Reasons why we care about plagiarism

Transcription

1 Reasons why we care about plagiarism Itsdishonest and unfair Its not that hard to avoid Si Science depends d on sharing, building upon the work of others, acknowledging prior work We have a zero tolerance policy toward plagiarism plagiarized assignments will receive a zero.

2 Examples news/blog As communities struggle to balance their ever shrinking budgets, investment firms and large, predominantly foreign companies are seizing the moment. Across the country, communities are being aggressively courted to sell or lease their drinking water and wastewater utilities to private companies. Since 1991, water utilities interested in profit have seduced at least 144 cities and towns into privatizing their domestic water systems. Most were in the nation's Rust Belt. But this year, a record number of communities are considering it, including some in the West: Tulsa, Okla., Fresno County and Rialto, Calif., and Comal County, Texas, are all considering privatization. Starmer, Elanor. "Keep a public hand on water." High Country News. Writers on the Range Blog, 14 Jan Web. 19 Jan < [MLA] Starmer, E. (2011, Jan14). Keep a public hand on water. High Country News. Retrieved January 19, 2011, from [APA]

3 Plagiarized or not? Recent budget troubles have resulted in communities being besieged by private and foreign companies to sell or lease their hidi drinking and waste water utilities. More than 100 cities and towns have succumbed to this onslaught. While most of these deals have happened in the former industrial heartland, moreandmoredeals deals are being doneoutwestout West. As communities struggle to balance their ever shrinking budgets, investment firms and large, predominantly foreign companies are seizing the moment. Across the country, communities are being aggressively courted to sell or lease their drinking water and wastewater utilities to private companies. Since 1991, water utilities interested in profit have seduced at least 144 cities and towns into privatizing their domestic water systems. Most were in the nation's Rust Belt. But this year, a record number of communities are considering it, including some in the West: Tulsa, Okla., Fresno County and Rialto, Calif., and Comal County, Texas, are all considering privatization.

4 Examples science There is some evidence of a sustained long term increase in stratospheric water vapour of around 0.05 ppm yr 1 from 1980 until roughly 2000, since then water vapour concentrations in the lower stratosphere have been decreasing (see Section 3.4 for details and references). As well as CH 4 increases, several other indirect forcing mechanisms have been proposed, including: a) volcanic eruptions (Considi ne et al., 2001; Joshi and Shine, 2003); b) biomass burning aerosol (Sherwood, 2002); c) tropospheric (SO 2 ; Notholt et al., 2005) and d) changes in CH 4 oxidation rates from changes in stratospheric chlorine, ozone and OH (Rockmann et al., 2004). Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK & New York, NY, Ch 2: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing, Stratospheric Water Vapour html

5 References Abdul Razzak, H., and S.J. Ghan, 2002: A parametrization of aerosol activation: 3. Sectional representation. J. Geophys. Res., 107(D3), 4026, doi: /2001jd Abel, S.J., E.J. Highwood, J.M. Haywood, and M.A. Stringer, 2005: The direct radiative effect of biomass burning aerosol over southern Africa. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 5, Abel, S.J., et al., 2003: Evolution of biomass burning aerosol properties from an agricultural fire in southern Africa. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(15), 1783, doi: /2003gl Ackerman, A.S, M.P. Kirkpatrick, D.E. Stevens, and O.B. Toon, 2004: The impact of humidity above stratiform clouds on indirect aerosol climate forcing. Nature, 432, references.html

6 Example lack of originality

7 Guidance (from handout) To avoid plagiarism, you must give credit whenever you use: (Writing Services, IndianaUniv.) another person s idea, opinion or theory; any facts, statistics, graphs, drawing any information that are not common knowledge; quotations of another person s actual spoken or written words; or paraphrase of another person s spoken or written words. Types of plagiarism i (f (after Fiero, B, 1998, Plagiarism, i web ) Type 1: Not using quotation marks Type 2: Not citing the source of information Type 3: Paraphrasing is too similar to source Additionally, Type 4: Structure is too similar to source Type 5: Over reliance on quotations No/few ideas

8 Activity Directions 1. Skim the original document Review the following statements that might result if students are asked: Assignment: Briefly describe the CAP and the role it plays in Arizona's water resource picture? (Assume that the above document is cited as a general reference by each author) Identify which paragraph the authorusedused Was it plagiarized? How? At the end, rank each statement from (5) most to (1) least plagiarized.

9 Examples Statement 2 The CAP is a U.S. government water project. Costs of construction and management must be reimbursed by the project. Revenue generated by CAP goes to repayment and to manage, operate and maintain the system. The role it plays in Arizona's water resource picture is simple. Without it, we die. (par.2) CAP was funded by the U.S. government with the stipulation that certain costs of construction would be repaid. Before construction began, CAWCD was created to repay the reimbursable costs of construction listed in a Master Contract and to manage the project when it was complete. Today construction is finished and repayment has begun. Revenue generated by CAP goes to repayment and to manage, operate and maintain the system.

10 Statement 5 exhibits original thought and understanding of the facts The Central Arizona Project (CAP) is a massive, federally subsidized, water project designed to supply Arizona's thirsty cities with renewable water supplies from the Colorado River, hundreds of miles away. Without CAP, we are forced to mine groundwater to ever greater depths which leads to higher pumping costs, lower water quality, subsidence and the destruction of a priceless resource. This project impacts all sectors of Arizona's population, from farmers to sun worshipers, from miners to you and I. While the article I read was very positive, there are negative aspects to this project, such as unrestrained growth, destruction of natural habitats along the Colorado River and wasteful agriculture. (par.1) The Central Arizona Project is designed to bring about 1.5 million acre feet of Colorado River water per year to Pima, Pinal and Maricopa counties. CAP carries water from Lake Havasu near Parker to the southern boundary of the San Xavier IndianReservation southwest of Tucson. Itisa 336 mile long system of aqueducts, tunnels, pumping plants and pipelines and is the largest single resource of renewable water supplies in the state of Arizona. (par.8) Another way CAP is positively impacting the environment is through subsidence prevention. Subsidence happens when more groundwater is pumped out of underground aquifers than is naturally replaced. Subsidence eventually results in earth fissures, damage to urban structures, disruption of natural vegetation growth, and often causes safety hazards for people and animals. Subsidence is happening all over the state of Arizona and CAP is providing the additional surface water needed to avoid and prevent subsidence in the central and southern portions of the state.

11 Try paraphrasing this in your own words As communities struggle to balance their ever shrinking budgets, investment firms and large, g,predominantly foreign companies are seizing the moment. Across the country, communities are being aggressively courted to sell or lease their drinking water andwastewater utilitiesto to private companies. Since 1991, water utilities interested in profit have seduced at least 144 cities and towns into privatizing their domestic water systems. Most were in the nation's Rust Belt. But this year, a record number of communities are considering it, including some in the West: Tulsa, Okla., Fresno County and Rialto, Calif., and Comal County, Texas, are all considering privatization. Starmer, Elanor. "Keep a public hand on water." High Country News. Writers on the Range Blog, 14 Jan Web. 19 Jan < [MLA]