cobra head fixtures were replaced with 80 W LED fixtures. The performance models using each fixture type are shown in Figure 22 and Figure 23 below. Figure 22 - Visual model of existing lighting conditions Location #9 Figure W HPS replaced with 80 W LED fixtures Location #9 The horizontal illumination performance statistics for these two models are shown in Table 11 below. Light Source Average for Average Average: Minimum for Ave.:Min. 150 W HPS W LED N/A 6.0 Table 11- Horizontal Illumination Statistics Location #9 It is clear from the results of the Visual modeling that the existing lighting on this roadway is currently inadequate. There are currently large dark spots on the roadway and the uniformity does not meet recommendations. It is recommended that the lighting for this roadway be redesigned and at that time the use of an LED light source fixture over an HPS fixture be evaluated with the installation of additional fixtures Location #10 Extension of Wright Blvd South of Packham Ave. We understand an extension of Wright Boulevard south of Packham Ave is currently planned and that new lighting would be part of this program. To compare the options for installation of new HPS fixtures versus new LED fixtures, we have prepared the following performance simulations using both 53W LED and 150W HPS fixtures. For this simulation we have used typical pole spacing of 150 ft., similar to what is currently used on Wright Boulevard with fixtures installed at a 30ft mounting height. Fixtures have also been installed on every pole (instead of the current every second pole) to achieve lighting performance standards similar to lighting recommendations. 16

19 The lighting performance simulations using these fixtures and installation conditions options are shown in figures 24 and 25 below. Figure 24 - Visual model of HPS Lighting Fixtures Location #10 Figure 25 - Visual model of LED Fixture - Location #10 Light Source The horizontal illumination performance statistics for these two models are shown in table 12 below. Average for Average Average: Minimum for Ave.:Min. 150 W HPS W LED Table 12 Horizontal Illumination Statistics Location #10 17

20 5.0 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS Only those locations that are currently suitable for a fixture retrofit program from a performance perspective have been provided with an economic analysis evaluation. These include locations 2, 5, and 10 as identified in sections 3 and 4 of the Report. Although these do not include all possible situations, fixture types or performance conditions they can still be considered to provide a good representation of the options (existing over lit, and appropriate lighting conditions, and new installations) where the retrofit or installed option provide acceptable lighting performance. The corresponding payback periods should provide appropriate guidance to the City of Stratford to allow decisions to be made as to when to pursue retrofit of existing street lighting installations. To complete this analysis the following assumptions and basic cost values have been used: The analysis has been completed on the basis of current costs at current costs in 2008 dollars and has assumed no interest rate or cost of money. The cost of electric energy has been set at $0.05/kW hour. The cost to replace an HPS lamp including labour has been set at $ The cost to replace an LED lamp including labour has been set at $ To simplify the arithmetic 10 fixtures have been used for the analysis sample quantity. The fixture operating period has been set at 3500Hr/Yr The analysis period has been set at 7.5yrs (the expected life of an HPS lamp). At twice the life expectancy, the LED lamp replacement cost at 7.5yrs has been set at 50% of the total 15yr replacement cost Repair costs at damaged or defective fixtures have not been included in the analysis as both fixture options are expected to be similar. For a retrofit application the purchase and installation of the replacement fixture has been reduced by the cost of lamp replacement in the existing fixtures to equalize the starting point. These figures have been set at $ (53W LED) and at $ (80W LED). These figures also apply for a new installation. A new 150W HPS fixture installation cost has been set at $ For a new location the initial installation costs have been ignored as it is expected that these would be the same for both fixture options. Energy consumption figures have been based on lamp plus ballasts loading totals as follows: 150W HPS 180W Load 250W HPS 290W Load 53W LED 53W Load 80W LED 80W Load For simplicity, the life expectancy of fixture bodies, ballast, lens, etc. have been considered to be infinite and have been ignored in this analysis. NOTE: Cost figures referenced in the assumptions above are amounts determined from data provided by Festival Hydro, product distributors and manufacturers (reliable sources) and are typically rounded off to simplify arithmetic or represent expected average costs and thus provide realistic payback figures. 18

21 Location #2 Erie Street moving closer to downtown For this analysis, the existing 150W HPS fixtures were replaced with 80W LED fixtures. Total costs for the sample group (10 Fixtures) over the sample period (7.5yrs) are summarized in the following Table 13. Installation Existing 150 W HPS 80 W LED Retrofit Purchase Price Annual Energy Consumption (Per Fixture) Annual Energy Cost (10 Fixtures) Maintenance Cost (7.5 Yrs.) (10 Fixtures) $ kw Hr. $ $3, $8, Total Cost Approximate (7.5 Yrs.) Simple (10 Fixtures) Payback Period $ kw Hr. $ $2, $9, Yrs. Table 13 - Cost Analysis - Location #2 Erie Street moving closer to downtown Based on the above figures the estimated simple payback period for the described fixture retrofit is 23 years. Location # 5 Mornington Street Near Huron Street For this analysis, the existing 250W HPS fixtures were replaced with 53W LED fixtures. Total costs for the sample group (10 Fixtures) over the sample period (7.5yrs) are summarized in the following Table 14. Installation Existing 250 W HPS 53 W LED Retrofit Purchase Price Annual Energy Consumption (Per Fixture) Annual Energy Cost (10 Fixtures) Maintenance Cost (7.5 Yrs.) (10 Fixtures) $ ,150 kw Hr. $ $ $9, Total Cost Approximate (7.5 Yrs.) Simple (10 Fixtures) Payback Period $ kw Hr. $92.75 $2, $9, Yrs. Table 14 - Cost Analysis - Location # 5 Mornington Street Near Huron Street Based on the above figures the estimated simple payback period for the described fixture retrofit is 7 years. Location #10 Extension of Wright Boulevard For this analysis, the existing 150W HPS fixtures were replaced with 53W LED fixtures. Total costs for the sample group (10 Fixtures) over the sample period (7.5yrs) are summarized in the following Table 15. Installation New 150 W HPS New 53 W LED Purchase Price Annual Energy Consumption (Per Fixture) Annual Energy Cost (10 Fixtures) Maintenance Cost (7.5 Yrs.) (10 Fixtures) $ kw Hr. $ $3, $9, Total Cost Approximate (7.5 Yrs.) Simple (10 Fixtures) Payback Period $ kw Hr. $92.75 $2, $ Yrs. Table 15 - Cost Analysis - Location # 10 Extension of Wright Boulevard Based on the above figures the estimated simple payback period for the described fixture retrofit is 9 years. 19

22 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS As detailed in Section 2 of the report, the existing lighting throughout typical locations in the City of Stratford is widely varied in terms of providing suitable illumination levels and uniformity based on recommendations. Typical locations such as the new residential subdivision north of Huron Road, side streets of Mornington Street, Wright Blvd and Centre Street near St. Vincent are presently inadequately lit with the existing lighting systems in place, based on established standards. These locations require a re-design of the street lighting system in order to meet these standards and thus an LED retrofit of the existing HPS cobra head fixture is not reasonable given the current state of the street lighting. During the redesign process, consideration should be given to alternative lighting sources such as LED or induction rather than just continuing with traditional HPS lamps, based on the evaluations of this report. The area of Mornington Street close to Huron Road (Location #5) was found to have excessively high illumination levels that exceed recommendations. This excess of light translates to wasted energy costs. The existing fixtures should therefore be retrofit to correct the illumination levels to recommended values. This area is an ideal candidate for LED retrofit as was detailed in the software modeling and economic analysis in sections 4 and 5 of this report. An LED retrofit of the existing HPS cobra head fixtures would correct the light levels on this street and have a payback period of approximately 7yrs., after which cost savings in energy and maintenance would be available. The existing lighting at the typical location of Erie Street moving closer to downtown (Location #2) is also a candidate for LED retrofit; however, the economic benefits are not as significant as in the Mornington Street area due to the fact that the existing lighting is in general compliance with recommendations. A retrofit in such an area would involve the replacement of 150 W HPS cobra head fixtures with 80 W LED fixtures. This location is representative of many locations throughout the city of Stratford that currently have adequate lighting systems and could potentially be converted to LED light sources without a reduction in performance. The payback period for these projects is projected to be approximately 23yrs., after which cost savings in energy and maintenance would be available. The payback period would obviously be reduced if fixture replacements were required or being considered regardless of the desire for reduced operating costs. We do not recommend that such retrofits be completed on a fixture by fixture basis as mixing of the lamp sources could produce visibility issues due to colour variations even though the illumination levels would be adequate. Beyond straight energy and maintenance cost considerations for fixture retrofit decisions, new lamp sources also offer improved quality of light aspects and also add the capability for instant on off operation and dimming capability for additional control options that do not effectively exist with the existing installations. Due to the unacceptable performance reductions that would result from switching off alternating fixtures during low activity periods (i.e. after 11pm?) this is not being considered a viable option. Although both HPS (High-Low) and LED (Full dimming) are operating options that are currently available in the market place to allow reduction of illumination levels and energy consumption during low activity periods, products, costing and reliable performance details are not currently available for these options. Without field trials to determine the acceptability of these options for roadway applications or guidance form industry standards organizations (), these potential options were considered to be beyond the mandate and scope of this project/report. However we believe that appropriate analysis and evaluation of these control options could be completed over the next 5-10 years as the push for energy savings is further increased. As research and analysis of options such as these are pursued and they become commercially available, they would also become viable for further consideration. Accordingly we recommend that any new installations should include provision of future control capability to adapt to this potential added control functionality. Finally, this examination of the current street lighting system in the Stratford provides as ideal opportunity to implement more standardization of the roadway lighting system across the city. Standard pole spacing, fixture mounting heights for typical roads based on road classification, zoning location of road and road width should be established. In this way, the illumination achieved on roads throughout the city could be more consistent. 20