An evolvable Network of Tiny Sensors (ANTS)

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Bernard Gallagher
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1 n evolvable etwork of iny ensors (A) for Public and EPC ensor etwork Daeyoung Kim Assistant Professor, Associate Research Director Auto-ID Lab Korea Information and Communications University CEO ensor etworks Research, Inc.

2 Contents What is Ubiquitous ensor etwork? A and Public ensor etwork Auto-ID Labs and EPC ensor etwork Conclusion 2

3 EPC RFID etwork Architecture 3

4 Active ags Battery assisted Long-range Active ag (eg. avi) MHz, 27.8 kbps, 0.6mW, 100m (UHF transceiver) 123KHz, 3.65m, Wake-up LF receiver Lifetime 5years, active twice per day 128KB memory, -30 ~ 70 degrees operating environment 4

AL (mart Active Labels) Label surface substrate and overlay protection RFID inlet (Antenna, chip, etc) Power ource (hin and flexible battery) Backing substrate and adhesive layer AL : hin and

Demonstration argeting AL with temperature tracking first emi-al Integrated or or separate sensors & A/D converter ensors A/D Converter & Multiplexer Chip Memory Logic & Power Management Modulator &

5 AL (mart Active Labels) Label surface substrate and overlay protection RFID inlet (Antenna, chip, etc) Power ource (hin and flexible battery) Backing substrate and adhesive layer AL : hin and Flexible Labels having an IC and power sources tarted from early 2002, now has 17 companies Power Paper, Graphic olutions, KW microtec, etc 4 sub-working groups: tandard, echnology, User, Demonstration argeting AL with temperature tracking first emi-al Integrated or or separate sensors & A/D converter ensors A/D Converter & Multiplexer Chip Memory Logic & Power Management Modulator & Demodulator Antenna & Matching network AL Integrated Integrated or or separate separate sensors sensors & A/D A/D converter converter ensors A/D Converter & Multiplexer Memory Logic & Power Management Controller MOD DEMOD PLL PA PA LA x Antenna Chip Batter y emi-passive Label (PowerID M ) Chip Chip Duplexer Rx Antenna & Matching network Battery 5 Battery Battery

ensor etworks etwork of sensor nodes with computation &

: Estimate moving direction & speed Mobile ensors : racking

6 ensor etworks etwork of sensor nodes with computation & sensing & wireless communication capabilities What we can do with ensor etworks? ensing(actuation) : Motion->Image->Classifier Collaboration : Estimate moving direction & speed Mobile ensors : racking Internet // Other Other network Base tation ensor field Large # ensors 6 Low Power Ad-Hoc /W ensor node

Automatic Identification (Read) (Long range) (ensing)

7 RFID meets ensor etwork RFID Research ensor etwork Research History (Read/Write) Battery ensors mart ensors Automatic Identification (Read) (Long range) (ensing) (Ad-hoc network) Passive RFID Active RFID mart Active Label ensor etwork 7

Ubiquitous ensor etwork Everywhere, everything with RFID tags ensing ID and

Only RFID Read/Write RFID ensing U etworking U Environment Animal tracking ervice and

network) (IP based core network) IM-2000 WLA type 4G Wire-line xdl ew radio interface

8 Ubiquitous ensor etwork Everywhere, everything with RFID tags ensing ID and environmental information Providing services via network Ubiquitous ensor etwork Read Only RFID Read/Write RFID ensing U etworking U Environment Animal tracking ervice and application Hospital RFID Home network U DMB DV Celluar PC BC Bc (IP based core network) (IP based core network) IM-2000 WLA type 4G Wire-line xdl ew radio interface Ubiquitous Wireless ensor etwork Logistics, CM elematics, I PDA Chipless tags mart Active Labels 8 RFID + ensing

3 GHz mobile Internet (WiBro( WiBro) - DMB service 8 - Home network service - Bc 3 (Broadband Convergence etwork) - G Mobile Phone - Digital V - Home

9 Vision of Korean I839 trategy I839 trategy A master plan for the I industry, in an effort to gain more growth momentum from the I sector in Korea. Introducing and promoting 8 ervices Building 3 infrastructures Developing 9 I ew Growth Engine GHz mobile Internet (WiBro( WiBro) - DMB service 8 - Home network service - Bc 3 (Broadband Convergence etwork) - G Mobile Phone - Digital V - Home etwork - I oc 9 - elematics service - U - Post PC - RFID based service - W-CDMA service - DV service (Ubiquitous ensor etwork) - IPv6 - Embedded /W - Digital Contents - elematics - VoIP service - Intelligent Robot 9

Evolvability in ensor etworks ensor networks will populate the world as the present Internet does Evolvability Facing a deeply dynamic Future.

10 Evolvability in ensor etworks ensor networks will populate the world as the present Internet does Evolvability Facing a deeply dynamic Future. We need evolvability: Adapt to new environments and applications upport of present tendencies and able to evolve according to market innovations, anticipating the future Adaptability Modularity calability Upgradability Dependability Interoperability A Functionality Evolvability Relation Hardware Adaptability (different nodes for different requirements),modularity & scalability (component based), Upgradability & dependability (fault-tolerant dynamic upgrades), adaptability (by allowing HW and W updates) Operating system Adaptability (different nodes for different requirements), Modularity & scalability (component based), Upgradability & dependability (fault-tolerant dynamic upgrades), adaptability (by allowing HW and W updates) etwork Architecture Communication Protocols calability (with number of micro or macro nodes ), Interoperability (providing easy access to gateways) calability (with number of nodes) adaptability & dependability (to new or dead nodes and moving nodes or sub-networks) Localization ecurity calability and adaptability (for new generations of nodes) dependability (dead nodes, whichever reason) Adaptability (new trust values dependent on incoming traffic) scalability & modularity (new security option at applications level) dependability (activity values for dead nodes) ynchronization Context Awareness calability & adaptability (for new HPLs or LPs) Interoperability (to other networks through BO), adaptability & dependability (delivering context data through a secondary context overly network), scalability (not dependent on size of network) 10

11 Hardware & oftware Platform A 11 Power Management A-PM Localization A-PLDL ynchronization FP A - Cync ecurity A-F A-R A-CKM Inter-hread Communication hread ynchronization hread cheduler

13 A Pilot Project Haroobang for Disaster management & U-tourismU Field est in Halla Mountain (1950m high) Jeju Island 13

14 A Pilot Project Haroobang for Disaster management & U-tourismU est ite in Cheju University in Jeju Island (Jan. 5, 2006) 14

15 Auto-ID Labs Research Focus Business, Application, Privacy & ecurity Fundamentally ew Business Processes (Payment, Leasing, Quality Mgmt, Factory Design, Brand Protection, Grey Markets, Counterfeiting, etc) etworking & oftware ystem Architecture vs. Infrastructure (EPC ensor etwork, FC, Apps- versus Event-ervers) RF & Chip Design From Class 1 to Class 5 (Memory, emi-active, Active, ensors, Wireless) Basic Research Deployment 15

16 EPC ag Classification EPC ag Class Class 0 Class 1 Class 2 ag Class Capabilities Read only, (I.e., the EPC number is encoded onto the tag during manufacture and can be read by a reader, not written to) Read, write once (I.e., tags are manufactured without the EPC number which can be encoded onto the tag later in the field Read / write / Higher functionality Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 2 capabilities plus a power source to provide increased range and/or advanced functionality, e.g., sensors Class 3 capabilities plus active communication and the ability to communicate with other tags Class 4 capabilities plus the ability to communication with passive tags as well 16

EPC ensor etwork Components Link sensor data with corresponding master data to change it to valuable information tore and maintain updated sensor data with the help of EPCI repository EPCI provides

threshold, unit ensor data accumulating (average, reliability) ensor Event manipulation, ensor ag election ensor data moothing ranslate complex sensor data query from I to ensor ag specific

17 EPC ensor etwork Components Link sensor data with corresponding master data to change it to valuable information tore and maintain updated sensor data with the help of EPCI repository EPCI provides decision point to react sensor data give commands to ensor ag actuator throughout backward communication channel ensor data filtering & aggregation according to type, effective distance, periods, threshold, unit ensor data accumulating (average, reliability) ensor Event manipulation, ensor ag election ensor data moothing ranslate complex sensor data query from I to ensor ag specific query/operation to inject into B sensor etwork Discovery service provides linkage to specific servers which have sensor network information sensor data translator Enables heterogeneous sensors to be interoperable Reader management Provides sensor network management using other network protocols (MP, UPnP, OGi) ensor Identification Memory for ensor data reading and sensor operation air interface ensor ag, Active ensor ag, Active ensor ag etwork 17

18 Conclusion RFID & ensor etwork is a key enabling technology for Ubiquitous Computing Emerging of new generation of ensor etworks Will change the paradigm of Ubiquitous ensor etworks ew requirement: evolvability A building a: Complete architecture Flexible and adaptable Prepared for the future for Public and EPC ensor etworks 18

IntelliSense RFID Workshop

IntelliSense RFID Workshop RFID Technology from Sensing to Interacting European research on RFID O. Vermesan, SINTEF, Norway Radisson SAS Scandinavia, Oslo, Norway 28 November 2007 1 Outline RFID Policy