URBAN METABOLISM ANALYSIS WILL HELP FIND PATHWAYS FOR ENERGY- EFFICIENT WATER SYSTEMS?

Transcription

1 URBAN METABOLISM ANALYSIS WILL HELP FIND PATHWAYS FOR ENERGY- EFFICIENT WATER SYSTEMS? Water Forum, The University of Queensland Wednesday 19 August 2015 Dr Steven Kenway Research Group Leader, Water-Energy-Carbon, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland

2 SUMMARY 1. The influence of urban water on energy is significant..approximately 10% of national primary energy use. And much can be done to influence this. 2. A range of concepts, tools and methods of relevance have been developed at The University of Queensland: Mass-balance (metabolic) performance indicators provide a quantitative framework for evaluation. Quantification of direct and indirect water-energy linkages. 3. Understanding and managing water-energy links is important for energy and water strategies.

3 ENERGY INFLUENCED BY URBAN WATER South-East Queensland (1) Supply Use Wastewater Supply Residential (water-related energy) Industrial & Commercial (water-related energy) Wastewater treatment Energy (GWh) Energy ($ million) 150 3,200* 2,300* 250* (93%) * 300* 25* Collectively this accounts for: 13% of all electricity use in SEQ + 18% of all natural gas use + 4% all other SEQ energy use.(~10% of primary energy use) Kenway, S.J. Binks, A, Lant, P, Simms, A. A nested boundaries framework can quantify the urban water-energy nexus and answer key questions. Environmental Software and Modelling (In Press, Accepted August 2015). Kenway, S. J.; Lant, P.; Priestley, A., Quantifying the links between water and energy in cities. Journal of Water and Climate Change 2011, 2, (4),

4 BEHAVIOURAL MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY CASCADE WHAT WILL BE THE ENERGY IMPACT? Recirculating shower Airshower Not a product endorsement Waterless or ionising clothes washers Waterless dishwashers

5 MANIPULATION OF DELIVERED WATER TEMPERATURE 5 C COULD INFLUENCE~ KWH/HH.D ENERGY USE (MORE THAN DOUBLE THE ENTIRE ENERGY FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT). (1) Bors, J., S. Kenway, P. Lant, and F. Pamminger Temperature Variability in the Melbourne Water Network and the Impact on Residential Energy Use. In Water, Energy and Climate Conference 2014: Solutions for Future Water Security, edited by International Water Association. Mexico City, Mexico: International Water Association.

6 AND THIS IMPACTS ON ENERGY THROUGH THE ENTIRE URBAN WATER SYSTEM, AND THE WIDER CITY (2) Rain (P) 1,309 GL Evap (ET) 1,044 GL Stormwater runoff 500 GL (RS) Centralized potable water Water use 480 GL (C) Wastewater 230 GL (W) Water embedded in food and fibre Wastewater Reuse 16 GL ~3000GL Also influences energy use Potential to meet demand from Current use Rainfall Wastewater Stormwater Rainfall Wastewater SEQ 273% 48% 104% 0.1% 2% Broadly similar results for Sydney/Melbourne but Perth quite different

7 CONCLUSIONS / POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS (1) Urban water has significant influence on energy use. Most is hidden from utilities and associated with the use of water. Water end use management should be part of every urban water energy management initiative. (2) The urban water cycle and urban metabolism as a way of identifying opportunities Energy efficient urban water demands management of the total urban water (metabolic) mass balance for multiple energy benefits. As mass balance provides a quantitative analysis framework. (3) Partnership are critical to progress. Eg across water and energy research/government/industry sectors.

8 SELECTED REFERENCES Kenway, S.J. Priestley, A, Cook, S., Seo,S., Inman, M. Gregory, A and Hall, M Energy Use in the consumption and provision of urban water in Australia and New Zealand. A report for the Water Services Association of Australia. ISBN %20Water%20Energy%20Final%20Report%2010%20Nov% pdf Kenway, S.J., A. Priestley, S. Cook, A. Gregory, A. Lovell, and N. Smith Energy use in urban water, in Climate Change and Water. International Perspectives on Mitigation and Adaptation. International Water Association and American Water Works Association. PMSEIC Challenges at Energy-Water-Carbon Intersections. Canberra: Prime Minister s Science, Engineering and Innovation Council. Kenway, S.J., P. Lant, A. Priestley, and P. Daniels The connection between water and energy in cities - a review. Water Science and Technology, 63(9): p Kenway, S.J., P. Lant, and A. Priestley Quantifying the links between water and energy in cities Journal of Water and Climate Change (4): p Kenway, S., P. Lant, P. and A. Priestley (online). Quantifying water-energy links and related emissions in cities: Appendix, Parameters and Assumptions. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 2(4), i-iii. Kenway, S.J., A. Gregory, and J. McMahon, Urban Water Mass Balance Analysis. Journal of Industrial Ecology (5): p Kenway, S. J., P. Lant The influence of water on urban energy use. (Chapter 5), in: Water Sensitive Cities (C. Howe, C. Mitchell, eds.), International Water Association, London. AWE and ACEEE Addressing the Energy-Water Nexus: A blueprint for action and policy agenda. Washington: Alliance for Water Efficiency and American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy,. Cook, S., M. Hall, and A. Gregory Energy Use in the Provision and Consumption of Urban Water in Australia: An Update. A report prepared for the Water Services Association of Australia. Canberra: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Kenway, S. J., R. Scheidegger, H. P. Bader, T. A. Larsen, and P. Lant. (2013). Water-related energy in households: a model designed to understand the current state and simulate possible measures. Energy and Buildings. 58: Kenway, S., J. McMahon, V. Elmer, S. Conrad, and J. Rosenblum. (2013). Managing water-related energy in future cities - a research and policy roadmap. Journal of Water and Climate Change. Kenway, S. J The Water-Energy Nexus and Urban Metabolism - Connections in Cities. Brisbane: Urban Water Security Research Alliance. Technical Report Kenway, S. J., and Lant, P. A. (In Press (2013). Water-related energy will change our urban water systems and city design. In: Understanding and Managing Urban Water in Transition. (Q. R. Grafton, M. B. Ward, and K. A. Daniell, eds.). Springer, Canberra. Water-Energy-Carbon

9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to various supporters and research sponsors and partners* For more information: Dr Steven Kenway The University of Queensland Water-Research Foundation* Asian Development Bank ETH Zurich Bits to Energy Also, Griffith University, Simon Fraser University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of Sydney, University of New South Wales and others.