Combined Heat & Power with Spinning Reserve - Core of a Larger MicroGrid
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1 Combined Heat & Power with Spinning Reserve - Core of a Larger MicroGrid Suresh Jambunathan, Veolia North America Director, Business Development Suresh.jambunathan@veolia.com
2 AGENDA Observations: Macroeconomic trends CHP, Spinning Reserve, Microgrids: What, why & how Economics Project Development
3 Who is Veolia? plus a Boston area district energy CHP + microgrid
4 A paradigm shift in primary energy supply across the USA Growth: Natural gas, renewable energy (wind, sun, hydro etc ) Decline: Coal, nuclear energy
5 Points towards CHP + renewable energy + dynamic dispatch Clean, reliable & inexpensive energy powers economic vitality. Microgrids centered around Combined Heat & Power (CHP) with Spinning Reserve (SR) are in the sweet spot of maximum energy resiliency at minimum cost.
6 A good reason for a microgrid centered on CHP NYU campus CHP (13.4 MW + 90,000 lb/hr steam). Energy savings $5MM/yr. CHP is the core of a microgrid that serves 22- buildings with power, steam/hot water. Value during extreme events? Hurricane Sandy! Total regional losses: $30-$50 billion NYSE shutdown loss ~$7 billion But. CHP facilities powered on. Global warming is predicted to increase frequency of severe weather events - an argument favoring resiliency?
7 Wind energy is abundant, intermittent and unpredictable Midwest ISO (MISO) 24-hour actual wind power supply 50% supply swing in 5-hours Renewables & the grid Spinning Reserve Voltage Stability Standalone (off-grid) Operation Peak Shaving Load Shifting Source: ABB White paper, Integrating Renewables in Microgrids
8 A CHP centered microgrid can rapidly load follow CHARACTERISTICS Resiliency = Reliability + Redundancy Distributed Generation Source: MGK White Paper; How microgrids can achieve maximum ROI BENEFITS Efficiency - minimize I2R loss Security - grid hardening Scalability eases resource planning
9 Economics & thermodynamics at a midwestern corn-toethanol plant, coal power plant and wind turbine farm * Plant Gas Steam Plant pays for heat Boiler ή = 80% Ethanol plant operations Heat is wasted Coal ** Utility Boiler ή = 83% Steam Steam Turbine Generator STG Grid power Steam Condenser & Cooling Tower Wind Windturbine Farm No heat Grid power * Usually a Waste Heat Oxidizer Boiler. ** Typical of a pulverized coal boiler
10 CHP-SR mitigates overlapping concerns Ethanol plant CHP- SR Utility owned Coal power plant Wind Power producer Entity Concern Traditional solutions Ethanol Plant Cost of steam Cost of grid power Demand reduction measures Preheat feed-water, improve controls Coal Utility Cost of regulations Cost of coal Cost of O&M Spend on pollution control equipment Shut down coal plant Wind Power Producer Unable to deliver firm capacity Blamed for grid instability Blamed as a subsidy hog Spend on simple cycle Gas Turbine (GT) to firm wind Spend on fuel + O&M for GT
11 CHP with Spinning Reserve can economically balance intermittent wind energy allowing steady load following Spinning Reserve Gas Turbine (SR GT) A Gas Turbine that continually varies power output to balance variable wind power generation CHP with Spinning Reserve (CHP-SR) An "electrically oversized thermally matched CHP system, normally operating at reduced power output Case Wind energy Gas Turbine (GT) load GT operation to balance wind energy A High Low Spinning Reserve only B Low High (simple cycle mode) C High Low In CHP with Spinning D Low High Reserve mode IMAGE: Solar turbines
12 Case A: High wind + low load SR GT Burning fuel twice is wasteful and inefficient Fuel to power & steam; System Efficiency 48.7% Steam Balance MMBtu/Yr Fuel Balance MMBtu/Yr Power Balance MWh/yr HRSG 0 SR GT 3,276,000 Wind Power 504,000 Ethanol boiler 1,890,000 Ethanol boiler 2,368,800 SR GT power 252,000 TOTAL 1,890,000 TOTAL 5,644,800 TOTAL 756,000 Waste heat 288 MMBtu/Hr steam Ethanol plant steam HRSG 0 MMBtu/Hr TOTAL 225 MMBtu/Hr Heat Recov. 0% STEAM Ethanol plant boiler Gas 225 MMBtu/Hr LHV ή 80% 282 MMBtu/H GT exhaust 288 MMBtu/Hr Electric Grid TOTAL Gas SR GT load 50% GT power POWER Wind power 390 MMBtu/Hr LHV ή 26% 30 MW 90 MW 60 MW Strategy? minimize lifecyle cost of power and steam
13 Case B: Low wind balanced by high load SR GT Burning fuel twice is wasteful and inefficient Fuel to power & steam; System Efficiency 48.7% Steam Balance MMBtu/Yr Fuel Balance MMBtu/Yr Power Balance MWh/yr HRSG 0 SR GT 5,040,000 Wind Power 252,000 Ethanol boiler 1,890,000 Ethanol boiler 2,368,800 SR GT power 504,000 TOTAL 1,890,000 TOTAL 7,408,800 TOTAL 756,000 Waste heat 396 MMBtu/Hr steam Ethanol plant steam HRSG 0 MMBtu/Hr TOTAL 225 MMBtu/Hr Heat Recov. 0% STEAM Ethanol plant boiler Gas 225 MMBtu/Hr LHV ή 80% 282 MMBtu/H GT exhaust 396 MMBtu/Hr Electric Grid TOTAL Gas SR GT load 100% GT power POWER Wind power 600 MMBtu/Hr LHV ή 34% 60 MW 90 MW 30 MW Strategy? minimize lifecyle cost of power and steam
14 Case C: High wind and low load CHP-SR. Waste heat satisfies thermal load. Burning fuel once and recycling waste heat is efficient and profitable Strategy? minimize lifecyle cost of power and steam
15 Case D: Low wind balanced by high load CHP-SR. Waste heat satisfies thermal load. Burning fuel once and recycling waste heat is efficient and profitable Strategy? minimize lifecyle cost of power and steam
16 Economics: operating assumptions PARAMETER UNIT VALUE COMMENT System availability hrs/yr 8,400 of which, duration of Ethanol plant, windmills, SRGT, coal power plant and CHP-SR High wind hrs/yr 4200 Wind plus SRGT or CHPSR Low wind hrs/yr 4200 Wind plus SRGT or CHPSR Delivered fuel costs Natural gas $/MMBtu, HHV $3.0 Coal $/MMBtu, HHV $3.0 $75 per ton System non-fuel O&M SR GT $/MWh $5.0 Typical CHP-SR $/MWh $10.0 Typical Coal power plant $/MWh $15.0 Typical Ethanol plant boiler $/MMBtu steam $1.0 Assumed Utility Coal boiler Heat Rate MMBtu/MWh 12 Typical for sub-critical Rankine cycle plants Ethanol plant boiler efficiency % LHV 80% Assumed
17 Economics: CHP-SR slashes operating costs Ethanol Plant Boiler cost $MM/yr $/MMBtu steam Fuel: Natural gas $7.8 $4.1 non-fuel O&M $1.9 $1.0 TOTAL $9.7 $5.1 Power cost *steam credit Net cost CHP-SR cost $MM/yr $/MWh $/MWh $/MWh Fuel: Natural gas $13.7 $36.3 ($20.6) $15.7 non-fuel O&M $3.8 $10.0 ($5.0) $5.0 TOTAL $17.5 $46.3 ($25.6) $20.7 * Steam credit reflects value of displaced Ethanol boiler steam Power cost *steam credit Net cost SR GT cost $MM/yr $/MWh $/MWh $/MWh Fuel: Natural gas $13.7 $36.3 $0.0 $36.3 non-fuel O&M $1.9 $5.0 $0.0 $5.0 TOTAL $15.6 $41.3 $0.0 $41.3 *steam credit Net cost Economics of a CHP centered microgrid CHP-SR power is cheaper than wind power with a simple cycle GT Coal plant cost $MM/yr $/MWh $/MWh $/MWh Fuel: coal $13.9 $36.7 $0.0 $36.7 non-fuel O&M $5.7 $15.0 $0.0 $15.0 TOTAL $19.6 $51.7 $0.0 $51.7 CHP-SR is much cheaper than legacy coal power
18 Project development = Make haste.. slowly 1. Set objectives & gather data 2. Conceptualize alternate configurations: technical & economic appraisal 3. Development requires multitasking; seek expert support Technical: Legal: Commercial: Environmental: Financial: Configuration, engineering, procurement, construction Structure of contracting entities (LLC, S or C Corp etc ) Contracts for fuel, power, O&M, grants & incentives Permits Financial models, equity & debt Risks & Mitigants: Project Execution Plan (PEP)
19 Successful project development = Risk mitigation
20 QUESTIONS? Suresh Jambunathan, Veolia North America Director, Business Development
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