Hybrid State Estimation Combining SCADA and Synchrophasor Data

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1 Hybrid State Estimation Combining SCADA and Synchrophasor Data George Stefopoulos, New York Power Authority NASPI Technical Workshop Synchrophasor Data and State Estimation March 25, 2015, San Mateo, CA

2 Acknowledgement Acknowledgement: This material is partially based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-OE Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. 2/12

3 Outline About NYPA NYPA past experience with hybrid state es7ma7on. Electric Power Research Ins3tute Siemens Power System Control NYPA current state es7ma7on project. US Department of Energy Quanta Technology Electric Power Group 3/12

4 About NYPA NYPA Generation Wholesale power supplier throughout New York State and neighboring states as required by law. Provides, with genera3on and power purchases, about 25% of New York State s electricity with a mix of 70% hydro and 30% gas/oil q Niagara Power Project ~2,675 MW q St. Lawrence Power Project ~800 MW q Blenheim-Gilboa Pumped Storage ~1,160 MW q Flynn Power Plant ~167 MW q Astoria CC Plant ~500 MW q Small Hydro Plants ~83 MW q Small Clean Power Plants ~461 MW 4/12

5 About NYPA The NYPA Transmission Assets More than 1,400 circuit miles of backbone transmission throughout New York state q 765 kv Transmission ~155 circuit miles q 345 kv Transmission ~928 circuit miles q 230 kv Transmission ~338 circuit miles q 115 kv Transmission ~35 circuit miles q Total Transmission ~1,456 circuit miles q Bulk Transmission Substations 21 substations q Portion of Bulk NYS Grid ~13% (>115kV) ~34% (>230kV) 5/12

6 NYPA Phasor Measurements ONTARIO POWER GEN ONTARIO NIAGARA 345kV NIAGARA 230kV SOMERSET PACKARD ROBINSON RD 230kV NIAGARA 115kV STOLLE RD STATION 80 ROBINSON RD 115kV RICHFIELD STR VOLNEY OAKDALE EDIC MASSENA 230kV ADIRONDACK 230kV PORTER CSC STATCOM STL ADIRONDACK 115kV MARCY 345kV FRASER MASSENA 765KV BEAVER FALLS SVC MALONE MARCY 765kV WILLIS 230kV CHATEAUGAY WILLIS 115kV PATNODE SARANAC GILBOA DULEY RYAN PLATTSBURGH 115kV PLATTSBURGH 230kV SARANAC NORTHEND COOPERS CORNERS NEW SCOTLAND LEEDS ASHLY RD. VERMONT NYPA q 23 PMUs q 41 voltage phasors (+seq) q 83 current phasors (+seq) q 6 DFR/PMU planned for installation Rest of NY TOs q 45 PMUs q 115 voltage phasors q 278 current phasors SPAINBROOK EGC BUS2 138kV BUS3 138kV 6/12

7 Use of Phasor Measurements in Commercial SE Collaborators NYPA EPRI SIEMENS Synchrophasors 34 phasor measurements (10 voltages, 24 currents Data down-sampling to match SCADA rates EMS 1538-bus network 850 SCADA telemetry data Additional pseudomeasurements SE execution at EMS standard rates Use of Phasor Measurements in a Commercial (or Industrial) State Estimator, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA and New York Power Authority, White Plains, NY: /12

8 Use of Phasor Measurements in Commercial SE Project Conclusions q Nine distinct tests to assess effects on SE quality, impact of noise levels, bad data detection, reference bus impact, impact on convergence and iterations etc. q Minimal effect of synchrophasors because of the low number of available data (about 4% PMU/SCADA ratio) q Minimal effect on convergence properties q Minimal effect when phasors were included as part of initial state vector estimate q PMU data improve observability q Accuracy of PMU measurements affects SE q Time skewness effect between SCADA and PMU data q Crucial selection of reference bus 8/12

9 DoE Synchrophasor Demo Project of DNSE Collaborators Quanta NYPA EPG DoE Synchrophasors 124 NYPA phasor measurements 393 other TO phasor measurements 40% PMU/SCADA data ratio SE execution at near synchrophasor rate EMS 1600-bus network (960 NY buses) 1300 SCADA telemetry data Additional pseudomeasurements Digital status points 9/12

10 DoE Synchrophasor Demo Project of DNSE Conceptual System Architecture EMS PDC ICCP Modeless Data Conditioning EMS Data Adapter IEEE C Adapter DNSE Engine C DNSE+ DNSE Output Adapter C RTDMS 10/12

11 DoE Synchrophasor Demo Project of DNSE Key Features and Challenges DNSE+ Features q Hybrid SE: Combines both SCADA and PMU data to obtain the complete state of system using redundant information q Non-linear formulation; Non-iterative solution q Based on Kipnis-Shamir re-linearization technique q Executed at nearly phasor data rate DNSE+ Challenges q Very large, sparse linear systems to be solved q Computational intensity of equation formulation q Sensitivity to measurement noise q Synchronization of data 11/12

12 George Stefopoulos Research and Technology Development Engineer II New York Power Authority