Design, Construction, and Experimental Testing of a Parabolic Trough Collector for Process Heat Applications

Transcription

1 ISSN (Pint) : Intentionl Jounl of Innovtive Resech in Science, Engineeing nd Technology (n ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Ogniztion) Vol. 5, Issue 9, Septembe 2016 Design, Constuction, nd Expeimentl Testing of Pbolic Tough Collecto fo Pocess Het pplictions Husni T. Izweik 1, hmed M. hmed 2,3, bdelhfeed.lbusefi 3 Lectue, Dept. of Mechnicl Engineeing, Sbth Engineeing College, Sbth Univesity, Liby 1 ssistnt Pofesso, Dept. of Mechnicl Engineeing, Fculty of Engineeing Science, Nyl Univesity, Sudn 2 ssistnt Pofesso, Dept. of Mechnicl Engineeing, Sbth Engineeing College, Sbth Univesity, Liby 3 BSTRCT: One of the most impotnt pplictions of the sol enegy is the Pbolic Tough Collecto. Duing lst decdes until now; thee e sevel pomising developments in the field of the Pbolic Tough Collectos nd thei pplictions. In this esech ppe design, constuction nd testing of two Pbolic Tough Collectos fbicted fom the vilble locl mteils hs been expeimentlly investigted unde locl climte conditions of Sbth City in Liby (ltitude 32.8 N, longitude 12.5 E). Wte is choosen s the het tnsfe fluid, nd the testing peiod tken fom 30 th of Decembe 2015 to 5 th of pil The testing esults showed tht the mximum instntneous theml efficiency eched 52.7% fo diect sol dition of 243 W/m 2 t flow te of 0.24 L/min t 10:00 M on 4 th of Jnuy Moeove, mximum outlet tempetue eched 88.1 C fo diect sol dition of 944 W/m 2 t flow te of 0.24 L/min t 1:00 PM on 30 Mch Bsed on these esults, Liby holds el potentil fo the PTC technology to meet the incesing demnd fo wte heting systems. KEYWORDS: Pbolic Tough Collecto, wte outlet tempetue, collecto theml Efficiency, Collecto Design. I. INTRODUCTION Pbolic Tough Collectos (PTC) e devices use metl sheet mios o luminum foil sheets in the shpe of pbolic shpes to eflect nd concentte sun ditions towds eceive tube locted t the focus of the pbolic cylinde. The eceive bsobs the sol dition nd tnsfoms it into theml enegy which ws tnspoted by fluid medium flowing though the eceive tube. This method of concentted sol collection hs the dvntge of high efficiency nd low cost. Theefoe, PTC is the leding technology fo lge scle exploittion of sol enegy, nd cuently becme the most poven sol theml technology fo sol stem genetion. Liby is one of the biggest counties in fic with n e bout 1,760,000 km 2, lies between ltitudes 19 nd 34 N, nd longitudes 9 nd 26 E. The totl vege of globl sol idince on the hoizontl sufce nges between kwh/m 2 [1], [2]. These vlues coespond to vege dily nge between 5 nd 7 kwh/m 2.dy, Thus, it owns get potentil of sol enegy. Recent studies hve shown tht the significnce of enewble enegy esouces epesents the best ltentive to tditionl fossil fuel in Liby [3]. The demnd of enegy fo wte heting nd iconditioning is one of the min es fo enegy consumption which is popotionl to the vilbility of sol dition duing the dy. Intoducing enewble enegies on the housing nd industil sectos should led to enegy svings. Theefoe, sol theml systems becme one of the most ttctive solutions fo these poblems. The ppliction of PTCs cn be divided into two min goups[4]: the fist goup is the industil pocesses tht need tempetue nging fom 100C to 250C in thei pocesses like spce heting, cooling, dying, nd efigetion. The second goup is the pbolic tough sol powe genetion tht equies tempetues nging fom 300C to 400C which is the min ppliction of the concentted sol powe technology. The PTC hs been designed nd studied nlyticlly nd expeimentlly by mny investigtos sevel decdes go. In his ppe, Tedwell consideed Copyight to IJIRSET DOI: /IJIRSET

2 ISSN (Pint) : Intentionl Jounl of Innovtive Resech in Science, Engineeing nd Technology (n ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Ogniztion) Vol. 5, Issue 9, Septembe 2016 how opticl nd theml effects influence the efficiency of PTC [5]. He found tht im ngles of 90 minimized the mximum distnce between the pbolic eflecto nd the focus. Since the eceive dimete is popotionl to this distnce, theml losses, which e popotionl to the dimete itself, e educed. Clk studied the pinciple design fctos tht influence the pefomnce of PTC[6]. Fctos like spectl diectionl eflectivity of the mio, the mio-eceive tube intecept fcto, the end loss, the incident ngle modifie, eceive tube mislignment, nd effect of tcking eos e consideed fo this nlysis. Klogiou et l. pesented PTC design with high stiffness-to-weight tio nd low-lbo mnufctuing pocess[7]. The stuctue ws mde of polyeste esin nd woven fibeglss cloth, with plstic conduits tht povide einfocement. Vln su nd Sonkum pesented simple, low-cost hnd lyup method fo mnufctuing PTC [8] bsed on the pevious wok of Klogiou et l. [7]. The design poposed consists of smooth 90 im ngle, einfoced pbolic tough mde of lyes of polyeste esin nd chopped stnd fibeglss. In ppe published in the sme ye [9], the uthos outlined design optimiztion method bsed on thee pmetes: the collecto petue, the im ngle, nd the eceive dimete. They lso poposed tcking mechnism with contol system consisting of thee light dependent esistos. toque box stuctue ws lso used by Books et l. with mix of dvnced nd less sophisticted technologies to mnufctue eflecto mde of stinless steel sheets coveed with the luminium film[10]. This solution gnts ccessibility, ccucy, ese of fbiction, nd cost eduction. The uthos lso epoted tht the instntneous theml efficiency fo low-tempetue PTC tht uses glss cove does not tnslte into significnt incese in the efficiency of tempetues ne 100 o C. P. Bendt et l.[11] epoted n excellent ppliction of the PTC fo line-focus sol concenttos in Sol Enegy Resech Institute (SERI). Venegs-Reyes et l. descibed light but obust stuctue of luminum mde only using hnd tools designed fo low-enthlpy stem genetion nd hot wte[12]. This PTC hs im ngle of 45 o nd the eceive without glss cove to educe costs. In nothe wok published in 2013 [13], the uthos pesented five PTCs fo the sme pupose; thee of them hve im ngle of 90 o nd the othe two hve im ngle of In the constuction nd ssembly of both collectos, only hnd tools e equied. The design of both collectos consides unshielded eceives nd without glss cove to educe mnufctuing nd tnspottion costs. They cied out theml nd opticl nlyses fo ech collecto, nd the esults showed the pek efficiency of 35% nd 67% fo the PTC with im ngle of 45 o nd 90 o espectively. Recently, Ginluc Cocci et l.[14] pesented pototype of PTC with 90 im ngle nd concenttion tio of 9.25 built fom fibeglss nd extuded polystyene, clled UNIVPM.01, with tcking system bsed on sol position compute pogm. The min fetues of thei pototype e its cost-effectiveness, low weight, high mechnicl esistnce, nd ese of mnufctue. The theml efficiency of PTC is deived nd found to be in the fom of line eqution with intecept is 0.658, nd the slope is 0.683which is compble to othe simil collectos vilble in the litetue. hmed M. hmed et l. [15] un n expeimentl evlution of PTC unde Libyn climte in the winte seson. They used wte s het tnsfe fluid. Thei expeimentl esults showed tht the mximum instntneous theml efficiency eched 43.9% fo diect sol dition of 474 W/m2t flow te of 14.4kg/h, nd the mximum outlet tempetue eched 79.5 C fo diect sol dition of 650W/m2 t flow te of 14.4kg/h. They stted tht Liby holds el potentil fo the PTC technology to meet the incesing demnd fo wte heting. The fist objective of this ppe is to design, constuct, nd test PTC fbicted t the Sbth Engineeing College t Sbth Univesity. The secondy objectives e to poduce medium wte tempetue fo esidentil nd industil pocesses. II. PTC DESIGN pototype PTC is mde fom vilble locl mteils. The collecto is designed with simple pbolic equtions. coss section of PTC is shown in Fig. 1. whee vious impotnt fctos e shown. The incident dition on the PTC t the im of the collecto (whee the mio dius, is mximum) mkes n ngle, with the cente line of the collecto, which is clled the im ngle. Fom geometicl eltions of the pbolic section, the eqution of the pbol in tems of the coodinte system is given s: 2 x 4 f y By substituting h 2 /(16 f ) y h egding the focl length nd petue dimete is x / 2 : 1 2 Copyight to IJIRSET DOI: /IJIRSET

3 ISSN (Pint) : Intentionl Jounl of Innovtive Resech in Science, Engineeing nd Technology (n ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Ogniztion) Vol. 5, Issue 9, Septembe 2016 Fo pbolic eflecto, the dius,, shown in Fig. 1. is given by: 2 f 1 cos Whee is the ngle between the eflected bem nd the collecto xis t the focus. s vies fom 0 to, inceses fom f to, theefoe, eqution (3) become 2 f 4 1 cos nothe pmete elted to the im ngle is the petue of the pbol, ( ). Fom Fig. 1. nd simple tigonomety, it cn be found tht: 2 Sin 5 By substituting eqution (4) into eqution (5) gives the following: 4 f sin 6 1 cos tn 2 4 f The Geometicl concenttion tio C is the tio of the petue e C ec Do The cuve length (S) of the eflective sufce is given by: [22] H S sec( ).tn( ) Insec( ) tn( ) Whee H is the lctus ectum of the pbol which is clculted by: H f tn / 2, to the eceive sufce e 4 (10) P Fo the sme petue width, vious im ngles e possible s shown in Fig. 2. It is lso shown tht, fo diffeent im ngles, the focus-to-petue tio, which defines the cuvtue of the PTC chnges. It cn be nnounced tht, with im ngle 90, the men focus-to-eflecto distnce is minimized. The collecto sufce e deceses s the im ngle is decesed. Thee is thus tempttion to use smlle im ngles becuse the scifice in opticl efficiency is smll, but the sving in eflective mteil cost is get[16]. ec (9) Fig. 1: Pbol focl length nd cuvtue Fig. 2:Coss-section of the PTC with cicul eceive Copyight to IJIRSET DOI: /IJIRSET

4 ISSN (Pint) : Intentionl Jounl of Innovtive Resech in Science, Engineeing nd Technology (n ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Ogniztion) Vol. 5, Issue 9, Septembe 2016 III. PTC CONSTRUCTION The constuction nd ssembly of the PTC e done t the wokshop of the mechnicl engineeing deptment t Sbth Engineeing College t Sbth Univesity. The body of the fist PTC is mde of 10 pieces of plywood tded in pbolic shpes s shown in fig.3(), fixed in equl spces by 4 solid steel ods nd wooden pltes 3 m length t both length sides s shown in fig.3(b). This ssembly llows the PTC to be djusted nd vying its slope though mnul tcking pocess. The eflecting sufce is mde of Fomic sheet2.8 m length nd 1.04 m width which gives n effective petue e of m 2 coted by bight luminum foil with eflectivity vlue 0.85s shown in fig.3 (c). The second PTC is mde fom thin steel sheet 2.0 mm thickness, 2.0m length nd 1.04 m width coted by bight luminum foil with the sme popeties s fist PTC. The eflecting sufce petue effective e is 2.08m 2. The whole ngements e fitted on steel fme consists of two mechnicl ssemblies: sttiony bse ssembly nd moving ssembly s shown in Fig.3 (d). The two ssemblies hve the sme opticl chcteistics. Theefoe, they e nged in seies s illustted in fig. 4, nd thei eceives e connected by flexible tube to give totl length of 4.8m. () (b) (c) (d) Fig. 3. : PTC Constuction () Tcing the pbolic shpe, (b) Fixing the pbolic sufce (c) Coting the pbolic sufce with eflecto, (d) Steel fme pbolic collecto. mild steel tube ws selected fom the vilble locl tubes to seve s eceive with n intenl dimete D i m D o m 0.9 nd theml conductivity, extenl dimete, bsoptivity, emissivity ec 80W / m. c 0 k ec. It is cceptble ccoding to the petue width to give geometicl concenttion tio of The eceive used in this study is chosen to be without glss cove. In fct, the ovell het loss coefficient could be impoved by using glss-shielded eceive. Howeve, consideing the tempetue nge fo heting wte puposes between 70 nd 110 o C, it is possible to conside tht dding glss-shielded tube is not necessy becuse its fbiction in developing counties like Liby is difficult, nd must be impoted fom bod. The eceive tube ws pinted with blck pint, insulted fom its uppe e nd fixed t the eflecto focl length, to eceive the sol dition fom the eflecto. Copyight to IJIRSET DOI: /IJIRSET

5 ISSN (Pint) : Intentionl Jounl of Innovtive Resech in Science, Engineeing nd Technology (n ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Ogniztion) Vol. 5, Issue 9, Septembe 2016 Fig. 4: Finl setup of the expeimentl wok The tio of focl length to petue ws selected fom fig. 2. to be ( f / ) 0. 5 then the im ngle ws clculted fom eqution (7), the im dius fom eqution (4). pbol lctus ectum H fom eqution (10). geometicl concenttion tio C ws clculted fom eqution (8). The chcteistics of the designed model hve the following vlues s given in Tble 1. The petue width fom eqution (5), the The cuve length of the pbol S fom eqution (9) nd Tble1: Geometicl Chcteistics of the PTC model Chcteistic Symbol Vlue petue width (m) 1.0 petue e (m 2 ) Collecto height(m) h Collecto Length(m) L 4.8 Focl length(m) f 0.5 Geometicl concenttion tio C Pbol cuve length(m) S 1.04 Pbol lctus ectum(m) H 1.0 Receive e (m 2 ) ec Receive inne dimete(m) D Receive oute dimete(m) Rim ngle( 0 ) Rim dius(m) i D o IV. EXPERIMENTL SETUP ND PROCEDURE photogphic view of the PTC used in the expeimentl investigtion is shown in Fig.4. The expeimentl wok is done in n open flow fom 30th of Decembe 2015 to 5thof pil The test ig is plced in n open spce, nd the edings e tken fom 10:00 M to 2:00 PM dily. The system consists of the constucted collecto, 1m3 stoge tnk nd mesuing instuments. The stoge tnk is used fo stoing the cold wte, it ws mde of ion sheet Copyight to IJIRSET DOI: /IJIRSET

6 ISSN (Pint) : Intentionl Jounl of Innovtive Resech in Science, Engineeing nd Technology (n ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Ogniztion) Vol. 5, Issue 9, Septembe 2016 nd fixed t 3m bove the collecto level so tht the wte flow due to the gvity. flexible pipe mde of plstic is used fo cying the cold wte fom the stoge tnk to the eceive. contol vlve is connected to the stoge tnk fo contolling the mss flow te. The flowmete ws connected befoe the inlet of the eceive tube to mesue the wte flow te. Duing the expeiment, mny mesuements e tken t time intevl of 15 minutes. The tempetue of wte inlet T, wte outlet T, mbient T nd tube sufce tempetue in ou s themometes. i velocity flowmete, nd the sol dition intensity T e mesued using digitl 0 V ws mesued using digitl nemomete. Wte flow te m ws mesued using I ws mesued using digitl pyheliomete. The specifictions of the mesuing devices used duing the expeiment e shown in Tble 2. Tble 2 Mesuing instuments specifictions Type Fluid Opeting nge ccucy Device Themomete Tstothem MP2000 Wte Tempetue: ( ) 0 C ± 2 0 C nemomete GM #7183 i Tempetue: (0 45) 0 C ± 2 0 C Velocity : (0 45) m/s ± 3 % Flowmete MPB Wte Flow te : (0 50) g/s ± 2 % Pyheliomete METEON CMP6 Sol dition Idince: (0 2000) w/m x10-6 v/w/m 2 V. SYSTEM PERFORMNCE CLCULTIONS Theml pefomnce of PTC ws evluted using the mesued tempetues of het tnsfe fluid (HTF) fo inlet nd outlet, mss flow te, mbient tempetue, wind speed, nd sol dition intensity. The useful het gin is the instntneous het enegy gined by the HTF duing its flow between the inlet nd outlet of the eceive. It is clculted fom the flowing eqution: 0 Q u m C p Tou Tin (11) Whee T nd T denote the tempetue of the HTF t the inlet nd outlet of the eceive mesued t the sme in ou 0 time, C p is specific het of the wte in J /( kg. K), nd m is the mss flow te of the HTF mesued in g / s The theml efficiency of the PTC is defined s the tio of the instntneous useful het gined by the HTF, nd the instntneous sol bem dition incident I on the given petue e of the collecto. The instntneous theml efficiency is clculted s follows: 0 m C p Tou th I. T in th Qu I. (12) VI. RESULTS ND DISCUSSION Dt of inlet nd outlet tempetues long with theml efficiency clculted fom eqution (12) nd het gined clculted fom eqution (11) e plotted nd demonstted in detil in the following figues: Fig. 5. shows vitions of the sol dition mesued fo two selected dys, one is t utumn seson specificlly on 26 th of Jnuy, nd the othe dy is t the beginning of the Sping seson specificlly on 29 th of Mch The mesued dition tes e tken fom 10:00 M to 4:00 PM. t 10:00 M, the sol intensity is low. s the time psses, the intensity stts to ise until eching the pek ound 1:30 PM. fte tht time, the intensity deceses till the end of the expeiment. It cn be noticed tht the sol the vlue of the dition inceses s the time ws close to sping, this is due to the incesed elevtion ngle of the sun, whee the eth is close to the sun. Copyight to IJIRSET DOI: /IJIRSET

7 ISSN (Pint) : Intentionl Jounl of Innovtive Resech in Science, Engineeing nd Technology (n ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Ogniztion) Vol. 5, Issue 9, Septembe 2016 Fig.6: Vition of sol dition with time Fig. 5: Vition of sol dition (I) on 26 th Jnuy nd 29 th Mch with time Fig. 6. shows vitions of the useful het gin clculted fom eqution (11) fo the test dys of 26 th of Jnuy nd 29 th of Mch. t 10:00 M, the gined het is low due to the low te of sol dition, then s time psses, it stts to incese until eching the pek ound 12:00 to 1:30 PM which indictes tht the sol dition te influences the enegy collected. fte 2:00 PM, the useful het gin deceses until the end of the expeiment s esult of the decesed sol intensity. Fig. 6: Vition of useful het gined (Q u) on 26 th Jnuy nd 29 th Mch with time Fig. 7. shows the instntneous theml efficiency duing the expeiment peiod fo the two dys. It is noticed tht the efficiency is high t the beginning of the expeiment becuse the sol dition is lowe (eqution (12)). Mximum vlues of the theml efficiency fo these dys e 42.7% nd 24.1% on 26 th of Jnuy nd 29 th of Mch espectively. s time psses; the efficiency stts to decese until it eches its minimum vlues t the end of the expeiment becuse the theml efficiency is invesely popotionl to the sol dition intensity. It is noticed tht the Copyight to IJIRSET DOI: /IJIRSET

8 ISSN (Pint) : Intentionl Jounl of Innovtive Resech in Science, Engineeing nd Technology (n ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Ogniztion) Vol. 5, Issue 9, Septembe 2016 theml efficiency on 26 th of Jnuy is highe 29 th of Mch, the eson is tht the sol dition intensity in Jnuy is lowe thn Mch, nd the theml losses in Mch highe thn in Jnuy. Fig. 7: Vition of instntneous theml efficiency (η) on 26 th Jnuy nd 29 th Mch with time Fig. 8. shows the vition of mbient tempetue nd wind speed with time. t the beginning of the test, the mbient tempetue is low with vlues ound 10 o C to 17.6 o C. It stts to incese s the dition intensity inceses until it eches mximum vlues ound 18 o C to 20 o C fom 2:30 PM to 3:30 PM. Then, it deceses slightly t the end of the test. The minimum wind speed is found with vlue of 0.1 m/s nd the mximum hs vlue 1.7 m/s, nd between these vlues, it is fluctuting up nd down until the end of the test ccoding to the locl wethe condition. Fig. 8: Vition of mbient tempetue (T ) nd wind speed (V) on 26 th Jnuy nd 29 th Mch with time Fig. 9. shows the vition of the sol dition with expeiment dys between 10:00 M, nd 2:00 PM. It cn be obseved tht the sol dition inceses gdully fom the beginning of the expeiments in Jnuy till pil the Copyight to IJIRSET DOI: /IJIRSET

9 ISSN (Pint) : Intentionl Jounl of Innovtive Resech in Science, Engineeing nd Technology (n ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Ogniztion) Vol. 5, Issue 9, Septembe 2016 end time of the expeimentl wok. The eson is due incesing the sun elevtion ngle s the Eth ppoching the Sun t this peiod of the ye, s esult of the movement of the Sun fom the Topic of Cpicon in the south to the Topic of Cnce in the noth. Thee e some discepncies of the sol dition in few dys due to the pesence of fogs nd in in these dys. The mximum vlue of the sol dition is 944 W/m 2 t 1:00 PM on 30 th of Mch Fig. 9: Vition of sol dition duing the expeiment dys Fig. 10. shows the vition of the outlet wte tempetue with expeimentl dys between 10:00 M, nd 2:00 PM. It cn be noticed tht the outlet wte tempetue stts to incese ech dy fom the beginning of the expeiment t 10:00 M to ech its mximum vlue t 1:00 PM then, it stts to decese. This vition is sme to the sol dition behvio becuse the outlet wte tempetue depends minly on the sol dition intensity. Fig. 10: Vition of outlet tempetue t diffeent times duing the expeiment dys Copyight to IJIRSET DOI: /IJIRSET

10 ISSN (Pint) : Intentionl Jounl of Innovtive Resech in Science, Engineeing nd Technology (n ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Ogniztion) Vol. 5, Issue 9, Septembe 2016 The mximum outlet tempetue obtined duing the expeimentl wok is 88.1 C on 30 th of Mch 2016 t 1:00 PM. This tempetue is suitble fo esidentil nd industil uses. Thee e some fluctutions of the outlet wte tempetue in some dys due to the pesence of fogs nd in in these dys. The outlet wte tempetue is expected to ech moe thn 100 C in summe when the sol dition eches its mximum vlues. Fig. 11. shows the vition of the theml efficiency with expeimentl dys between 10:00 M, nd 2:00 PM. It cn be obviously obseved tht the theml efficiency t high t Jnuy when the sol dition tes e low, nd it deceses until it eches its lowest vlues t the end of the expeimentl dys t the beginning of pil when the sol dition tes e high. It cn lso be seen tht the theml efficiency is highe t the beginning of the expeimentl dy t 10:00 M nd stts to decese gdully to ech its minimum vlue t the end of the expeimentl dy t 4:00 PM. The eson is tht theml efficiency is invesely popotionl to the sol dition intensity (eqution 12). Fig. 11: Vition of efficiency t diffeent times duing the expeiment dys VII. CONCLUSIONS Design, constuction, nd expeimentl study wee pesented to evlute the pefomnce of PTC unde Sbth city in Liby. The expeiments e tken fom 30 th of Decembe 2015 to 5 th of pil The collecto theml efficiency nd useful het gined cuves showed simil behvio with the dt published by othe eseches. Fom these esults, the mximum vlue of the theml efficiency fo the test peiod is 52.5 %, nd the mximum vlue of the outlet wte tempetue is found to be 88.1 C. Becuse it is the fist ttempt to mnufctue such collecto loclly, the obtined chcteistic cuves of the tested collecto e considebly lowe thn tht of typicl collecto mde by pofessionl compnies. This is ttibuted to the highe theml losses cused by the bsence of the evcuted glss envelope ound the bsobe tube, the end losses of the collecto, nd the inccucy of the tcking system. The following conclusions could be dwn: Liby climte is suitble fo ppliction of the PTC in the e of wte heting puposes fo esidentil nd industil uses. It is ecommended to use eceive with evcuted glss envelope to impove the theml efficiency nd educe the theml losses of the PTC. It is ecommended to use n utomtic tcking system to educe the end losses of the collecto, nd hence impove the theml efficiency of the PTC. Copyight to IJIRSET DOI: /IJIRSET

11 ISSN (Pint) : Intentionl Jounl of Innovtive Resech in Science, Engineeing nd Technology (n ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Ogniztion) Vol. 5, Issue 9, Septembe 2016 CKNOWLEDGEMENTS The uthos gtefully cknowledge the technicl suppot given fo this wok by the gdute studies deptment, Fculty of Engineeing, Sbth Univesity. We lso thnk the finl ye students, Th lgoul nd Mohmed Keem fo thei suppot duing the expeimentl wok. Finlly, we thnk the uthos of the efeences cited in this ppe tht helped in the impovement of qulity. REFERENCES [1] F. hwide,. Spen, nd. El-Kfwy, Coeltion fo the vege Dily Diffuse Fction with Cleness Index nd Estimtion of Bem Sol Rdition nd Possible Sunshine Hous Fction in Sbh, Ghdmes nd Tipoli - Liby, PCBEE Pocedi, vol. 5, pp , [2] F. K. Bnnni, T.. Shif, nd. O. R. Ben-Khlif, Estimtion of monthly vege sol dition in Liby, Theoeticl nd pplied Climtology, vol. 83, no pp , [3]. M.. Mohmed,. l-hbibeh, nd H. bdo, n investigtion into the cuent utiliztion nd pospective of enewble enegy esouces nd technologies in Liby, Renew. Enegy, vol. 50, pp , [4] G. Kumesn, R. Sidh, nd R. Velj, Pefomnce studies of sol pbolic tough collecto with theml enegy stoge system, Enegy, vol. 47, no. 1, pp , [5] G. W. Tedwell, Design Considetions Fo Pbolic- Cylindicl Sol Collectos, lbuqueque, New Mexico 87115, [6] J.. Clk, n nlysis of the technicl nd economic pefomnce of pbolic tough concentto fo sol industil pocess het ppliction, Int. J. Het Mss Tnsf., vol. 25, no. 9, pp , [7] S. Klogiou, P. Eleftheiou, S. Lloyd, nd J. Wd, Low-cost high ccucy pbolic toughs constuction nd evlution, Renew. Enegy, vol. 5, no. 1 4, pp , [8]. Vln su nd T. Sonkum, Design, mnufctue nd testing of fibeglss einfoced pbol tough fo pbolic tough sol collectos, Sol. Enegy, vol. 81, no. 10, pp , [9] S.. Klogiou, S. Lloyd, J. Wd, nd P. Eleftheiou, Design nd pefomnce chcteistics of pbolic-tough sol collecto system, ppl. Enegy, vol. 47, no. 4, pp , [10] M. Books, I. Mills, nd T. Hms, Design, constuction nd testing of pbolic tough sol collecto fo developing-county ppliction, in poceedings of the ISES Sol Wold Congess, Olndo, FL, [11] P. Bendt,. Rbl, H. W. Gul, nd K.. Reed, Opticl nlysis nd Optimiztion of Line Focus Sol Collectos, Solid. Stte. Electon., vol. 41, no. 11, pp , [12] E. Venegs-Reyes, O.. Jmillo, R. Cstejón-Gcí, J. O. guil, nd F. Sos-Montemyo, Design, constuction, nd testing of pbolic tough sol concentto fo hot wte nd low enthlpy stem genetion, J. Renew. Sustin. Enegy, vol. 4, no. 5, pp , [13] O.. Jmillo, E. Venegs-Reyes, J. O. guil, R. Cstejón-Gcí, nd F. Sos-Montemyo, Pbolic tough concenttos fo low enthlpy pocesses, Renew. Enegy, vol. 60, pp , [14] G. Cocci, G. Di Nicol, nd M. Sotte, Design, mnufctue, nd test of pototype fo pbolic tough collecto fo industil pocess het, Renew. Enegy, vol. 74, pp , [15] M.. hmed,.. lbusefi, nd H. T. Izweik, Expeimentl Evlution of Sol Pbolic Tough Collecto unde Libyn climte, Int. J. Eng. Tends Technol., vol. 38, no. 1, pp , [16] H. P. Gg nd J. Pksh, Sol Enegy: Fundmentls nd pplictions. Tt McGw-Hill, Copyight to IJIRSET DOI: /IJIRSET