A. Yuba 1), T. Nakayama 2), Y. Matsumi 2), K. Takahashi 3), Y. Imasu 4) Asia center for air pollution research. Nagoya University.
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1 Continuous in-situ measurements of CO and CO 2 concentrations and CO 2 isotope ratios (δ 13 C, δ 18 O) in Nagoya city: towards CO and CO 2 simultaneous measu rements by GOSAT-2 A. Yuba 1), T. Nakayama 2), Y. Matsumi 2), K. Takahashi 3), Y. Imasu 4) 1) Asia center for air pollution research 2) Nagoya University 3) Kyoto University 4) University of Tokyo 1
2 The GOSAT-2 satellite is planned to observe CO and CO 2 column concentrations simultaneously from the space. The simultaneous measurements of CO and CO 2 column concentrations may enable to identify the contributions of the anthropogenic and biogenic processes. 2
3 In this presentation: Results of the ground-based in-situ measurements of CO and CO 2 concentrations in the summer and winter in the urban area of Nagoya city. Estimation of the sources of CO 2 and CO from the simultaneous observation with the aids of the measurements of CO 2 stable isotope ratios (δ 13 C, δ 18 O). Research purposes: What can be derived from the simultaneous observation of CO and CO 2. How in-situ observations can support the analyses of the satellite data. 3
4 Observation site and periods Highways Urban areas Observation site Nagoya urban area : Forth largest city in Japan with a population of 2.3 million Observation periods (1) August 16-24, 2011, (2) January 6-31,
5 Measurement species and instruments Measurement species CO 2 CO 2 Isotope δ 13 C, δ 18 O H 2 O Isotope δd, δ 18 O CO Instruments Li-Cor 820, NDIR Aerodyne, Laser absorption spectrometer LGR, water vapor isotope ratio analyzer Thermo, NDIR, CO analyzer NO, NO 2 Horiba, NO x analyzer 5
6 Temporal variations of CO 2 and CO concentration in the summer and winter [CO 2 ] / ppmv CO 2 CO [CO] / ppbv [CO 2 ] / ppmv CO 2 CO [CO] / ppbv 11/22 11/26 11/30 12/4 12/8 12/12 7/ /30 8/3 8/7 8/11 *Temporal variations of CO 2 concentration were similar with those of CO concentration *CO 2 and CO concentrations became high in the nighttime. *CO 2 concentration showed the diurnal variation. The contribution of anthropogenic combustion, and biogenic activity. In the winter, the air pollution was stayed inside the inversion layer. 6
7 Relationship between CO 2 and CO concentration [CO] / ppbv [CO] / ppbv Night Day [CO 2 ] / ppmv Winter Summer Night Day Slope: 9 Slope: 11 Slope: 7 0 Slope: [CO 2 ] / ppmv Winter CO/CO 2 is around 9. No difference between night and day. Summer CO/CO 2 is ranged from 2 to 7. CO/CO 2 in the nighttime are lower than those in the daytime. 7
8 CO/ CO 2 in summer CO/ CO 2 shows the contribution of CO 2 emission source. CO 2 / ppm CO / ppb /5 12:00 8/6 0:00 8/6 12:00 8/7 0:00 8/7 12: CO 2 / ppm CO/ CO 2 ratio : Power plant, biogenic Car exhaust 0 5 Residential energy use
9 CO/ CO 2 / ppb/ppm CO/ CO 2 / ppb/ppm Winter /22 11/26 11/30 12/4 12/8 12/12 Summer Temporal variation of CO/ CO /22 7/26 7/30 8/3 8/7 8/11 [CO 2 ] / ppmv [CO 2 ] / ppmv CO/ CO 2 nighttime CO/ CO 2 daytime CO 2 CO/ CO 2 nighttime CO/ CO 2 daytime CO 2 9
10 Temporal variations of CO 2 isotopic ratios in the summer and winter [CO 2 ] / ppmv CO 2 CO [CO] / ppbv [CO 2 ] / ppmv CO 2 CO [CO] / ppbv [δ 18 O] / [δ 18 O] / [δ 13 C] / [δ 13 C] / 11/22 11/26 11/30 12/4 12/8 12/ / /30 8/3 8/7 8/11
![Keeling plot analysis The hypothesis for keeling plot analysis CO 2 background level has been constant CO 2 concentration consists of binary (source + background) CO 2 / ppm [C] = [C s ] + [C b ]](/docs-images/84/89190666/images/11-0.jpg "Measured [C], δ Source [C s ], δ s Background [C b ], δ b δ [C] = δ s [C s ] + δ b [C b ] δ = (δ b - δ s )[C b ] /[C] + δ s δ δ s Intercept 1/[C] vs.")
11 Keeling plot analysis The hypothesis for keeling plot analysis CO 2 background level has been constant CO 2 concentration consists of binary (source + background) CO 2 / ppm [C] = [C s ] + [C b ] Measured [C], δ Source [C s ], δ s Background [C b ], δ b δ [C] = δ s [C s ] + δ b [C b ] δ = (δ b - δ s )[C b ] /[C] + δ s δ δ s Intercept 1/[C] vs. δ 1/[C] / ppmv -1 Intercept of the plot shows δ 13 C of CO 2 source 11
12 Examples of Keeling plot analysis CO 2 / ppm δ 13 C vs. 1/[CO 2 ] 8/5 12:00 8/6 0:00 8/6 12:00 δ 18 O vs. 1/[CO 2 ] 8/7 0:00 8/7 12:00 δ 13 C / δ 18 O / 1/[CO 2 ] / ppm -1 1/[CO 2 ] / ppm -1 12
13 Identification of CO 2 emission sources from the isotope ratios 5 δ 18 O / CO 2 -PDB Natural gas combustion Biogenic Respiration Gasoline combustion δ 13 C and δ 18 O show the different value according to the CO 2 emission source δ 13 C / PDB Pataki et al. (2006) 13
14 Keeling plot analysis: δ 13 C and CO/ CO 2 Intercept of Keeling plot δ 13 C / Power plant or biogenic Car exhaust Residential energy use CO/ CO 2 / ppbv/ppmv Summer Winter Biogenic respiration Gasoline combustion Natural gas combustion CO 2 in the summer is mainly related with biogenic activity and emission from car. In the winter, the emission from residential energy use (heating etc.) has the large contribution to CO 2 concentration variation. 14
15 Keeling plot analysis: δ 18 O and CO/ CO 2 Power plant or biogenic Car exhaust Residential energy use Intercept of Keeling plot δ 18 O / Summer Winter CO/ CO 2 / ppbv/ppmv Biogenic respiration Fuel combustion According to Keeling plot analysis of δ 18 O, CO 2 concentrations in the winter were partly influenced by CO 2 emission from the biogenic respiration. 15
16 conclusion We report that the ground based measurement of CO, CO 2 concentration and CO 2 isotopic ratios (δ 13 C and δ 18 O) at Nagoya, in 2011 winter and 2012 summer. The variation of CO and CO 2 concentration was different in the summer and winter. CO and CO 2 concentrations were varied synchronously. CO 2 concentration in the summer shows the clear diurnal variation. The contributions of emission from combustion and biogenic process were shown from the analysis of CO/ CO 2 and Keeling plot analysis. 16
17 This research was partly conducted under the framework of the GOSAT RA, and partly supported by GRENE-ei program. Thank you for attention. 17
18 CO 2 and CO emission and absorption in the 4% urban 2% 7% area CO 2 concentration in urban area is influenced by the emission or absorption based on the biogenic respiration and photosynthesis. the emission from fossil fuel combustion. 21% 15% 5% 4% 16% 40% 28% 34% CO concentration in urban area is changed with the emission from vehicles and biomass burning. (mainly from vehicles). 17% Energy industries Manufacturing industries Transport Other sectors Resident Industrial process and product use Waste 24
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