Metrology in Industry. The Key for Quality

Transcription

1 Brochure More information from Metrology in Industry. The Key for Quality Description: Metrology is an integral part of the structure of today s world: navigation and telecommunications require highly accurate time and frequency standards; human health and safety relies on authoritative measurements in diagnosis and treatment, as does food production and trade; global climate studies also depend on reliable and consistent data. Moreover, international trade practices increasingly require institutions to display demonstrated conformity to written standards and specifications. As such, having relevant and reliable results of measurements and tests in compliance with mutually recognised standards can be a technical, commercial and statutory necessity for a company. This book, the results of a working group from the French College of Metrology and featuring chapters written by a range of experts from a variety of European countries, gives a comprehensive and international treatment of the subject. Academics involved in metrology as well as people involved in the metrology capacities of companies and institutions will find this book of great interest. Contents: Preface 15 Foreword 17 Chapter 1. Analysis of the Metrological Requirements Needed to Ensure Quality 19 Jean Yves ARRIAT and Klaus Dieter SCHITTHELM 1.1. Introduction Definition of the objectives Choice of the method of measurement Accounting for the selection of the method Defining the method and the principle to implement Choice of the means of measurement Introduction Analysis of what is already available Assessment and acquisition of material Technical criteria Economic criteria Grid of the analysis of the choice Technical assistance for users of measuring instruments The traceability of the measurements The necessity of traceability of the measurements Calibration requirements The selection of standards 39

2 1.6. Conclusion 42 Chapter 2. Organization of Metrology: Industrial, Scientific, Legal 43 Luc ERARD, Jean François MAGANA, Roberto PERISSI, Patrick REPOSEUR and Jean Michel VIRIEUX 2.1. A metrological organization: why? Metrology: how? Scientific and technical metrology The BIPM Results of the international activities Regional organizations Organization at the national level Legal metrology Scope of legal metrology The International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) The European level At national level 73 Chapter 3. Mastering Measurement Processes Approach to the Setting up of a Metrology Function 79 Marc PRIEL and Patrick REPOSEUR 3.1. What to do at the beginning? Goals and role of the measurement management system metrological function The measurement processes Conception and development of a new measurement process Exploitation of a valid process Continuous improvement of measurement processes Management of the measuring equipment (metrological confirmation) Analysis of the requirement and selection of the measuring equipments Receiving the measuring equipment and putting it into service Calibration and verification operations Fitness for use of measuring equipment Setting up a metrological structure within the firm Analysis of the metrological requirements and setting up standards Traceability of the measuring instrument(s) to the firm s reference standards Traceability of the firm s reference standards to the SI Suggested approach for setting up a metrology function 105

3 3.7. Bibliography 106 Chapter 4. Handling of a Bank of Measuring Instruments 109 Jean Yves ARRIAT 4.1. Acquaintance with the bank Inventory Identification Metrological policy of the firm Objective and commitment of the firm s management Plan of actions to launch Awareness, training and vocabulary Selection of the material to be followed periodically Drafting of the documents Codification of the documents Work instructions Result recording documents Other documents Physical handling of the measuring instruments Receipt Transfer Storing and environment Maintenance Follow up of the measuring instruments over time Periodicity of the follow up Campaign of recall Follow up of the results Software for the handling of the means of measurements 125 Chapter 5. Traceability to National Standards 127 Luc ERARD and Patrick REPOSEUR 5.1. Introduction Definitions Traceability Calibration 128

4 Verification Traceability chains Traceability Calibration Calibration in an accredited laboratory Calibration in a non accredited laboratory Verification Verification in an accredited laboratory and in its accreditation scope Verification in a non accredited laboratory or out of the accreditation scope Use of calibration and verification results Use of the results of a calibration Use of the results of a verification Particular cases Self calibrating or self gauging measuring instruments Complex instruments in which components/equipments and software are narrowly combined and large measurement ranges are covered for complex quantities Metrology in chemistry and physical methods of chemical analysis Traceabilty in metrology in chemistry Influence of the principle of the method Documentary traceability Control of the reference materials Conclusion Assessment of traceability Bibliography 146 Chapter 6. Calibration Intervals and Methods for Monitoring the Measurement Processes 149 Patrizia TAVELLA and Marc PRIEL 6.1. Normative requirements Methods for monitoring the instruments in use general criteria First method: metrological redundancies Second method: checking the coherence of the results Third method: monitoring standards and statistical supervision of the measurement processes The determination of the calibration intervals Bibliography 161

5 Chapter 7. Measurements and Uncertainties 163 Marc PRIEL 7.1. Introduction Measurement of physical quantity Analysis of the measurement process The cause and effect diagram method Using the list published in the GUM (section 3.3.2) Errors Cutting down the errors Modeling of the measurement process Measurement procedure and model of the measurement process An essential stage for the assessment of uncertainty: modeling the measurement Assessment of the uncertainty of the input quantities Type A methods Type B methods Comparing the Type A and Type B methods Calculating the combined uncertainty on the result Situation when all the input quantities are independent Situation when the input quantities are dependent Use of the performances of the method (repeatability and freedom of bias) to assess the uncertainty of the measurement result Intra or interlaboratory approaches Intra laboratory approach Interlaboratory approach Data processing for intra and interlaboratory approaches Reporting of the measurement result Example Bibliography 193 Chapter 8.The Environment of Measuring 195 Jean Yves ARRIAT and Marc PRIEL 8.1. The premises Ambient temperature Relative humidity 198

6 Handling of the air conditioning systems Power network Radioelectric disturbances Measurements on site The personnel The connection of metrology function Staff involved in the metrology function The qualification of the personnel The documentation Filing of the documents Management of the documents Bibliography Appendix 206 Chapter 9. About Measuring 209 Claude KOCH 9.1. Preliminary information Physical quantity The object to be measured Field of measurement Four types of uses of measuring instruments Influencing quantities Choice of a measuring principle Differential measurement Direct measurement Indirect measurement Practicing in metrology Implementing the instruments Precautions before measuring Measurements Variations and their sign The time factor Expression of the results 218

7 Graphs Histograms What qualities does a metrologist require? Be inquisitive Be tidy and methodical Be open to doubt Be observant Be honest 223 Chapter 10. Organization of Metrology at Solvay Research and Technology 225 José MONTES Presentation of the company Organization of the metrology sector Creation Missions Organization Geographic localization of the activities Composition of the bank of measuring equipment Metrology Identification Connection of the standards Periodicity of the calibrations Calibration operations Documentation of the calibration results Verdict of the metrological confirmation Indication of the state of the calibrations Personnel and subcontracting 232 Chapter 11. Metrology within the Scope of the ISO 9001 Standard 233 Philippe LANNEAU and Patrick REPOSEUR Introduction Introduction to the evolution of the standard The concept of continuous improvement The process approach 235

8 11.3. Measurement control process The ISO 9001 (2000) standard step by step Conclusion 245 Chapter 12. Training for the Metrology Professions in France 247 Bernard LARQUIER The metrology function in a firm s strategy Metrology profession Metrological engineer Metrological technician Metrological operator Initial training Schools for engineers Courses for higher level technicians Vocational high schools Continuing education Long lasting training courses The teaching of metrology in secondary schools Prospects for the development of long lasting training courses Bibliography 266 The Authors 267 Index 269 Ordering: Order Online - Order by Fax - using the form below Order by Post - print the order form below and send to Research and Markets, Guinness Centre, Taylors Lane, Dublin 8, Ireland.

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