Guide to green public procurement of

Transcription

1 RATGEBER Guide to green public procurement of 1 Guide to green procurement of small-scale cogeneration units for gaseous fuels1

2 This guide is based on the Blue Angel criteria for small cogeneration units for gaseous fuels (RAL-UZ 108), issued in July Despite careful fact checking, this document may contain errors and thus we cannot guarantee its accuracy, completeness or currency. Any publisher liability for any consequences arising from the information contained in this document is likewise excluded. You are permitted to copy or otherwise use the information in this guide, provided that such information is not falsified or otherwise misused.

3 Contents 1. Introduction 4 2. How to use this guide 4 3. Scope 5 4. Definitions 5 5. Environmental requirements Environmental requirements pertaining to the contract subject matter General considerations Sensible energy use Emissions requirements for NO x and carbon monoxide Heating circulating pumps Recyclability Green product design Contractual environmental requirements Adjustment and operating instructions 8 6. Proof of compliance 9 Annex: Criteria for green public procurement of small cogeneration unit modules for gaseous fuels 10 3

4 1. Introduction Cogeneration unit modules convert energy efficiently, via co-generation of heat and electricity. Hence they make an important contribution to reducing primary-energy use and carbon emissions, and to the development of decentralized energy generation. Germany s statutory feed-in tariff and reimbursements of grid-use fees saved promote economically viable operation. This guide pertains to the procurement of small-scale modular cogeneration units (as per the designation under scope ) that use fuel sensibly and whose NO x and carbon dioxide emissions are substantially lower than those of conventional power plants. The relevant product documentation ensures that an expert will be able to acoustically adjust any given cogeneration unit so as to meet the statutory noise limit values for the plant s site. Operation of a cogeneration unit engenders both airborne and structure-borne noise. The resulting noise emissions can potentially disturb a heretofore tranquil environment for the operator, and in particular for local residents. In the interest of avoiding such disturbances, each cogeneration unit needs to be constructed and commissioned in the manner prescribed by the applicable statutes and standards. Hence this guide sets forth informal criteria that aim to make it easier for an expert to carry out such an acoustic optimization. EU boiler ecodesign and energy consumption labeling regulations (2013/813/EU and 2013/811/EU), which have come into effect, lay down the testing and measurement requirements that are directly binding upon boiler manufacturers. Cogeneration units also fall within the scope of these regulations. This guide takes into account the counterpart EU standards. 2. How to use this guide This guide contains key information and recommendations for contracting authorities concerning the incorporation of environmental aspects into tender and contractual documents. The list of criteria for green procurement of small cogeneration unit modules for gaseous fuels (annexed hereto and available as a Word document from is intended as an annex to the specifications. To this end, in terms of the environmental requirements for the contract subject-matter, you need only include a reference in the specifications in order to meet the legal requirement that the deliverables be described clearly and completely. 4 Guide to green procurement of small-scale cogeneration units for gaseous fuels

5 3. Scope This guide applies to cogeneration units and systems that use natural or liquid gas and whose electrical output ranges up to 50 kw. In keeping with pren 50465, the term cogeneration unit refers solely to the cogeneration unit portion of a given installation, whereas the term district heating power plant system also pertains to a cogeneration unit combined with an auxiliary heater and a buffer collector. This guide applies to the following: motor driven cogeneration units and systems; and alternative drive systems such as Stirling motors, gas turbines, steam driven motors, ORC systems, fuel cells, and combinations of the foregoing, with or without integrated auxiliary heaters. 4. Definitions Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless and tasteless toxic gas composed of carbon and oxygen. It is generated by, among other things, incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon-containing substances and is found in exhaust emissions from assemblies. A heating circulating pump is a pump that keeps the heating cycle running by conveying hot water to radiators and removing the cooled water from such radiators. Structure borne noise is noise that is disseminated in a solid body and which, in buildings, can be conveyed by vibrations. A standard cubic meter (m N3 ) is a unit of measure for a specific amount of gas. The term refers to one cubic meter of gas under defined conditions. NO X (nitrogen oxide), or nitrogen oxide gas, contributes to global warming and smog and ozone formation. NO x occurs in the exhaust emissions of vehicles with internal combustion engines. TA Luft is short for Technische Anleitung zur Reinhaltung der Luft, an administrative clean-air regulation issued by the Federal Environmental Ministry. 5 Guide to green procurement of small-scale cogeneration units for gaseous fuels

6 5. Environmental requirements 5.1 Environmental requirements pertaining to the contract subject matter General considerations Criterion: Minimum Proof of compliance: Manufacturer s declaration and test report from an impartial or independent testing organization; such documents are to indicate the relevant product ID number. The device in question must be authorized to bear the CE mark Sensible energy use Criterion: Minimum Proof of compliance: Test report from an impartial or independent testing organization Primary-energy savings (PES) of the cogeneration unit in question under a nominal load, compared to separate provisioning of heat and electricity pursuant to Directive 2004/08/EU, must meet the following requirement, depending on nominal electrical output (P el ): P el PES < 10 kw 15 % 10 kw 20 % The primary-energy savings (PES) of a cogeneration unit under a nominal load, compared to separate provisioning of heat and electricity (P el ), is calculated as mandated by Directive 2004/08/EU Annex III in conjunction with the most recent implementing decision of the European Commission concerning the setting of harmonized efficiency reference values (current implementing decision: 2011/877/EU). The said calculation is predicated on a mean annual ambient temperature of 10 C, i.e. 0.5 percent higher than the official efficiency reference values. For purposes of simplification, the said calculation is also predicated on a scenario whereby all available electricity is fed into the 0.4 kv grid. In other words, the temperature-corrected efficiency reference value for separate electrical generation is multiplied by Emissions requirements for NO x and carbon monoxide Criterion: Minimum Proof of compliance: Test report from a recognized body Under TA Luft, the emission limit values indicated below, which are predicated on exhaust emissions under normal conditions ( K, kpa), are to be adhered to via three separate measure- 1 Thermal and electrical installation efficiency is determined in accordance with pren or DIN Electrical efficiency is expressed as the net efficiency of a cogeneration unit, i.e. based on the electricity generated at the transfer point to the public grid, from which the auxiliary power needed to control/regulate the cogeneration unit has already been deducted. Factors that depend on the manner in which the installation is used and its site specific operation (e.g. efficiency of an existing auxiliary heater, buffer collector or hot water heater) are not taken into consideration. This also holds true for conversion-pump power consumption, which can be separated out if necessary. Compliance for cogeneration units can also be demonstrated based on primary-energy non-weighted electrical and thermal efficiency for heating purposes, calculated in accordance with DIN Contrary to this standard, power consumption for a storage-charge pump cannot be separated out. 6 Guide to green procurement of small-scale cogeneration units for gaseous fuels

7 ments, under a full load (100 % cogeneration with or without any auxiliary heaters that may be present) and under a partial load (for the smallest adjustable output). The mg/m N ³ unit of measurement measures 1 mg of pollutant per standard cubic meter of exhaust. 2 Exhaust NO x and nitrogen dioxide concentrations in exhaust are not permitted to exceed the limit values shown in table 1. 3 Table 1: Emission requirements under a full and partial load Combustion system Internal combustion External combustion NO x CO Reference O 2 concentration 125 mg/m N ³ 40 mg/kwh 150 mg/m N ³ 20 mg/kwh 5 % 0 % Note: The mg/kwh unit of measure pertains to kwh of fuel energy Heating circulating pumps Criterion: Minimum Proof of compliance: Measurement protocol or manufacturer certificate Insofar as systems with an integrated circulating pump are placed on the market, highly efficient circulating pumps with adjustable RPM are to be used. The efficiency of these pumps is to comply with an energy efficiency index of EEI 0.27, pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 2009/641. This requirement does not apply to storage-charge pumps Recyclability Criterion: Award Proof of compliance: Manufacturer s declaration The following principles concerning the manufacture of recyclable technical products are to be adhered to, and set down in a written declaration: 2 G 20 (methane) in accordance with DIN EN 437 is to be used as a test gas for purposes of energy application testing. It is also allowable to carry out such testing using natural or liquid gas, provided that the fuel heat value is determined. Both the NO x emission readings and the values converted for normal conditions ( K; kpa) are to be indicated in the test report, after deducting steam moisture content. Certified calibration gas is to be used for measurement device calibration. The relevant certificates are to be submitted with the test documentation. The use of measurement-gas generators is prohibited. Measurement devices in accordance with DIN EN 267 are to be used for external-combustion engines. Contrary to this standard (a) chemoluminescence measurement devices are to be used for NO x measurements; and (b) CO is to be measured using an infrared spectroscopy measurement device. Other measurement devices can be calibrated using calibration gas, whereby the maximum tolerance for false readings is to be plus or minus five percent in the limit value range. Measurement devices and false readings are to be precisely documented in such cases. 3 Pollutant emissions are to be measured under stationary full load, with an auxiliary heater (if available) running at full blast, and without such a heater. Such measurements are to be expressed (and recorded) in mg/m N ³ and mg/kwh of fuel energy. Conformance with the aforesaid limit values under full load with and without an auxiliary heater is to be validated by an outside testing organization. NO x and CO measurements are to be based on state of the art measurement technology within the meaning of Annex 6 of TA Luft, and for external combustion devices are to employ the usual procedure as defined by DIN EN 267. Now that the EU regulations on eco-design and energy labeling have come into effect, NO x emissions can also be determined based on measurements in accordance with pren In such cases, NO x credits for avoided power plant emissions are to be disregarded. 7 Guide to green procurement of small-scale cogeneration units for gaseous fuels

8 a) Avoid non-detachable substance bonds between different types of materials b) Avoid the use of composite materials c) Assemblies should be easy to dismantle, including for the purpose of performing a simple repair d) Minimize the number of different materials that are used Green product design Criterion: Minimum Proof of compliance: Manufacturer s declaration The relevant manufacturer is required to attest in writing to compliance with the following requirements: a) Plastic product components that weigh more than 50 g are to be labeled with a code in accordance with DIN EN ISO and DIN ISO 1629 (for rubber) or DIN ISO 2076 (for chemical fibers). b) Under Article 4 of Directive 2011/65/ EU, cadmium, lead, mercury, chrome VI, and the flame retardants PBB and PBDE are not to be used in installations, subject to the tolerances set forth in Annex II of Directive 2011/65/EU. 5.2 Contractual environmental requirements Adjustment and operating instructions Criterion: Minimum Proof of compliance: Provisioning of adjustment and operating instructions Adjustment and operating instructions are to be provided. Operating instructions for end customers are to contain information concerning the performance of periodic inspections and maintenance. Copies of the relevant commissioning training materials can be provided in lieu of adjustment instructions. Operating instructions are to contain advisories concerning proper disposal of installation waste. 8 Guide to green procurement of small-scale cogeneration units for gaseous fuels

9 6. Proof of compliance Such proof is to demonstrate that the information provided or the solution recommended meets the requirements laid down in the specifications. Such proof should normally be submitted with the bid, 4 although the customer can request it afterward. Proof of compliance with the mandated criteria can be provided, depending on the criterion in question, via (for example) manufacturer declarations or test reports from a recognized body. Any test report from an authorized body should originate from an impartial and accredited testing organization, pursuant to DIN EN ISO/ IEC 17025, for the gas consumption installation testing domain, as well as in accordance with Directive 2009/142/EU. Alternatively, the mandated measurements can be carried out by an academic expert in the field of combustion technology/small cogeneration units, provided that such expert has at his disposal the necessary test stands and analyzers. The customer needs to assess on a case by case basis the extent to which the envisaged monetary value of the contract in question justifies the expense of carrying out the measurements recommended here. Under Article 8(5) VOL/A-EG (and for the below-threshold range as well), it can be assumed that small cogeneration units that have the Blue Angel eco-label demonstrably meet the criteria set forth here. Hence no separate proof of compliance need be submitted for such products. The following wording could be used in a tender document in this regard: For products that have the Blue Angel eco-label, it is presumed that the environmental criteria referred to here have been met. Any other suitable proof of compliance such as the manufacturer s technical documentation or test reports from recognized bodies within the meaning of Article 8(6) VOL/A-EG is likewise acceptable. Please note that while the Blue Angel eco-label and other suitable elements may be used as proof of compliance, they are not a substitute for incorporating the aforesaid technical specifications into the specifications; nor is a mere reference to the relevant Blue Angel eco-label basic award criteria allowable. 5 4 See Article 16(3)(a) VOL/A and Article 19(3)(a) VOL/A-EG. 5 Article 7(1) VOL/A and Article 8(1) VOL/A-EG stipulate that the mandated deliverables are to be clearly and completely described so as to ensure that the various bids can be compared with each other. The reference options that are nonetheless available for procurement exceeding the Community thresholds are governed in detail by predefined technical specifications (see Article 8(2)(1) VOL/A-EG in conjunction with Annex TS). Hence references to eco-label basic award criteria are inadmissible. 9 Guide to green procurement of small-scale cogeneration units for gaseous fuels

10 Annex: Criteria for green public procurement of small cogeneration unit modules for gaseous fuels No. Criterion Minimum criterion Award criterion 1 General The device in question must be authorized to bear the CE mark. 2 Requirements for sensible energy use Primary-energy savings (PES) of the cogeneration unit in question under a nominal load, as opposed to separate provisioning of heat and electricity pursuant to Directive 2004/08/EU, must meet the following requirement, depending, on nominal electrical output (P el ) 6 : P el PES < 10 kw 15 % 10 kw 20 % 6 The primary-energy savings (PES) of a cogeneration unit under a nominal load, compared to separate provisioning of heat and electricity pursuant (P el ), are calculated as mandated by Directive 2004/08/EU Annex III in conjunction with the most recent implementing decision of the European Commission concerning the setting of harmonized efficiency reference values (the currently valid implementing decision is 2011/877/EU). The said calculation is predicated on a mean annual ambient temperature of 10 C, i.e. 0.5 percent higher than the published efficiency reference values. For purposes of simplification, the said calculation is also predicated on a scenario whereby all available electricity is fed into the 0.4 kv grid. In other words, the temperature-corrected efficiency reference value for separate electrical generation is multiplied by Thermal and electrical installation efficiency is determined in accordance with pren or DIN Electrical efficiency is expressed as the net efficiency of a cogeneration unit, i.e. based on the electricity generated at the transfer point to the public grid, from which the auxiliary power needed to control/regulate the cogeneration unit has already been deducted. Factors that depend on the manner in which the installation is used and its site specific operation (e.g. efficiency of an existing auxiliary heater, buffer collector or hot water heater) are not taken into consideration. This also holds true for circulating-pump power consumption, which can be separated out if necessary. Compliance for cogeneration units can also be demonstrated based on primary-energy non-weighted electrical and thermal efficiency for heating purposes, calculated in accordance with DIN Contrary to this standard, power consumption for a storage-charge pump cannot be separated out. 10 Guide to green procurement of small-scale cogeneration units for gaseous fuels

11 No. Criterion Minimum criterion Award criterion 3 Emission requirements Exhaust NO x and nitrogen dioxide concentrations in exhaust are not to exceed the limit values shown in the following table 7 : Combustion method Internal combustion NO x CO 125 mg/m N ³ 150 mg/m N ³ 5 % Reference O 2 concentration External combustion 40 mg/kwh 20 mg/kwh 0 % Note: The mg/kwh unit of measure pertains to kwh of fuel energy. Testing is conducted under a full load (100 % cogeneration with or without any auxiliary heaters that may be present) and under a partial load (for the smallest adjustable output). The mg/mn³ unit of measurement measures 1 mg of pollutant per standard cubic meter of exhaust. 8 7 Emission readings are to be expressed as mg/mn³ and as mg/kwh of fuel energy. Compliance with the limit values in the table is to be validated by an outside testing organization. NO x and CO measurements are to be based on state of the art measurement technology within the meaning of Annex 6 of TA Luft, and for external combustion devices are to employ the usual procedure as defined by DIN EN 267. NO x emissions can also be determined based on measurements in accordance with pren In such cases, NO x credits for avoided power plant emissions are to be disregarded. 8 G 20 (methane) in accordance with DIN EN 437 is to be used as a test gas for purposes of energy application testing. It is also allowable to carry out such testing using natural or liquid gas, provided that the fuel heat value is determined. Both the NO x emission readings and the values converted for normal conditions ( K; kpa) are to be indicated in the test report, after deducting steam moisture content. Certified calibration gas is to be used for measurement device calibration. The relevant certificates are to be submitted with the test documentation. The use of measurement-gas generators is prohibited. Measurement devices in accordance with DIN EN 267 are to be used for external-combustion engines. Contrary to the said standard (a) chemoluminescence measurement devices are to be used for NO x measurements; and (b) CO is to be measured using an infrared spectroscopy measurement device. Other measurement devices can be calibrated using calibration gas, whereby the maximum tolerance for false readings is to be plus or minus five percent in the limit value range. Measurement devices and false readings are to be precisely documented in such cases. 11 Guide to green procurement of small-scale cogeneration units for gaseous fuels

12 No. Criterion Minimum criterion Award criterion 4 Heating circulating pumps Insofar as a system with an integrated circulating pump is placed on the market, highly efficient circulating pumps with adjustable RPM are to be used. The efficiency of these pumps is to comply with an energy efficiency index of EEI 0.27, pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 2009/641. This requirement does not apply to storage-charge pumps. 5 Recyclability The following principles concerning the manufacture of recyclable technical products are to be adhered to: a) Avoid non-detachable substance bonds between different types of materials b) Avoid the use of composite materials c) Assemblies should be easy to dismantle, including for the purpose of carrying out a simple repair d) Minimize the number of different materials that are used 6 Green product design The manufacturer is required to attest in writing to compliance with the following requirements: a) Plastic product components that weigh more than 50 g are to be labeled with a code in accordance with DIN EN ISO and DIN ISO 1629 (for rubber) or DIN ISO 2076 (for chemical fibers). b) Under Article 4 of Directive 2011/65/EU, cadmium, lead, mercury, chrome VI and the flame retardants PBB and PBDE are not to be used in installations, subject to the tolerances set forth in Annex II of Directive 2011/65/EU. 12 Guide to green procurement of small-scale cogeneration units for gaseous fuels

13 Imprint Publisher: Umweltbundesamt Fachgebiet III 1.3 Postfach Dessau-Roßlau Tel: Internet: /umweltbundesamt.de /umweltbundesamt Design and Layout: KOMAG mbh Berlin Link to publication: document/guide-to-small-scale-cogenerationunits Photo credits: Cover: Nomad_Soul Fotolia.com Last updated: 31 August 2013

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