Combining MFA, LCA and optimization techniques to improve MSW management in Switzerland

Transcription

1 Engineering Conferences International ECI Digital Archives Life Cycle Assessment and Other Assessment Tools for Waste Management and Resource Optimization Proceedings Combining MFA, LCA and optimization techniques to improve MSW management in Switzerland Melanie Haupt ETH Zurich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland, Carl Vadenbo ETH Zurich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland Stefanie Hellweg ETH Zurich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Melanie Haupt, Carl Vadenbo, and Stefanie Hellweg, "Combining MFA, LCA and optimization techniques to improve MSW management in Switzerland" in "Life Cycle Assessment and Other Assessment Tools for Waste Management and Resource Optimization", Professor Umberto Arena, Second University of Naples, Italy Professor Thomas Astrup, Denmark Technical University, Denmark Professor Paola Lettieri, University College London, United Kingdom Eds, ECI Symposium Series, (2016). This Abstract and Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Proceedings at ECI Digital Archives. It has been accepted for inclusion in Life Cycle Assessment and Other Assessment Tools for Waste Management and Resource Optimization by an authorized administrator of ECI Digital Archives. For more information, please contact

2 Combining MFA, LCA and optimization techniques to improve MSW management in Switzerland Life Cycle Assessment and Other Assessment Tools for Waste Management and Resource Optimization - ECI Conference, June , Cetraro Italy Melanie Haupt

3 Introduction rest paper and cardboard plastics tinplate aluminum (Al) glass household consumption MSWI separate (Al & tinplate) separate separate bottom ash treatment paper separate separation glass bottle mixed color single color flue gas treatment tinplate glass scrap metals fibres recyclate (low quality) export export (aluminium) cullets for foam glass glass cullets for air cleaning export (used) recyclate (1 st quality) tin ferrous scrap bottles for washing export (cullets) displaced product systems Melanie Haupt

4 Introduction MFA LCA optimization identification of possible treatment and pathways processes in place today transfer coefficients of processes LCA for all treatments and processes: open- and closed-loop, in Switzerland or export; current and future several impact categories are used, e.g. IPCC 2013, CExD, ReCiPe and Usetox environmentally optimal Swiss waste management in 2012, 2020, 2035 and 2050 pareto front for multiobjective optimisation (if relevant) Melanie Haupt

5 Why optimisation? (Vadenbo et al. 2014) to facilitate the systematic identification of configurations that minimize the system-wide environmental impact to explicitly reflect the system- and process-specific constraints imposed upon the optimal solutions to analyse the conflicting environmental objectives to systematically identify trade-offs Melanie Haupt

6 Example subsystem: PET bottle Why PET? data availability today a separate system Key figures t (incl. residues) collected in 2012, t recycled rate: 85%, rate 69% blue/white: closed-loop possible brown/green: only open-loop possible Melanie Haupt

7 PET subsystem: MFA MFA submitted for publication if you wish further information, please contact me Transfer coefficients closed-loop PET PET, used, at consumer - PET, mixed, at sorting facility - PET, sorted, mixed colours - PET, sorted, by colour -1 R-PET bottle grade 0.68 R-PET amorphous 0.19 residues 0.05 PE, sorted, at PET 0.07 metals, sorted, at PET 0.02 Melanie Haupt

8 PET subsystem: LCA MSW PET Glass paper/cardboard Metals MSWI Plastics coll. retailer kerbside kerbside mixed kerbside MSWI eff. class 1 all mixed coll. municipalities central central mixed separation MSWI eff. class 2 all mixed w/o PET open-loop foam glass production single kerbside Al MSWI eff. class 3 foils closed-loop packaging glass prod. indiv. central colleciton tinplate PE / PET export () export ( 1) cardboard detining PET MSWI 1 export ( 2) paper of Fe scrap PE Melanie Haupt

9 PET subsystem environmental optimisation processes activity levels of processes flows impact categories technology matrix matrix E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E LCA of processes E E E E+07-8E E E E+07-7E E E E constraints: capacities today, but also future scenarios! Melanie Haupt

10 Example PET Sample results Melanie Haupt

11 normalized environmental benefit Example PET Sample results IPCC '13 CExD tot USEtox ET USEtox HH PET 2012 PET optimized Melanie Haupt

12 Conclusions Combination of MFA, LCA and optimisation allows for system level perspective optimisation Combination of STAN 2, python and brightway2 and GAMS ensures maximum flexibility PET case study: optimal treatment according to all indicators is closed-loop. Technological and capacity restrictions apply. Melanie Haupt

13 We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (NRP 70). Thank you for your attention!