Ambient Air Quality & Noise Levels during Deepawali 2013

Transcription

1 A Report on Ambient Air Quality & Noise Levels during Deepawali 2013 Air Laboratory Central Pollution Control Board Parivesh Bhavan, East Arjun Nagar Delhi-32

2 CREDENTIALS Overall guidance : Dr. A.B. Akolkar, Member Secretary Overall Supervision, Coordination and Report Editing : Sh. Gurnam Singh, Sc D Supervision of Monitoring : Dr. S.K. Tyagi, Sc. D Report Preparation : Sh. P. Krishnamurthy, Sc. C Instruments Calibration & monitoring preparation : Sh. S.B. Lohat, STS Data Compilation : Sh. K.P. Rathi, SLA

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Central Pollution Control Board acknowledges the efforts of all air lab staffs, its Zonal Offices and State Pollution Control Boards for conducting the monitoring on Deepawali festival as per the protocol issued by Air Lab, CPCB, Delhi. It would not be possible to compile this report on noise and ambient air quality without there sincere supports. We also acknowledges the support given by Shri J.S. Kamyotra, Director (Ex-Member Secretary), Dr. R.M. Bharatwaj, (I/c PAMS Division), Sh. A.K.Sinha Scientist D and Sh. Rajinder Singh, STS for providing Real time Ambient Noise Monitoring network data during pre- Deepawali and Deepawali day-2013.

4 CONTENTS Title Page No. Introduction Delhi Bangalore Bhopal Lucknow Agra Vadodara Kolkata Shillong Other Major Cities Real Time Ambient Noise Monitoring Network Over all Observations during Pre-Deepawali day (Oct. 29, 2013) Over all Observations during Deepawali (Nov 03 rd 2013) Zonewise Assessment South Zone North Zone West Zone East Zone Over all Conclusion Recommendations 46 Annexure-I 48 Annexure-II 49 Annexure-III 51 Annexure-IV 52 Annexure-V 53 Annexure -VI 55 Annexure VII 57

5 Introduction: Deepawali or Diwali is the biggest and the brightest festival among all the Hindu festivals in India. It's the festival of lights (deep = light and avali = a row i.e., a row of lights) that's marked by four days of celebration, which literally illumines the country with its brilliance, and dazzles all with its joy. Each of the four days in the festival of Deepawali is separated by a different tradition, but what remains true and constant is the celebration of life, its enjoyment and goodness. All the simple rituals of Deepawali have a significance and to tell a story. The illumination of homes with lights and the skies with firecrackers is an expression of obeisance to the heavens for the attainment of health, wealth, knowledge, peace and prosperity. According to one belief, the sound of fire-crackers are an indication of the joy of the people living on earth, making the gods aware of their plentiful state. Still another possible reason has a more scientific basis: the fumes produced by the crackers kill a lot of insects and mosquitoes, found in plenty after the rains. There are numerous types of festivals in the world. Though many have religious origins, others involve seasonal change or have some cultural significance. In every months many festival comes and fill colors in our life. Every festival takes an important part in the life of different peoples from different communities of India. Crackers hold a fascination for both young and old alike. Crackers of varied colors and sounds fill the skies heralding India s favorite festival. But these crackers spoil our environment by causing noise and air pollution and also affect our health. The smoke of fireworks consists mainly of fine toxic dusts and chemicals that easily enter the lungs and represents a real danger for those already sick as well as for the healthy. Crackers that make a noise of more than 125 decibels at four meters distance from the point of bursting are banned by the law. Adverse Effects of Bursting Crackers on Health Apart from the mild burns and accidents the children also breathe the toxic air and suffering from nasal irritation and throat congestion. The smoke also irritates the eyes causing tears and redness. Sometimes the sound makes the ears go dumb and also cause deafness. Bursting crackers may increase blood pressure and aggravate heart disease. Nausea, headache and giddiness are common effects of bursting crackers. Lung infections such as coughing, sneezing. Respiratory disorders like asthma, wheezing often get severe during Deepawali festival. The pollution hazards such as the toxic smoke causes a lot of discomfort in breathing. The poisonous gas can also affect pregnant women adversely. It may also affect the mentally ill patients leading to depression, fear and stress. The increasing ambient noise levels in public places from various sources, inter-alia, industrial activity, construction activity, fire crackers, sound producing instruments, 1

6 generator sets, loud speakers, public address systems, music systems, vehicular horns and other mechanical devices have deleterious effects on human health and the psychological well being of the people; it is considered necessary to regulate and control noise producing and generating sources with the objective of maintaining the ambient air quality standards in respect of noise. Now, therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by clause (ii) of sub-section (2) of section 3, sub-section (1) and clause (b) of sub-section (2) of section 6 and section 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) read with rule 5 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, the Central Government hereby makes the following rules for the regulation and control of noise producing and generating sources, namely:- The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, The standards are given in Annexure I. Ambient Air Quality Standards The primary aim of the ambient air quality standards is to provide a basis for protecting public health from adverse effect of air pollution and for eliminating, or reducing to a minimum, those contaminants of air that are known or likely to be hazardous to human health and well being. Ideally, air quality standards should represent concentrations of chemical compounds in air that would not pose any health hazard to the human population. However, the realistic assessment of human health hazards necessitates a distinction between absolute safety and acceptable risk. To aim at achieving absolute safety, one would need a detailed knowledge of dose-response relationships in individuals in relation to all sources of exposure, the types of toxic effect elicited by specific pollutants or their mixtures and existing health status of human population. However, such comprehensive and conclusive data on environmental contaminants are not always available, certainly not for all types of pollutants. Very often, the relevant data are scarce and the quantitative relationship uncertain; scientific judgments and consensus, therefore, play an important role. The ambient air quality objectives / standards are pre-requisite for developing programme for effective management of ambient air quality and to reduce the damaging effects of air pollution. In exercise of the power conferred by Sub section (2) (h) of section 16 of the Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (Act No. 14 of 1981) CPCB has formulated the ambient air quality standards for 12 parameters, which also describes time waited average, areas (land use) and methods of measurement in November For details, refer to Gazette Notification as placed at Annexure II. Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring at CPCB Head Office and Zonal Offices In order to assess the problem of rising air and noise pollution produced by firework during Deepawali festival, Central Pollution Control Board has conducted Ambient Noise and Air Quality Monitoring on Normal Day (October 29 th, 2013) and Deepawali Day (November 03 rd, 2013) at Delhi, Lucknow, Kolkata, Bangaluru, Bhopal, Shillong 2

7 and Vadodara. Monitoring carried out at various places covering various zones (viz. Commercial, Residential & Silence). All SPCB s PCB/s were also requested to conduct the similar monitoring at their state HQs & cities. Objectives: To determine present Air Quality status and trends during Deepawali festival; To monitor the ambient noise levels for normal and Deepawali day from Hrs to Hrs at various locations in different cities; To determine the trends and variations of noise levels at various areas of the cities in different land uses; and To create awareness about air and noise pollution through availability of scientific monitoring data. Press release was uploaded on CPCB website on next day to Deepawali for public awareness. Subsequently the impact of bursting crackers was also published in several leading news papers for public awareness. Methodology: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring: The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out for minimum 24 hours as per the NAMP format Hours to Hours. The national standard is prescribed for 24 hours. The complete protocol for Particulate Matter (Size less than 10µm) or PM 10 and gaseous pollutants (SO 2 & NO 2 ) as well methodology is given at Annexure III, IV and V. Noise measurements was carried out by using a Type 1 integrating sound level meter with free-field microphone which meets the Accuracy of noise measurement as per IEC 804 (BS 6698) Grade I or ANSI Type I or equivalent IEC ( ) Class-I to see the overall impact of bursting crackers on Ambient Air Environment. Monitoring frequency/sampling Frequency: Noise Monitoring was conducted from Hrs to Hrs continuously at each location with sampling duration of 1 second. Monitoring Parameters: Measurement of Leq, L 10, L 90, L 50, L max, L min and LAI at all locations during monitoring. Complete Noise monitoring protocol and data sheet is enclosed at Annexure VI and VII. Cities where ambient air & noise monitoring carried out in various Zonal Offices are given in figure-1. 3

8 Monitoring Cities Fig 1: CPCB manual monitoring stations for Ambient Air and Noise monitoring during Deepawali

9 1.0 Delhi Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second largest metropolis by population in India and Located on the banks of the River Yamuna.It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory as per 2011 Census. Deepawali is the one of festival celebrated at the juncture of Autumn and Winter, when the meteorological conditions plays a vital role for dilution and dispersion of air pollutants due to lowering of temperature, reduced mixing height, changing wind direction besides low or no wind velocity and starting of dry weather spells in addition to the added pollution load. The Central Pollution Control Board has conducted Ambient Air quality & Noise monitoring at various locations in Delhi on the occasion of Deepawali festival, 2013 to see the impact of bursting crackers on environment. Details of monitoring locations in Delhi are given in Fig-2 & 3. The following investigations were conducted: 1. The Ambient noise level monitoring was carried out at Nine locations in Delhi namely Lajpat Nagar, MayurVihar (Phase II), PitamPura, Kamla Nagar, Dilshad Garden, East Arjun Nagar, Ansari Nagar (AIIMS), Connaught Place and PragatiMaidan between hours & hours (during Deepawali celebration hours) on November 3, Ambient Noise level monitoring data for Pre-Deepawali background monitoring was carried out at same locations & time on October 29, The manual data for Delhi is presented in table Round-the-clock Ambient Air quality monitoring was carried out on November 03, 2013 (Deepawali day) at Seven monitoring stations of CPCB namely Pragati Maidan Metro Station, Pitampura, Siri Fort, Janakpuri, Nizamuddin, Shahzada Bagh, and Shahdara. The air quality data is presented in table Meteorological profile (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction and mixing height) was also monitored and the data is presented at table 3. Average temperature on November 3, 2013 was 210C as compared to 200C in 2012; relative humidity was 69 % in 2013 as compared to 68 % in Night time Mixing height decreased from 211 meters (2012) to 197 meters (2013). 5

10 DCE Pitampura Civil Lines Dilshad Garden Punjabi Bagh Shahzada Bagh Shahdara Shadipur East Arjun Nagar Janak Puri Mandir Marg ITO Dwarka R K Puram Delhi Air Port Nizamuddin Sirifort NAMP Station + Integrated Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station (ITO) CAAQM Stations CPCB CAAQM Stations DPCC DOAS Stations of CPCB & DPCC Fig 2: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations in Delhi 6

11 . Pitam Pura Kamla Nagar Dilshad Garden East Arjun Nagar Connaught Place ITO Mayur Vihar Ph. II Lajpat Nagar Ansari Nagar Noise Monitoring Locations Fig.3: Ambient Noise monitoring locations in Delhi. 7

12 Table 1: Ambient Noise Level at different places in Delhi during Normal Day & Deepawali day in the year Average Noise Level in db (A) Leq. S. No. Location Normal Day Deepawali Day Lajpat Nagar (R) East Arjun Nagar (R) MayurVihar Phase II (R) PitamPura (R) Kamla Nagar (R) Dilshad Garden (R) Ansari Nagar) (R) Connaught Place (C) I.T.O (C) Monitoring time: 1800 hours to 2400 hours. R Residential, C Commercial Deepawali Day : 03 rd November 2013 and 13 th November 2012 Normal day : 29 th October 2013 and 06 th November

13 S. No. Table 2: Ambient Air Quality at Various Locations (NAMP) during Deepawali 2012 & 2013 Monitoring Stations Parameters SO 2 NO 2 PM Years Normal Day (Pre-Deepawali) 1 Pragati Maidan / ITO* Pitampura (R) Sirifort (R) Janakpuri (R) Nizamuddin (R) Shahazada Bagh (I) Shahdara (I) Deepawali Day 1 Pragati Maidan / ITO* Pitampura (R) Sirifort (R) Janakpuri (R) Nizamuddin (R) Shahazada Bagh (I) Shahdara (I) Ambient Air quality Standards (24 Hrs.) All values are in microgram per cubic meter Normal Day 2012: November 6, 2012 (Tuesday); Deepawali Day 2012: November (Tuesday) Table 3: Meteorological Information, Deepawali, 2012 & 2013 Day Normal Day Deepawali Day Parameters 24 Hourly Avg. Maximum* Minimum* 24 Hourly Avg. Maximum* Minimum* Year Mixing Height (Mtrs.) Wind Speed(m/s) Temperature ( o C) Relative Humidity (%)

14 Observations: Sulphur dioxide concentration on Deepawali day 2013 decreased at five locations, while the values increased at two locations as compared to Deepawali day 2012 during Deepawali day, SO 2 concentration ranged between 5 and 56 μg/m 3 as compared to 3 and 63 μg/m 3 during Deepawali day in SO 2 levels have been found within the prescribed standard limit of 80 μg/m 3 at all the locations. Nitrogen dioxide concentration on Deepawali day in 2013 showed a minimal trend decreased at all the monitored locations as compared to Deepawali day NO 2 values during Deepawali day 2013 ranged between 26 & 87 μg/m 3 as compared to 44 and 85 μg/m 3 in The NO 2 levels are well within the prescribed standard of 80 μg/m 3 at six locations except Shahzada Bagh. PM10 levels have shown an increasing trend at all the locations on Deepawali day, 2013 as compared to RSPM values during Deepawali day, 2013 ranged between 796 and 1138 μg/m 3 as compared to 748 and 951 μg/m 3 during Deepawali, Increased PM10 values in general may be attributed to adverse meteorological conditions, i.e. lower night time temperature, low mixing height and low wind speed. The ambient noise level at all the locations on Deepawali day, 2013 (November 3, 2013) have increased as compared to normal day (October 29, 2013). Noise level during Deepawali, 2013 in Delhi (Manual) showed a decreasing trend as compared to Deepawali 2012 (November 13, 2012) at four locations and slightly increasing trends at other five locations. The maximum Noise Level was found at MayurVihar Phase II [83dB(A)] followed by Kamla Nagar and Ansari Nagar[81 db(a)]. 10

15 2.0 Bangalore The Central Pollution Control Board, Zonal Office (South), Bangalore has conducted Ambient Air quality & Noise monitoring at various locations in Bangalore on the occasion of Deepawali festival, The findings of the monitoring and the trend of ambient air quality and noise levels are depicted in table 4 & 5 during Deepawali and also compared with pre-deepawali Table 4: Trend of ambient air quality during Pre-deepawali & Deepawali 2013 Monitoring Location Parameters monitored Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 Rajaji Nagar BDL Rajarajeshwari BDL BDL Nagar Nagarbhavi BDL BDL BDL 60.3 NAAQ Standards * All values are in µg/m 3. BDL: SO 2 : < 4 µg/m 3 NO 2 : < 9 µg/m 3 Table 5: Ambient Noise Level at different locations in Bangalore during Deepawali, 2013 S. N. Location Average Noise level in db (A) Leq. Pre- Deepawali Day Deepawali Day Standard Limit 1 Rajaji Nagar Rajarajeshwari Nagar 3 Nagarbhavi Note : All locations are residential. 11

16 Observations: The values of ambient air quality parameter of NO 2 and RSPM has decreased as compared to 2012 and this may be attributed to normal weather conditions & high wind speed (which increase the dispersion of pollutants) and due to decrease in the number of vehicles as compared to The noise level during Deepawali day ( ) were observed high when compare to Deepawali day 2012 Burning of crackers was more during 6.30 PM to 8.00 PM and decreased considerably It has been observed that the trend of crackers has changed and people used eco-friendly crackers which produce paper flutters and colored lights on bursting and not the painful sound. 3.0 Bhopal The Central Pollution Control Board Zonal Office Bhopal conducted Ambient Air Quality Monitoring at four locations and Noise Level monitoring at two locations to study the impact on Ambient Air and Noise levels due to bursting of fire crarckers during Deepawali. The monitoring Locations are as follows: 01. Chhola Road: This station is located at dense residential colony. It is located in north side of the city. The area around the locality is congested and witnessing heavy traffic density. 02. T T Nagar : This station is located near New Market, commercial center of Bhopal City. Being a main market of the city the area is crowded with floating population of other parts of city. The heavy traffic and congested parking facility are the major causes of pollution at this location. 03. Nehru Nagar: This station is placed in the residential colony and truly representing the residential area. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring was conducted at all the location while Ambient Noise levels were monitored at Location No 2 & 3. The noise monitoring data is given at table-6. The Ambient Air quality data is given at table -7 12

17 Table 6: Ambient Noise Level at different locations in Bhopal during Deepawali, 2013 Time Duration Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) Nehru Nagar Bhopal Lmin Lmax Leq db (A) Lmin Lmax Leq db (A) 18:00 to 19:00 Hr :00 to 20:00 Hr :00 to 21:00 Hr :00 to 22:00 Hr :00 to 23:00 Hr :00 to 24:00 Hr TT Nagar 18:00 to 19:00 Hr :00 to 20:00 Hr :00 to 21:00 Hr :00 to 22:00 Hr :00 to 23:00 Hr :00 to 24:00 Hr Table 7: Ambient Air Quality Data during Deepawali 2012 & 2013 at Bhopal Monitoring Location Year Parameters monitored Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 T.T. Nagar Nehru Nagar Chhola Road NAAQ Standards * All values are in µg/m 3 13

18 Observations: On pre Deepawali day the noise levels during 18:00 24:00 Hrs. at residential area the range between 52.2 to 65.5 db (A) and at commercial area 59.5 to 69.4 db (A) respectively. At residential area, the noise levels during Deepawali & post Deepawali are increased by more than 37dB (A) w.r.t. noise levels during pre-deepawali day. The major increase in noise levels were recorded during 21:00-22:00 Hrs. The peak noise level value is db (A) on Deepawali day w.r.t db (A) on pre Deepawali day. At commercial area, no much difference was recorded on pre Deepawali, during Deepawali & Post Deepawali day during 18:00-22:00 Hrs. While steep increase in ambient Noise levels were recorded on Deepawali day during 22:00-24:00 Hrs. w.r.t. Normal day readings. The noise levels during 22:00-24:00 Hrs. is increased by more than 9 db (A) while for the period 18:00-22:00 Hrs. the increase is around 12 db (A) on Deepawali day w.r.t. Normal day. The PM 10 concentrations in ambient air was increased on Deepawali day w.r.t. Normal day by; 121 μg/m 3 at T T Nagar 171 μg/m 3 at Nehru Nagar 40 μg/m 3 at Chhola Road The SO 2 concentrations at Chhola Road is almost doubled on Deepawali day w.r.t. Normal day concentrations in ambient air. The highest SO 2 concentrations was recorded at Nehru Nagar (13 μg/m 3 ) on Deepawali. The highest increase in NO 2 concentrations in ambient air was recorded at Nehru Nagar (16 μg/m 3 ). Highest NO 2 concentrations was measured to be 50 μg/m 3 at Nehru Nagar on Deepawali day. 14

19 4.0 Lucknow The Central Pollution Control Board, Zonal office, Lucknow conducted Ambient Air Quality Monitoring and Noise Level monitoring (as shown in fig-4 ) at two locations to study impact on Ambient Air and Noise levels due to bursting of fire crarckers during Deepawali. Fig 4: Monitoring Locations of Lucknow (A-Indira Nagar, Lucknow & B-Vikas Khand, Gomti Nagar Lucknow) TheAmbient Air Quality monitoring data and Noise monitoring data of Lucknow at two locations are given at table 8 and table 9 respectively. Table 8: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring during Deepawali Festival, 2013 at Lucknow, U.P. Monitoring Location Parameters monitored Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) A.Indira Nagar (24hrly.average) B. Vikas Khand (24hrly.average) SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 BDL * BDL * NAAQ Standards * For average calculation of SO 2, conc. 2.0 µg/m 3 has been taken as BDL All values are in µg/m 3. 15

20 Table-9: Noise Level during Deepawali Festival, 2013 at Lucknow, U.P. Time Duration Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) Lmin Lmax Leq db (A) Lmin Lmax Leq db (A) Indira Nagar, Lucknow 18:00 to 19:00 Hrs :00 to 20:00 Hrs :00 to 21:00 Hrs :00 to 22:00 Hrs :00 to 23:00 Hrs :00 to 24:00 Hrs Vikas Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow 18:00 to 19:00 Hrs :00 to 20:00 Hrs :00 to 21:00 Hrs :00 to 22:00 Hrs :00 to 23:00 Hrs :00 to 24:00 Hrs Observations: PM 10, SO 2, NO 2 were monitored 24 hourly at two representative locations, i.e. Indira Nagar & Vikas khand, during Pre- Deepawali i.e. October 29, 2013 and Deepawali day i.e. November 0 3, The 24 hour average concentration of PM 10 and NO 2 in Indira Nagar was found 294 and 617 on pre-deepawali and on Deepawali day respectively, while the NO 2 was recorded as 89.8 and 87.7 respectively. 16

21 The increased concentration of PM 10 is 294 (Pre-Deepawali) to 617 μg m 3 (On Deepawali Day) in Indira Nagar and Vikas khand, Gomti Nagar, concentration of PM 10 is 366 (Pre Deepawali) to 616 μg m 3 (On Deepawali Day) respectively. The air pollution level increased by 87%, On Deepawali day, 24 hourly values for PM 10 was found higher than prescribed limit of National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), which was 1.5 times higher than their respective day. PM 10 was found higher than the Pre Deepawali and normal day at both above locations. These results indicate that bursting of crackers during Deepawali affected the ambient air quality due to emissions and accumulation of PM 10, SO 2, and NO 2. Noise: db(a) : The noise level increased on Deepawali, from 51.0 to 90.1 db (A) Leq in Indira Nagar and from 49 to 72.5 db (A) Leq in Vikas khand, Gomti Nagar Lucknow. On Deepawali day, noise was found to be higher than prescribed limit (Standard limit db (A) Leq) 5.0 Agra The Central Pollution Control Board, Zonal office, Agra conducted ambient air quality monitoring at two locations and noise level monitoring at one location to study impact on Ambient Air and Noise levels due to bursting of fire crarckers during Deepawali. The ambient air quality monitoring data and noise monitoring data of Lucknow at two locations are given in table 10 and 11 respectively. Table 10 : Ambient Air Monitoring during Deepawali Festival, 2013 Monitoring Location Parameters monitored Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) Tajmahal (24hrly.average) Etmad-uddaullah (24hrly.average) SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 BDL BDL NAAQ Standards * For average calculation of SO 2, conc. 2.0 µg/m 3 has been taken as BDL All values are in µg/m 3 of air. 17

22 Table 11 : Noise Level during Deepawali Festival, 2013 at Agra, U.P. Time Duration Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) Lmin Lmax Leq db (A) Lmin Lmax Leq db (A) Kamla Nagar, Agra (Residential) 18:00 to 19:00 Hrs :00 to 20:00 Hrs :00 to 21:00 Hrs :00 to 22:00 Hrs :00 to 23:00 Hrs :00 to 24:00 Hrs Observations: PM 10, SO 2, NO 2 were monitored 24 hourly at two representative locations, i.e. Tajmahal & Etmad-ud-daullah, during Pre- Deepawali i.e. October 29, 2013 and Deepawali day i.e. November 03, The increased concentration of PM 10 is 364 (Pre-Deepawali) to 524 μg m 3 (On Deepawali Day) in Tajmahal. In the second station i.e Etmad-ud-daullah concentration of PM 10 is 406 (Pre Deepawali) to 697 μg m 3 (On Deepawali Day) respectively. In the station 1. NO 2. Slightly increased from 25 to 31. Where as in the station 2 concentration of NO2 has reduced from 34 to 27. The SO2 concentration, there is no much variation on predeepawali and Deepawali days. Noise: db(a) : The noise level increased on Deepawali, from 47.7 to 84.1 db (A) Leq in Agra. On Deepawali day, noise was found to be higher than prescribed limit (Standard limit db (A) Leq) 18

23 6.0 Vadodara The Central Pollution Control Board Zonal office, Vadodara conducted Ambient Air Quality Monitoring and Noise Level monitoring (as shown in fig-5) at three locations to study impact on Ambient Air and Noise levels due to bursting of fire crarckers during Deepawali. Figure 5 : monitoring locations at Vadodara The Ambient Air Quality and Noise monitoring data of Vadodara is given in table 12 and table 13 respectively. Table 12: Ambient Air Monitoring During Deepawali festival, 2013 Monitoring Parameters monitored Location Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 Fatehgunj BDL BDL M.S.University BDL BDL Harinagar BDL NAAQ Standards * For average calculation of SO 2, conc. 2.0 µg/m 3 has been taken as BDL All values are in µg/m 3 of air. 19

24 Table 13: Noise Level during Pre-Deepawali and Deepawali 2013 Location Normal Day Deepawali Day Lmin Lmax Leq (dba) Lmin Lmax Leq (dba) Fatehgunj to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr M S University to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr Harinagar to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr Observations: The noise level in the atmosphere is high in both normal day and deepawali festival day. However, the Leq value are more or less same during pre Deepawali and Deepawali due to reduction of vehicular movement but contributed by burning crackers at the Fatehgunj station. The stations located at Harinagar and Fategunj have reported high noise level during Deepawali day which is due to the burning of fire crackers in the residential and nearby localities respectively. 20

25 The concentration of SO 2 and NO 2 in all the three location before deepawali and during deepawali festival 2013 is within the standard limits. However SO 2 found only at Hariohm nagar residential area during the festival. It is mainly due to the burning of fire crackers. There is no more variation in concentration of NO 2 in the ambient air during deepawali day and normal day. It may due to lesser movement of vehicles during the festival time. The level of PM 10 in the ambient air of Vadodara city is high. However, the PM10 concentration increased from µg/m 3 to at µg/m 3 Harinagar during the festive season due to cracker emissions. 7.0 Kolkata The Central Pollution Control Board Zonal office, Kolkata conducted Ambient Air Quality Monitoring at five locations and Noise Level monitoring at two locations to study impact on Ambient Air and Noise levels due to bursting of fire crarckers during Deepawali. The Ambient Air Quality and noise monitoring data is given at table 14, 15 and 16. Table-14: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring data during Deepawali, Monitoring Location Parameters monitored Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 Behala Tollygunge Kasba Salt lake Shyambazar Kasba-Ruby- More Lal Bazar Cossipore NAAQ Standards * For average calculation of SO 2, conc. 2.0 µg/m 3 has been taken as BDL All values are in µg/m 3 of air. 21

26 Monitoring Location Table-15: Comparison of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring during Deepawali, 2012 & Year Parameters monitored Normal Day Deepawali Day SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 Behala Tollygunge Kasba Salt lake Shyambazar NAAQ Standards * For average calculation of SO 2, conc. 2.0 µg/m 3 has been taken as BDL All values are in µg/m 3 of air. Table 16: Noise Level during Pre-Deepawali and Deepawali 2013 Location Normal Day Deepawali Day North Kolkata to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr Lmin Lmax Leq (dba) Lmin Lmax Leq (dba)

27 South Kolkata to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr Obsevations: The concentration of PM 10 in ambient air is found to be ten times more on Deepawali day when compared with the normal day due to buring of crackers on Deepawali day. The concentration of NO 2 and SO 2 is slightly high on Deepawali day compared to the normal day but under the prescribed standard limit in some location. But at Lalbazaar NO2 found µg/m 3 on Deepawali day. At Cossipore, NO2 found was high on normal day and Deepawali day. It is exceeded the prescribed ambient std limit. The noise level is high during Deepawali day as compared to the normal day mainly due to the bursting of crackers. 8.0 Shillong The Central Pollution Control Board Zonal office, Shillong conducted Ambient Air Quality Monitoring and Noise Level monitoring at two locations to study impact on Ambient Air and Noise levels due to bursting of fire crackers during Deepawali. The Ambient Air Quality and noise monitoring data is given at table 17 and

28 Table 17: Ambient Air Monitoring During Deepawali festival, 2013 Monitoring Location Parameters monitored Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 Fire Brigade BDL BDL 66 BDL BDL 117 Upper Mawprem BDL BDL 88 BDL BDL 259 NAAQ Standards * For average calculation of SO 2, conc. 2.0 µg/m 3 has been taken as BDL All values are in µg/m 3 of air. Table 18: Noise Level during Pre-Deepawali and Deepawali 2013 Location Normal Day Deepawali Day Leq (dba) Lmin Lmax Leq (dba) Lmin Lmax Fire Brigade to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr to Hr Upper Mawprem to Hr to Hr to Hr > to Hr > to Hr > to Hr Observations: The air pollutants concentration of the monitored area are found to be within the standard limits except PM-10 parameters during Deepawali day. The noise level was found to be increased during deepavali day due to bursting of crackers. 24

29 9.0 Other Major Cities CPCB requested to all SPCB s & PCB s to conduct the ambient air quality and noise level during deepawali 2013 the state boards were also conducted the ambient air quality and noise level monitoring in capital city of their respective states. The overall ambient air quality data and noise level data of some of the important cities in India conducted by SPCBs are given in the table 19 and 20. Concentration of pollutants and noise level at various cities in India also depicted in figure 6,7 & 8. Table 19: Ambient Air Quality monitoring data of different States/cities during Deepawali, Parameters S.N. States/Cities Pre-Deepawali Day Deepawali Day SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 ASSAM 1 Guwahati Golaghat Silchar Bongaigaon Average ANDHRA PRADESH 5 Hyderabad Visakhapatnam Vijayawada Eluru Town Kakinada Town Guntur Kothagudem Warangal Karimnagar Ramagundam

30 15 Beeremguda Sangareddy Nellore Kurnool Tirupathi Average MEGHALAYA 20 Shillong BDL BDL NAGALAND 21 Dimapur BDL BDL ODISHA 22 Angul Balasore BDL BDL Berhampur BDL Bhubaneswar BDL Cuttack BDL Keonjhar BDL BDL Konark BDL Puri BDL Rayagada Rourkela Sambalpur Average PUNJAB 33 Amritsar Jalandhar Ludhiana

31 36 Mandi Gobidngarh 37 Patiala Average TAMIL NADU 38 Chennai Tiruppur Hosur Dindigul Salem Vellore Trichy Madurai Cuddalore Coimbatore Tirunelveli Average UTTAR PRADESH 49 Gorakhpur Jhansi Agra Sonbhadra Saharanpur Average PUDUCHERRY

32 28

33 Observations: In the Assam State, it is observed that all air pollutants are well within the prescribed standard limit on pre-deepawali day except Guwahati where the PM10 concentration was found 122 µg/m 3. Similarly, during Deepawali day SO 2 & NO 2 values are well within the limit except at Bongaigaon. All the remaining three places PM10 conc. was exceeding the prescribed standard limit. In Andhra Pradesh, it is observed that SO 2 & NO 2 values are well within the standard limit during pre-deepawali & Deepawali day. But, in Hyderabad, PM10 is more than the prescribed limit on pre-deepawali & Deepawali. It is found that PM10 concentration is exceeded in all places during Deepawali festival except at Ramagundam. In Odisha, AAQM carried out at 11 locations. Values of SO2 & NO2 are well within the limit on Deepawali & Pre-Deepawali day. It is found that around 6 locations, PM10 is exceeding the limit on pre-deepawali day monitoring. But, during the Deepawaly day, PM10 was exceeding almost all places except Balasore & Rayagada. In Punjab, all five locatons, values of SO 2 & NO 2 are well within the limit. But the conc. of PM10 was exceeded at all the locations during Deepawali & pre- Deepawali day. In Tamil Nadu, AAQM carried out at 11 locations. Values of SO 2 & NO 2 are well within the limit on Deepawali & Pre-Deepawali day. Similarly, the conc. of PM10 was within the prescribed standard limit on Pre-Deepawali day except Chennai. But, during the Deepawali day, PM10 was exceeding almost eight places out of eleven. In Uttar Pradesh, all five locatons, values of SO 2 & NO 2 are well within the limit on Deepawali & Pre-Deepawali day. But the conc. of PM10 was exceeded at all the locations except Gorakhpur during Deepawali & pre-deepawali day. 29

34 Table 20: Ambient Noise level monitoring data of different major cities during Pre-deepawali and Deepawali States/Cities Pre-Deepawali Day Deepawali Day Commercial Residential Sensitive Commercial Residential Sensitive ASSAM Guwahati Dibrugarh Tezpur Golaghat Silchar Bongaigaon ANDHRA PRADESH Hyderabad Vijayawada Guntur Kothagudem Kurnool Tirupathi Vizianagaram East Godavari West Godavari Nellore Nizamabad Sangareddy HARYANA Bahadurgarh Ballabhgarh Sonepat Panchkula Yamuna Nagar Hissar Jind Dharuhera Palwal Panipat Faridabad Gurgaon (South) Gurgaon (North) PUNJAB Amritsar

35 Bathinda Faridkot Gurdaspur Hoshiarpur Jalandhar Ludhiana Mandi Gobidngarh 69 Mohali Patiala Sangrur TAMIL NADU Chennai Tiruppur Hosur Dindigul Salem Vellore Madurai Trichy Cuddalore Coimbatore Tirunelveli TRIPURA Agartala Dharmanagar Udaipur UTTAR PRADESH Gorakhpur Jhansi Agra Allahabad Saharanpur MEGHALAYA Shillong NAGALAND Dimapur PUDUCHERRY

36 Observations: In the Assam state, Noise monitoring carried out in six different cities. It is found that the maximum noise value observed at silchar city in the both of Residential and commercial area i.e. 108 and 115 respectively during the Deepavali festival. The noise level was increased during deepawali day when compared with normal day in all the cities. In the Andhra Pradesh, Noise monitoring carried out in the various locations of 12 different cities. In all the cities, noise level was increased during Deepawali day as compared to the normal day. The maximum noise level found at 32

37 Commercial area of Guntur city i.e. 106 db(a) followed by the Residential area of the same city i.e. 105 db(a) during Deepawali day. In the Haryana State, Noise monitoring carried out in the various locations of 13 different cities. In all the cities, noise level was increased during Deepawali day as compared to the normal day. The maximum noise level found at Panchkula (C) i.e db(a) followed by the Ballabhgarh (R) i.e db(a) during Deepawali day. In the Meghalaya,Nagaland and Puducherry State, Noise monitoring carried out in the various locations. The noise level was increased during Deepawali day as compared to the normal day. There is no huge variations due to Deepawali festival. In the Punjab State, Noise monitoring carried out in the various locations of 11 different cities. In all the cities, noise level was increased during Deepawali day as compared to the normal day. The maximum noise level found at Gurdaspur (C) i.e. 84 db(a) followed by the Jalandhar (R) i.e db(a) during Deepawali day. In the Tamilnadu State, Noise monitoring carried out in the various locations of 11 different cities. In all the cities, noise level was increased during Deepawali day as compared to the normal day. The maximum noise level found at Tirunelveli (R) i.e. 93 db(a) followed by the Madurai (S) i.e db(a) during Deepawali day. In the Tripura State, Noise monitoring carried out in the various locations of 03 different cities. In all the cities, noise level was increased during Deepawali day as compared to the normal day. The maximum noise level found at Udaipur (R) i.e. 76 db(a) followed by the Agartala (C) i.e db(a) during Deepawali day. In the Uttar Pradesh, Noise monitoring carried out in the various locations of 05 different cities. In all the cities, noise level was increased during Deepawali day as compared to the normal day. The maximum noise level found at Jhansi (C) i.e. 96 db(a) followed by the Saharanpur (C) i.e db(a) during Deepawali day. 33

38 10.0 Real Time Ambient Noise Monitoring Network : CPCB is having a network of real time Ambient Noise Monitoring in Seven cities namely, Delhi, Kolkatta, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Lucknow, which are having 5 monitoring location each. The name of the city has been shown in figure 11. Monitoring locations. Figure 11 34

39 Central Pollution Control Board has conducted real time Ambient Noise Monitoring on Normal Day (October 29, 2013) and Deepawali Day (November 03 th, 2013) at Delhi, Lucknow, Kolkata, Bangaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai and Mumbai. Monitoring carried out at various places covering various zones (viz. Commercial, Residential,Industrial & Silence). The citywise Noise level on pre-deepawali day and Deepawali day has been given in Table 21. The values are compared with Ambient standards. Table 21: On line Real time Ambient Noise monitoring data during Pre- Deepawali and Deepawali, Sr. No. Station No. Station Name Pre-Deepawali ( ) Day Night time time Deepawali ( ) Day Night time time Banglore, BTM(R) Banglore, Marathali(C) Banglore, Nisarga Bhavan(R) Banglore, Peeniya(I) Banglore, Parisar Bhavan(C) Chennai, Triplicane(R) Chennai, Guindy(I) Chennai, Perambur(C) Chennai, T.Nagar(C) Chennai, Eye Hosp.(S) Hyderabad, Abits(C) Hyderabad, Punjagutta (C) Hyderabad, Jeedimetla(I) Hyderabad, ZOO(S) Hyderabad, Jublee Hills(R) Delhi, ITO(C) Delhi, NSIT(S) Delhi, Dilshad Garden (S) Delhi, CPCB(C) Delhi, DCE(S) Lucknow, Talkatora(I)

40 Lucknow, Hajrat Gunj(C) Lucknow, P.G.I(S) Lucknow, Indira Nagar(R) Lucknow, Gomti Nagar(S) Mumbai, MPCB, HQ(C) Mumbai, Bandra(C) Mumbai, Ashp(S) Navi Mumbai, Vashi Hosp.(S) Mumbai, Thane(C) Kolkata, SSKM Hosp.(S) Kolkata, Gole Park(I) Kolkata, HQ(C) Kolkata, Patauli(R) Kolkata, New Market(C) Note: - Indicates above the Limit ; - Indicates below the limit. All values in Leq dba The variation of Noise level during Pre-Deepawali and Deepawali day-2013 in 35 locations has been given in Fig. 12 &

41 10.1 Over all Observations during Pre-Deepawali day (October 29, 2013) From table-21, it is noted that the monitoring conducted in Day time and Night time during the pre-deepawali day to compare the results with ambient standards. In the day time monitoring, the Minimum value observed at Delhi, Dilsad garden (s) = 50 Leq.dB(A) and the Maximum value observed at Hyderabad,Punjagutta(c) = 79 Leq.dB(A). It is found that Hyderabad,Punjagutta(c) exceeding the standard limit. In the Night time monitoring the Minimum value observed 46 Leq.dB(A) at all three places namely i) Bangalore,Nisarga Bhavan(R), ii) Delhi, Dilsad garden (s), and iii) Delhi, DCE(S) and it is exceeding the standard Limit. The Maximum value observed at Delhi, ITO(c) and Hyderabad,Punjagutta(c) = 73 Leq.dB(A) and the noise level is exceeding the std limit. 37

42 10.2 Over all Observations during Deepawali (Nov 03 rd 2013) From table-21, it is noted that the monitoring conducted in Day time and Night time during Deepawali day to compare the results with ambient standards. In the day time monitoring the Minimum value observed at Delhi, DCE (s) and Kolkata, Patauli(R) = 53 Leq.dB(A) and the maximum value observed at Hyderabad,Punjagutta(c) = 78 Leq.dB(A). It is found that except Kolkata, Patauli(R), remaining two places namely Delhi, DCE (s) and Hyderabad,Punjagutta (c) the noise level is exceeding the std limit. In the Night time monitoring the Minimum value observed at Delhi, DCE (s) = 49 Leq.dB(A). The Maximum value observed at Hyderabad,Punjagutta(c) = 74 Leq.dB(A). It is found that both the places noise level is exceeding the std limit Zonewise Assessment 11.1 South Zone In South zone, around 15 locations, online real time noise monitoring systems are functioning by CPCB. The locations are given in Map A, B & C. Map (A) - Depicts the monitoring locations in Hyderabad City. 38

43 Map (B) - Depicts the monitoring locations in Chennai City. Map (C) - Depicts the monitoring locations in Bangalore city. 39

44 In the pre-deepawali monitoring (i.e. normal day ) during the day time, minimum value observed at Bangalore Nisarga Bhawan(R) is 55 Leq.dB(A), and maximum value observed at Hyderabad, Punjagutta (C) 79 Leq.dB(A). During the night time, minimum value observed at Bangalore, Nisarga Bhawan 46 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value observed at Hyderabad, Punjagutta (C) 73 Leq.dB(A). In the Deepawali monitoring (i.e ) during the day time, minimum value observed at Bangalore, Peeniya (I) 56 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value observed at Hyderabad, Punjagutta (C) 78 Leq.dB(A). During the night time, minimum value observed at Bangalore Nisarga Bhawan(R), Hyderabad, Zoo(s) and Hyderabad, Jublee Hills(R) are 41 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value observed at Hyderabad, Punjagutta (C) 74 db(a). The variations are depicted in fig

45 11.2 North Zone In North zone, around 10 locations, online real time noise monitoring systems are functioning by CPCB. The locations are given in Map D & E. Map (D) - Depicts the monitoring locations in Delhi City. Map (E) - Depicts the monitoring locations in Lucknow City. 41

46 In the pre-deepawali monitoring (i.e. normal day ) during the day time, minimum value observed at Delhi, Dilshad Garden (S) 50 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value observed at Delhi ITO (C) 74 Leq.dB(A). During the night time, minimum value observed at Delhi, Dilshad Garden (S) and Delhi, DCE(S) is 46 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value observed at Delhi, ITO (C) Leq 73 db(a). In the Deepawali monitoring (i.e ) during the day time, minimum value observed at Delhi DCE (S) 53 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value observed at Delhi ITO (C) 74 Leq.dB(A). During the night time, minimum value observed at Delhi, DCE(S) 49 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value observed at Delhi ITO (C) 73 Liq.dB(A). The variations are depicted in fig

47 11.3 West Zone: In West zone, around 05 locations, online real time noise monitoring systems are functioning by CPCB. The locations are given in Map. F. Map (F) - Depicts the monitoring locations in Mumbai City. In the pre-deepawali monitoring (i.e. normal day ) during the day time, minimum value observed at Navi Mumbai, Vashi Hospital (S) and Mumbai, Thane (C) 65 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value observed at Mumbai, MPCB, HQ (C) 71 Leq db(a). During the night time, minimum value observed at Navi Mumbai, Vashi Hospital (S) 57 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value observed at Mumbai, MPCB, HQ (C) 68 Leq db(a). In the Deepawali monitoring (i.e ) during the day time, minimum value observed at Mumbai, Thane (C) 66 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value observed at Mumbai Bandra (C) and Navi Mumbai, Vashi Hospital (S) 68 Leq.dB(A). During the night time, minimum value observed at Navi Mumbai, Vashi Hospital (S) 58 Leq db(a) and maximum value observed at Mumbai Bandra (C) 67 Leq db(a). The variations are depicted in fig.16 below. 43

48 11.4 East Zone In East zone, around 05 locations, online real time noise monitoring systems are functioning by CPCB. The locations are given in Map G. Map (G) - Depicts the monitoring locations in Kolkata City. 44