Rural Economy Planning Toolkit

Transcription

1 Rural Economy Planning Toolkit Assessor Version This toolkit has been developed for the Leicestershire Rural Partnership. Background information and resources putting it into a detailed local context is in accompanying documents. Produced by: Funded by:

2 Rural Economic Development Planning Toolkit Introduction Rural economic development is vital for the ongoing sustainability and economic well being of the countryside and its communities. Economic activity in rural areas also makes an important contribution to the economic performance of the county, boroughs and sub-region as a whole. 76% (206,000) of the workforce of Leicestershire work in significantly rural local authority areas according to the 2009 Annual Business Survey [1] Leicestershire and its rural districts have a higher proportion of employees [2] than the English Average in the following key sectors: Manufacture of: Food, Textiles, Paper, Fabricated Metal Products, Machinery Furniture and Electricity/Gas/ Steam and Air Conditioning Products Specialised Construction Wholesale, Retail and Warehousing Postal and Courier Activities Activities of Head Officers and Management Consultancy Research and Development Rental and Leasing Activities. In addition rural estates make a key contribution to the economy of Leicestershire. They employ almost 3500 people, support nearly 1400 rural dwellings and almost 50,000sq ft of rural workspace. More generally it is recognised that rural areas make a very significant contribution to the national economy and could have a bigger impact: If rural firms generated turnover levels comparable to the rural share of employment or enterprises in England, we assess that this unfulfilled potential growth in output from rural firms, may achieve around 236 to 347 billion pa. [3] Government has recognised this by building a rural component into the current (2nd phase) of its growth review commissioned in June 2011.

3 Planning for Rural Economic Development Rural Leicestershire is a good place to do business, and a wide range of economic development proposals can find good homes in our rural areas. These businesses bring important positive contributions such as growth and enhanced local vitality. Often the impacts of development - for example on the character of the local area, on neighbours, on the wider landscape, and the road network - are minimal and can be successfully mitigated through well thought out design and from careful consideration around the detail of proposals. The countryside needs rural enterprise. The alternative is a rural theme park which does no more than provide homes for commuters, higher earners and the retired and offers an attractive playground for people to travel to at weekends. The wider economy also needs rural enterprise, for its overall contribution and because it provides unique places for businesses which cannot be found in towns and cities. Councils are generally supportive of businesses in rural areas, but it is often reported that the planning system can be a stumbling block for existing and new enterprises. Overall, planning policies do not discourage business development in rural areas, but certain requirements need to be met to make sure that proposals fit in well and make a positive contribution to local communities and economies. This toolkit has been designed to help applicants work through all of the issues which planning policy and officers will need to consider, and try and address what is needed, by providing good, relevant information with their planning application. This "Assessor's" version of the toolkit has been produced to provide a framework with which to assess the strengths and weaknesses of a proposal. Use of the toolkits should mean that all parties involved in an application will have a common picture of proposals and how well they address the relevant issues. When completed by an applicant the toolkit will reveal the planning strengths and weaknesses of a proposal and the steps needed to overcome problems and mitigate negative impacts. The completed toolkit will include most of the information needed to support the proposal so applicants are advised to include the completed toolkit and summary statement with their planning application. The Assessor's version of the toolkit offers planning officers and advisors the opportunity to assess and respond to a development proposal using a common framework which is immediately accessible to the applicant. Completion of the Assessor's version of the toolkit can be used to inform pre-application advice, to aid negotiations with an applicant or to help inform the determination of a planning application. When considered together the two versions of the toolkit should represent an important material consideration. The completed Assessor's version of the toolkit will also be a useful document that you can share with interested third parties, such as local residents or the parish council to help them properly understand the development and its assessment by the Local Planning Authority. It may also prove very useful when defending an appeal following a refusal.

4 Using the Tool Planning is a matter of weighing up the benefits that a development will bring with the impact that it will have. The toolkit is split into four sections allowing you to assess the balance of benefit and impact, and thus consider the proposal as a whole. The sections are: Contributing to Growth Enhancing Vitality Minimising Local Impacts Minimising Wider Impacts The Assessor's toolkit will be of greatest value when you are responding to a proposal presented within the Applicant's version of the toolkit. Your main task then is to make an assessment based on your response to the information provided in the Applicant's version of the toolkit, factoring in any other relevant information. Top Tip: you can copy the narrative from the Applicant's version of the toolkit by clicking in the "copy boxes" of the PDF and "cut and pasting" like in any other Word document. If the applicant has not completed a toolkit then you can "import" information provided in the application, any submitted supporting information and any other relevant information that is available. As you work through each section you are invited to assess the likely contribution of the proposal to economic development, and subsequently, to consider its potential impact. To make and record your assessment against each criteria simply click on whichever you consider to be the most appropriate traffic light indicator and the tool will record your response. You will be able to see a summary of your responses at the end of each section and an overall summary on page 30 at the end of the toolkit. Format The tool is provided within an interactive PDF format. This allows you to type in information in the expanding boxes (or to "cut and paste" words from another document) in response to each of the prompts. You can save a partially completed or completed version of the tool on your hard drive just like any other document. This enables you to attach the completed version to an and share with colleagues, the applicant, and other interested parties.

5 Summary Diagram Core Issues Contributing to Growth Main Considerations New / Existing Business Priority Sectors Skills Local Economic Well Being Assessment & Mitigation Enhancing Vitality Addressing Need Local Vitality Supporting Local Businesses & Assets Wider Impact Local Impacts Efficient Use of Land & Materials Good Neighbour Character of Local Area Conservation & Heritage Wider Impacts Highways Sustainable Travel Climate Change Flooding, Waste & Drainage Final Assessment: Should Planning Permission Be Granted? With What Amendments? Subject to What Conditions??

6 Producing An Assessment Statement On completion of the toolkit you can use the information provided to produce a Summary Assessment of the proposal. This statement will identify the strengths and weaknesses of the proposal, highlight where it is lacking in detail, or where more work needs to be done. The Assessment Statement may be of use for Committee Reports and for summing up the merits and problems of the proposal to a wide range of interested parties or as evidence to support a planning appeal. Using the 'Traffic Lights' Use the "traffic light" indicators to make an assessment of the proposal against each criterion. This should be done based on the information provided by the applicant, the user's wider knowledge of the site, the location of the proposed development and local planning policy. Traffic Light Indicators A green light means that there is a positive impact or that the criteria do not apply so there is no problem. An amber light means that the criteria are partly met or that that there is insufficient information to determine what impact there will be. There is a potential problem which could be solved. A red light means that the criteria are not met. This may indicate a significant problem with the proposal which needs to be overcome if at all possible.

7 Using the Indicators The green light should be chosen where it is clear that the proposal meets an evidenced need, where the benefits which it will create are valuable, where there is likely to be minimal impact resulting from the proposals, or when actions proposed to mitigate any potential impact are deemed to be acceptable. The amber light should be used to indicate that the proposal has mixed impacts. It should also be used where there is insufficient information provided to determine what benefit or impact the proposal might have so that more work is required. Amber lights show that there may be things about the proposal which are likely to cause concern and which may need to be addressed. The red light should be used to show that the criteria have not been met or it is considered that the impact of the proposal is likely to be unacceptable. This may indicate that proposal has significant problems. Where a red light is used this indicates that, if possible, changes are needed to improve the proposal before planning consent would be granted. Balancing Benefits and Impacts The tool provides a summary of the assessments made against each of the criteria at the end of each section and an overall summary of the assessments made across all four sections at the end of the document. These summaries can be used to help you to identify problems and weak spots in a proposal which need to be addressed by the applicant. They provide a high level understanding of the balance of positive and negative impact that the proposal is likely to have for all to see.

8 Contact Details for Applicant or Applicant's Agent Title: First Name: Surname: Position Held: Telephone No. (including national dialling code) Fax No. (including national dialling code) address Name and Address of Applicant's Organisation: Organisation Title Building Road Town County Postcode Country Name and Address of Application Site: Building Road Town County Postcode

9 Description of Proposed Development Please provide a short description of the proposal. Top Tip: this description should say what the proposed development is and where the proposed site is. You may well be able to use the description provided from the toolkit completed by the Applicant. Failing this the information will be available in any letter written to initiate pre-application consultations or from the application itself.

10 Contributing to Growth Economic growth is important how will the development proposed contribute? The following prompts will help you assess the positive benefits that the proposal will have in terms of creating economic opportunity, delivering sustainable economic growth and enhancing local economic well-being. A: Existing or New Business Local authorities want to see their local businesses thrive. Will the proposed development deliver growth to an existing business in terms of increased sales, the creation of new jobs and / or increased profit, enhanced competitiveness or investment in supply chains? How well substantiated is this with evidence? If the proposal includes the creation of a new business how will this contribute to economic growth in terms of increased sales, creation of new jobs and / or increased profit and investment in supply chains? How well substantiated is this with evidence? A: Existing or New Business Click to assess:

11 B: Priority Sector Leicestershire is keen to increase the number and scale of enterprises in key business sectors where it has identified existing strengths and opportunities. Whilst not a requirement to achieve planning consent, those businesses that are in or linked to one of the priority sectors should benefit from the fact that their development is already identified within the county as "a good thing". Does the proposal concern a priority sector? What contributions will it make? Priority Sectors: Food & Drink, Distribution, Tourism, Knowledge Intensive Businesses (Appendix 1), High Tech. Engineering, Business Services, Environmental Technologies, Space/Aerospace, Creative Design B: Priority Sector Click to assess: C: Skills Leicestershire is keen to see the level of skills in the workforce increased. It is not a requirement of new development that it increases skills in the workforce however where this does occur the applicants should benefit from the fact that this is widely understood amongst the county's local authorities that generating improved levels of skills is a "good thing". Will the proposed development bring higher levels of skills into the workforce or provide an opportunity to "upskill" people through training? C: Skills Click to assess:

12 D: Economic Well Being It is an important consideration that development generates economic well being in the local area. Where a proposal may cause some negative impacts, such as increasing levels of traffic, the ability of the development to enhance local economic well being will be an important factor in offsetting these impacts. Local economic well-being will be enhanced where the proposed development provides additional opportunities for local people to access the workplace, promotes enterprise or increases the volume of money available within the local community. How might the development support local economic well-being in these or other ways? D: Economic Well Being Click to assess: Summary Assessment for Contributing to Growth: A: Existing or New Business B: Priority Sector C: Skills D: Economic Well Being

13 Enhancing Vitality The following prompts are designed to help you to assess how the proposal will address evidenced need, how it will respond to demand around the need for new workspace, local employment or visitor attractions and how it will enhance the vitality of the host community, the local area, the borough / district, and county E: Address Need It is a key principle of planning that development should meet some form of need. It is therefore important that the proposal addresses evidenced needs such as those for new workspace, new enterprises in priority sectors or locations, investment in existing supply chains, new employment or the creation of new overnight accommodation or visitor attractions. The key word here is "evidence" - proposals should be supported with documents, strategies or policy that supports them. Top Tip: You can access the most up to date information on the current locations of employment via the Leicestershire Employment Land Study at: /sub-regionalpartnership/economic-strategy/employment-land-study/ The wider economic development strategy for Leicester and Leicestershire is available at: leicester-leicestershire-enterprise-partnership-llep-/2 More general information on individual Leicestershire local authorities can be accessed at: E: Address Need Click to assess:

14 F: Local Vitality A very important benefit that development can have is to enhance the vitality of the settlement or community that hosts it. This can be achieved in a number of ways. For example the proposed development might help to support local services by increasing the daytime population; or help other local businesses by increasing the numbers of visitors; or offer new opportunities for employment (full, part-time or seasonal) for local people. It might give the chance for young people to remain in the community by providing access to work or provide a route back into work or to remain in work for economically inactive people. Does the proposal support local vitality in these or any other way? Top Tip: the village or parish may have produced a Parish Plan or may be involved in the production of a Neighbourhood Plan, if so this will provide excellent evidence of what local people feel is needed to improve their community. You can normally get hold of these Plans through the Parish Council. F: Local Vitality Click to assess:

15 G: Support Local Businesses and Build on Local Assets Development will also generate benefits where it helps to improve or maintain the viability of other local businesses or makes good use of local economic assets (Appendix 2). Will the proposed development contribute to local businesses by buying products and services from them? How will it make use of or add value to any existing business assets such as workspace, broadband networks or leverage markets already created by existing visitor attractions? Will the proposal support local businesses and build on local assets in any other way? G: Support Local Businesses and Build on Local Assets Click to assess:

16 H: Wider Economic Impact Might your development generate benefits for the wider area? If so what sort of beneficial impact might it have? For example might it build on an emerging cluster of activity (Appendix 2), provide an important asset or facility which is not currently available or help add to the tourism proposition of the borough as a whole? Will it create new high quality employment or opportunities for increased vocational training? Might it help to increase supply, or demand for super fast broadband? Might it provide a good example of energy efficient construction or low carbon energy use? All these things will add to the total "value" created by the proposal and will help to offset any potential negative impact. Top Tip: You can access more information about the Leicestershire Rural Partnership s rural priorities at: H: Wider Economic Impact Click to assess: Summary Assessment for Enhancing Vitality E: Address Need F: Local Vitality G: Support Local Businesses and Assets H: Wider Impact

17 Local Impacts Inevitably new development in a rural setting may generate some negative impacts. It is important to minimise any negative impacts applicants should be encouraged and helped to do so. The following prompts help you to assess how the proposal will make efficient use of land and will protect and enhance the environment and any local heritage assets. They also address the potential impact that the proposal may have on the amenity of any neighbours, the character of the local area, on the landscape, heritage and on biodiversity. I: Efficient Use of Land & Materials It is a basic principle of planning that new development uses as few non-renewable resources as possible. The preference is always that previously developed land will be used unless there are specific requirements relating to the development which make this impossible. Will the proposal re-use any existing buildings or previously developed land? Does the design proposed minimise the amount of undeveloped land taken and the use of non-renewable resources (e.g. aggregates, metals, plastics etc.)? I: Efficient Use of Land & Materials Click to assess:

18 J: Good Neighbour It is an objective of planning that new development should not unduly harm the amenity of existing neighbouring occupiers residential or commercial. What impact might the proposal have on the development's neighbours? Are any impacts on neighbouring residential amenity adequately addressed and minimised. J: Good Neighbour Click to assess: K: Landscape and Local Character Impacts Planning policy places a high degree of protection on the character of countryside and of rural towns and villages. It is important that impact on the landscape is minimised as far as is possible. It is especially important when the site of the development is within, or close to, a designated landscape (such as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty) or to a heritage designation, such as a Conservation Area or Listed Building. If the site does affect a designated landscape a higher level of design and work to minimise the impact should be expected. Landscape Impact Is the proposed development situated within a nationally designated landscape (for example an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty)? Is it situated within a local designation such as 'Area of Significant Landscape Value' or 'Green Wedge'? What will the landscape impact of the proposal be? Have steps been taken to minimise landscape impact to an acceptable degree?

19 Local Character Is the proposed development situated within a Conservation Area? Does it include or is close to a Listed Building? What would the impacts of the proposals be on the built character of the local area? Is the style of the building and its size and scale consistent with the local vernacular? Would it introduce a new type of building or different materials? Will the use of the building change the character of the area? K: Landscape and Local Character Impacts Click to assess:

20 L: Conservation Planning policy also places a high degree of protection on the natural environment, on biodiversity and on our heritage. Heritage Does the application site include or is it close to a Scheduled Ancient Monument or other archaeological feature? How will the proposal be likely to affect these features? Biodiversity & Habitat Does the application site include or is it close to an SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest) or other environmental designation? Will the proposed development have a significant impact on biodiversity, habitat or biocapacity? Have steps been taken to minimise any impacts to an acceptable degree?

21 Trees and Hedges Does the proposal require the removal of any existing trees or hedges? Is this acceptable? Do the proposals contain steps to mitigate against the impact of this loss to an acceptable degree? L: Conservation Click to assess: Summary Assessment for Minimising Local Impact: I: Efficient Use of Land J: Good Neighbour K: Character of the Local Area L: Conservation & Heritage

22 Wider Impacts In addition to the impact that development has on the local area there are a number of other important issues to consider. These are set out within this section and include some of those which do have the potential to make a proposal unacceptable, such as matters relating to flooding and highways. The following prompts are designed to help you assess how the proposal will ensure highway safety, contribute to sustainable travel and tackle climate change, and manage water and wastes in sustainable ways. M: Highways Leicestershire County Council is the Highway Authority. They have provided a statement regarding highway safety issues and the role of the Highway Authority in assessing rural economic development proposals which can be found in Appendix 4. This should be looked at to help inform your assessment. It also contains contact details for the Highway Development Control Team at the authority. Pedestrian and Vehicular Access Does the proposed development include a new or altered access (for vehicles or pedestrians), or could it lead to a potential increase in traffic above that generated by the current use of the site? If so will the proposed access comply with the policies and guidance contained in the 6Cs Design Guide? Top tip: The 6Cs Design Guide on highways issues is available via this link

23 Safety on the local road network Will the proposals generate increased levels of traffic on the local road network? Could the proposals lead to an increase in HGV traffic using roads that are subject to weight restrictions? Both of these issues will be particularly important where local roads are unsuitable in their design, layout and construction to cater for the additional traffic that could be generated by the proposed use of the site. If either of these issues applies what steps have been taken to ensure that the impacts are of an acceptable level? Will appropriate facilities for pedestrians and cyclists be provided? Car Parking If the proposal will lead to an increase in the demand for off-street car parking, it will normally need to comply with the guidance on car parking provided by the Highways Authority. You should also consider whether appropriate space been provided within the site for servicing and deliveries. Guidance on published standards for car parking, turning etc is set out in the 6Cs Design Guide ( M: Highways Click to assess:

24 N: Sustainable Travel It is a basic presumption of planning that developments should be sited in locations which are accessible to people and do not generate an increased need to travel. Where this is not possible the fullest use should be made of public transport, walking and cycling. National planning policy recognises that this is not always easy to achieve in rural development. However, it is still a very important principle to strive for wherever possible and one that the HA place a significant degree of emphasis on. Applicants are asked explain: a) Why the site for the development is the most suitable b) The steps that they have taken to minimise the need for additional journeys and maximise the number of those journeys that will be made by public transport, walking and cycling. c) How the proposal will provide local jobs that minimise the need to travel to the site. Top tip: steps to minimise the need for additional journeys include investment in modern information and communications technology. It this a suitable site for the development? Have sufficient steps been taken to minimise additional journeys by private car? Will the proposal provide local jobs? Suitability of Site: Minimise additional journeys by private car:

25 Provide local jobs: Rights of Way Does the proposal have any impact on an existing right of way? If so, the usefulness and enjoyment of that right of way must be protected or enhanced. Has this been done? If the proposal contains any new rights of way what is the value of these and will they be implemented in an acceptable way? N: Sustainable Travel Click to assess:

26 O: Climate Change Public policy requires that all development makes every effort to minimise climate change impacts. This can be achieved in a number of ways including the use of renewable energy, re-use of existing buildings and materials, reducing the need to travel and enabling people to live more sustainably. Does the proposed development promote sustainable living or working? Will the development ensure efficient use of natural resources? Will the development help to reduce the production of greenhouse gases? O: Climate Change Click to assess:

27 P: Flooding, Waste & Drainage Flooding It is a basic principle of planning that development should not take place in areas which are subject to, or at risk from flooding. Where a risk of flooding does exist measures should be included in the design to protect the development. In some instances where the risk of flooding is too great development may not be allowed. Is the site in an area of flood risk? If so are acceptable measures proposed within the design to address this risk? Top Tip: information on flood risk is available from the Environment Agency's Interactive Flood Map Foul Sewage New development should not cause pollution. Is foul sewage from the development collected and disposed of acceptably, with least environmental impact?

28 Surface Water and Storm Water Run Off New development should not contribute to the risk of flooding or cause soil erosion. How is clean surface water from roofs and hard landscaping areas collected and disposed of (with least environmental impact)? Is this acceptable?. Are there proposals for retaining or re-using storm water run off within the development. Are these acceptable? Minimise Waste It is a basic principle of sustainable development that as little waste is created as possible and that which is created is managed in a sustainable way. How much waste is the development expected to create and of what type. Have any measures been proposed to minimise production of waste, and to collect and manage the waste created, including the re-cycling and re-use of waste?

29 Hazardous Waste If the development will produce hazardous waste how will this waste will be managed, collected and disposed of? Might the development reduce the production of hazardous waste - for example by replacing an intensive livestock enterprise? P: Flooding, Waste & Drainage Click to assess: Summary Assessment for Minimising Wider Impact M Highways N Sustainable Travel O Climate Change P Flooding, Waste & Drainage

30 Overall Summary You have completed the Assessor's toolkit. The overall summary of your assessment, shown below, gives you an over view of the merits of the proposal. Don't forget to save a copy of the completed toolkit! It is something you will want to use in discussions with the applicant, in documents such as committee reports and for summing up the merits and problems of the proposal to a wide range of interested parties. Contributes to growth: Existing or New Business Priority Sector Skills Economic Well Being Enhances Vitality: Address Need Local Vitality Support Local Businesses & Build on Local Assets Wider Economic Impact Local Imapcts: Efficient Use of Land & Materials Good Neighbour Landscape and Local Character Impacts Conservation Wider Impacts: Highways Sustainable Travel Climate Change Flooding, Waste & Drainage

31 If the assessment is entirely green then this shows that the proposal will contribute to growth and enhance vitality whilst not causing any undue impacts to its local area or more widely. If the assessment includes some amber indicators then this shows that there are potential problems with the proposal that the applicant needs to try and solve, or that there is insufficient detail available to assess what the impact will be. Where it is possible to do so, applicants should be encouraged to address issues assessed as amber by making improvements which enable the assessment to be changed to green. Red lights mean that there are significant problems with the proposal. It might be possible for the applicant to overcome these by making changes around design, siting, scale etc. Where this is not possible the retention of a red light does not necessarily mean that the proposal should fail. This will come down to a determination of whether the potential benefits of the development as a whole outweigh its likely impact. Some problems, though, may mean that the proposal has to be refused.

32 Assessment Statement Now you can write your Assessment Statement. Drawing on each section of the toolkit the Statement should summarise the proposal's strengths and how it minimises its impacts. If the proposal has particular merits you should highlight them, together with any significant problems, areas where more information is needed, and improvements which would materially improve the chances of planning permission. Unless there are insoluble problems with the proposal, the Assessment Statement is an important place to lay out what changes to the proposal would make a grant of planning permission more likely. The aim should be to help the applicant make their proposals better and more acceptable. If there are insoluble problems with the proposal, make this clear, and explain them fully. This may prove a very useful document to support your involvement in any subsequent appeal proceedings. Top Tip: if you click on each box where you have inserted copy you can cut and paste it into the Summary Statement, or any other document. Summary Statement

33 Appendix 1 Knowledge Intensive Businesses Back to page 11 High Tech Manufacuturing Manufacture of pharmaceuticals Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery Medium-high Tech Manufacturing Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products Manufacture of electrical equipment Manufacture of machinery and equipment nec Manufacture of motor vehicles Manufacture of other transport equipment Knowledge Based Services (private sector) Water transport Air transport (including space transport) Software publishing Motion picture, video and tv programme activities Programme and broadcasting activities Telecommunications Computer programming, consultancy and related Information service activities (e.g. web portals, news agencies) Financial services (banks, building societies, trusts) Insurance and pensions Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance Professional, Scientific and technical activities Legal and accounting Head office and management consultancy Architectural and engineering design Scientific R&D Advertising and market research Other professional, scientific and technical (includes environmental) Vetinary Creative, arts and entertainment Libraries,archives, museums and other cultural Activities of member organisations Knowledge Based Services (public sector) Public admin and defence Education Human health activities Creative Industries Printing - newspapers and recorded media Software publishing Motion picture, video and tv programme activities Programme and broadcasting activities News agency activities other information services Advertising and market research Specialised design services? Photographic activities Cultural Industries Creative, arts and entertainment Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural Sports activities, amusement and recreation activities

34 Appendix 2 Significant Local Clusters Back to page 15 Industry Blaby Charnwood Harborough Hinckley & Bosworth Melton NW Leics Oadby Manufacture of food products Manufacture of wearing apparel Manufacture of wood & of products of wood & cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw & plaiting materials Manufacture of paper & paper products Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery & equipment Manufacture of machinery & equipment n.e.c. Manufacture of furniture Electricity, gas, steam & air conditioning supply Specialised construction activities Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles & motorcycles Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles Warehousing and support activities for transportation Postal and courier activities Activities of head offices; management consultancy activities Scientific research & development Rental and leasing activities Key: Local Cluster: No Local Cluster: