population pressures on urban water Tony Wong

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1 Water Sensitive Cities: a road map for cities adaptation to climate and population pressures on urban water Tony Wong

2 urbanisation climate change Emerging Challenges in Urban Environments

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4 An era of complexity Tailoring solutions to respond to the complex challenges of the contemporary world.

5 Climatic Extremes and Denser Urban Environments

6 how do we enhance and sustain the world s built, natural and social environments

7 A Socio-Technical Approach Trans-disciplinary & across Faculties A Vision for Water Sensitive Cities

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9 Cities as a Water Supply Catchment DSE (2008) Augmentation of the Melbourne Water Supply System: Analysis of Potential System Behaviour Melbourne Future Water Demands

10 Stage 1 restriction from 2036 DSE (2008) Augmentation of the Melbourne Water Supply System: Analysis of Potential System Behaviour Cities as a Water Supply Catchment Melbourne Future System storage levels

11 Can we find alternative water sources within next 27 years to meet growing water demands to delay construction of 2 nd desalination plant? An additional 60GL required to GL 2036 Cities as Water Supply Catchments Supplementing Desalinated Water

12 Stormwater Harvesting Brownfield, 36% Brownfield ~ 35% reduction (minimum) Greenfield ~ 22% reduction (minimum) Reduction in 2036 Water Demand Brownfield 19 GL reduction Greenfield 15 GL reduction Gain of 34GL by 2036 Greenfield, 44% Dispersed, 20% Source: Department of Planning and Community Development (2005), Regional Housing Statements Stormwater Harvesting in Future Developments only

13 Can we gain a further 20GL (~6%) from the 350GL of stormwater runoff in current built up areas by 2047? Recycle wastewater and/or implement decentralised greywater/blackwater reuse? Cities as Water Supply Catchments Supplementing Desalinated Water DSE (2008) Augmentation of the Melbourne Water Supply System: Analysis of Potential System Behaviour

14 There is a window of at least 27 years to secure alternative water sources to supplement Melbourne s water supply in a long-term sustainable solution to ensure Melbourne s resilience into the future. Strengthening current planning policies for stormwater harvesting and recycled wastewater covering all new greenfield and brownfield developments can defer augmentation of the desalination plant by at least 11 years (~ $1.7B savings). A window of opportunity

15 Our knowledge of the traditional values of open spaces and landscape features needs to be bolstered with an understanding of the ecological functioning of the urban landscapes that capture the essences of sustainable water management, micro-climate influences, facilitation of carbon sinks and use for food production. Ecological Landscapes

16 water quality improvement management of stormwater as a resource flood mitigation buffering aquatic ecosystems from the effects of catchment urbanisation and climate change influencing urban micro-climates Cities providing Ecosystem Services Ecological functioning

17 Time Series of Extremes for the Australian Region Alexander and Arblaster, IJoC (accepted)

18 Melbourne, Saturday 7 th Feb 2009 Melbourne s all-time weather record has been broken and the city is sweltering under the twin effects of high temperatures and hot north-west winds. The city hit degrees at 3.04pm - the hottest day since the Bureau of Meteorology started keeping records 150 years ago. The previous record was 45.6, set on January 13, a day otherwise known as Black Friday City swelters, records tumble in heat (2009-Feb-07) 07) [The Age]

19 January 2009 heat wave bodies to State Morgue 60 rature ( o C) & Bodies Tempe Bodies 43.4 Maximum Temperature /1 29/1 30/1 31/ January, 2009 The Melbourne Heatwave

20 Source: Ishida 1993 (AIJ)

21 Centre for Water Sensitive Cities To consolidates all of Monash University s research and development efforts in advancing water sensitive cities to built resilient to current and future challenges Think City Plan Neighbourhoods & Precincts Liveable & affordable urban renewal/greenfield developments Resilience to floods retreat/defence/control an adaptive approach Resilience to droughts diversity of water sources & enabling infrastructure Nexus between Water & Energy Delivering Ecological Landscapes flood management, water harvesting, flora and fauna bio-diversity, productive landscapes, carbon sink, micro-climate etc. Building sustainable/ self-sufficient lf ffi i t communities that t are connected A Water Sensitive Future

22 Building Flexibility & Adaptability in its water sources Cities as Water Supply Catchments Green Infrastructure Cities providing Ecosystem Services Building social and institutional capital A Sophisticated City attuned to a Ecologically Sustainable Lifestyle Water Sensitive Cities Key Guiding Principles

23 RESEARCH TO DELIVER THE SCIENCE POLICY INNOVATION PATHWAY Co ompleted FUNDAMENTAL APPLIED RESEARCH RESEARCH NUWGP, ARTS FAWB, ENG ISWR, ENG INDUSTRY OUTREACH ARTS IWC WSC Sem. Curre ent Urban Water Governance, ARTS Socio Technical Modelling EU FR7, ENG & ARTS Cities as Wt Water Supply Cth Catchmentst ENG, ARTS, SCI, Bus & Eco Biofilter Commercialisation, ENG Biofilter Demo in Israel Clearwater Water Sensitive Cities Capacity Building Partnership

24 Building Flexibility & Adaptability in its water sources Cities as Water Supply Catchments Green Infrastructure Cities providing Ecosystem Services Urban Stormwater Building social and institutional capital A Sophisticated City attuned to a Ecologically Sustainable Lifestyle P1 Sustainable Technologies P2 Climate Change Implications P5 Risks and Health P3 Green Cities and Micro-Climate P4 Stream Ecology P6 Society and Institutions P7 Economic Valuations P8 Integration and Demonstration through Urban Design Cities as Water Supply Catchments

25 P1: Sustainable Technology Professor Ana Deletic (Monash University) it

26 P2: Climate Change Implications Prof. Christian Jacob (Monash University) it We will:- develop a procedure for dynamic downscaling of global and regional climatic forecast develop a sound methodology for the assessment of uncertainties in urban rainfall and evaporation in the context of a highly variable future climate Sources of uncertainties Global Climate model Regional Climate Models Predicted Rainfall & PET Time PROPOSED METHODOLOGY Rainfall/Runoff Models Pollution Generation Models Treatment Models Predicted distribution of efficiency Sources of uncertainties: input data, model structure, model parameters, etc

27 P5: Risks and Health Dr Christoph h Ort (Univ. of fq Queensland) We will resolve outstanding issues related to safe harvesting of general urban stormwater for both potable and non-potable uses on three urban scales: (1) allotment (2) street and (3) precinct.

28 P3: Green Cities and Micro-Climate Prof. Nigel Tapper &A Assoc. Prof. Jason Berringer (Monash University) We will identify the local climatic advantages of households, streetscapes, and precinct-scale ecological landscapes & urban water management by comparison to standard/existing approaches to urban design.

29 P4: Stream Ecology Assoc. Prof. Tim Fletcher (Monash University) Assoc. Prof. Chris Walsh (Univ. of Melbourne) We will determine the impact of stormwater harvesting on the hydrology and water quality in waterways, and assess the subsequent ecological response establish the appropriate operating rules for stormwater harvesting will be developed.

30 P6: Society and Institutions Assoc. Prof. Rebekah Brown (Monash University) We will develop template of new governance and policy mechanisms to expedite a water sensitive city and the servicing models for practical application of decentralised urban water servicing.

31 P7: Economic Valuation Assoc. Prof Vivek Chaudhri (Monash University) it We will develop a framework for economic valuation of decentralised urban water solutions, as multi-purpose urban assets for current and future economic contexts of Australian cities.

32 P8: Demonstration & Integration through Urban Design Ross Allen & Leanne Hodyl (AECOM) We will demonstrate applications of a elements of a Water Sensitive City at three scales, and solve problems of their integration ti into the urban form. allotment streetscape Precinct