Crane 101. An introduction to mobile cranes by Anthony Crane USA

Transcription

1 Crane 101 An introduction to mobile cranes by Anthony Crane USA

2 Overview of recent rule changes Scope of new standards Crane operations and safety

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7 Cranes & Derricks in Construction Major changes: Ground conditions Certified operators Qualified riggers, signal persons Power line clearance Inspections 1b

8 Cranes & Derricks in Construction Equipment types Ground conditions Assembly/ disassembly Power lines, grounding Signal persons Riggers Operator certification/ qualification Warning signs, tags Fall protection Work area controls, hazards Inspections 1f

9 Equipment included Articulating cranes (knuckle-boom cranes) Crawler cranes Floating cranes Cranes on barges Locomotive cranes Mobile cranes (wheel-mounted, rough-terrain, all-terrain, commercial truck-mounted, and boom truck cranes) 2a

10 Equipment covered Multi-purpose machines when configured to hoist and lower (by a winch or hook) and horizontally move a suspended load Tower cranes Dedicated pile drivers Service/mechanic trucks with a hoisting device Derricks 2b

11 Equipment excluded Power shovels, excavators, wheel loaders, backhoes, loader backhoes, track loaders. Also excluded when used with chains, slings, or other rigging to lift suspended loads Automotive wreckers/tow trucks used to clear wrecks/haul vehicles 2c

12 Equipment excluded Digger derricks used for augering holes for poles carrying electric and telecommunication lines Powered industrial trucks except when configured to hoist and lower (by means of a winch or hook) and horizontally move suspended load 2d

13 Equipment excluded Mechanic s truck with a hoisting device when used in activities related to equipment maintenance and repair Machinery that hoists by using a come-a-long or chainfall 2e

14 Equipment excluded Certain material delivery equipment Articulating/knuckle-boom truck cranes that deliver material to a construction site when used to transfer materials from the truck crane to the ground, without arranging the materials in a particular sequence for hoisting 2f

15 Ground conditions Definitions: Ground conditions Supporting materials Problems: Lack of knowledge Lack of expertise 3a

16 Ground conditions Safe ground conditions: Firm Drained Graded Crane s degree of level is met 3b

17 Assembly/disassembly Directed by a person who meets criteria for: competent person, and qualified person Assembly/disassembly (A/D) director must understand applicable A/D procedures 4a

18 A/D training Training before A/D operations begin Crew members must understand: Their tasks Associated hazards Hazardous positions/locations to avoid 4b

19 Assembly/disassembly When movement of the equipment (or load) could injure employees Employees must inform the crane operator before they go In, on, or under the equipment or load Out of operator s view 4c

20 A/D power line clearance Up to 350 kv Clearance distance 20 feet Unless using one of the options below 1. Deenergize and ground 2. Preventing encroachment 3. Follow table A clearance 7a

21 Table A minimum clearance Voltage (nominal, kv) Min. Clearance Dist. (feet) Up to Over 50 to Over 200 to Over 350 to Over 500 to Over 750 to 1, Over 1,000 Established by utility owner/operator or registered PE 7b

22 Power line safety during operation up to 350 kv Up to 350 kv, clearance distance 20 feet Operating closer, use Options 1, 2, 3: 1. Deenergize and ground 2. Prevent encroachment 3. Follow table A clearance 8a

23 Recommended evacuation procedure Crane operator should remain inside the cab until the lines have been de-energized. All personnel should keep away from the crane, ropes, and load Operator should remove the crane from contact by reversing direction 15a

24 Signal person Needed when: Load is not in full view of operator Equipment is traveling (obstructed view) Operator determines necessary Only one person gives signals 16a

25 Signal person Evaluated by: Third party qualified evaluator portable Employer s qualified evaluator not portable Pass oral or written test and practical test Documentation needed: Type of signaling qualified in 16b

26 Signal person Know/understand type of signals used: Hand signals standard method Competent in use Understand equipment operation: Limitations Swinging/stopping loads Boom deflection 16c

27 Signal person Signals must be continuous Operator must obey signal to stop Voice signals must be agreed upon in advance Post hand signal charts on equipment or nearby 16d

28 Stop/emergency signal Anyone aware of safety problem must alert operator or signal person Operator must obey stop or emergency signal Operator has authority to stop operation 17a

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30 Qualified riggers For assembly/disassembly work When workers are within fall zone Hooking Unhooking Guiding a load Doing initial connection of load 18a

31 Qualified riggers Meets qualified person criteria Recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing Extensive knowledge, training, experience Demonstrates ability to solve load rigging problems 18b

32 Qualified riggers NOT required to be certified or assessed by third party Employers determine qualification Qualification is not portable No documentation required 18c

33 Qualified/certified crane operator State/government licensing was effective Nov. 8, 2010 Other certification/qualification effective Nov. 10, 2014* 19a

34 Except Sideboom cranes Qualified/certified crane operator Equipment capacity 2,000 lbs. or less Derricks (unless digger derrick used for installing electric line poles) Must meet minimum expertise criteria in subpart CC 19b

35 Certification Written exam Practical exam Qualified/certified crane operator Certified for type and capacity of crane Valid for 5 years 19d

36 Qualified/certified crane operator Four qualification/certification options 1. Certification from accredited crane operator testing organization 2. Qualification from employer through audited employer program 3. Qualification from US military 4. Licensing by state/local government (meets minimum OSHA requirements) 19e

37 Warning signs or tags Tagging out-of-service equipment Tag placed on cab Tagging out-of-service function Tag placed conspicuously near switch, knob, lever 20a

38 Fall protection Falls occur During assembly/disassembly During access to/from work stations On tower crane walkways 21a

39 Fall protection Types of fall protection Fall protection equipment Fall restraint system Same type of fall protection equipment required under other OSHA standards 21b

40 Fall protection Exceptions Operators moving to and from cab Employees on decks 21c

41 Fall protection During A/D operations: Use fall protection on walking/working surface 15 feet or more above lower level Except Near draw works (equipment running) In cab On the deck 21d

42 Fall protection During non-a/d operations: Use fall protection equipment When moving point-to-point on Non-lattice booms Lattice booms, not horizontal Horizontal lattice booms when fall is 15 ft or more At work station, Except near draw works (equipment running), in cab, on the deck 21e

43 Work area control Struck by or pinch/crush hazards: Struck by the rotating superstructure Crushed against another part of the crane or against another object by rotating superstructure 22a

44 Work area control Install control lines, warning lines, railings Danger-Swing/Crush Zone warning Train employees 22b

45 Work area control Inform the crane operator before you go: In, on, or under the equipment or load Out of operator s view 22c

46 Crane inspection Prevent injuries, fatalities Done by competent person and/or qualified person 23a

47 Crane inspection 1. Modified equipment 2. Repaired/adjusted equipment 3. Post-assembly 4. Each shift 5. Monthly 6. Annual 7. Wire rope/safety devices/operational aids 23b

48 Crane inspection each shift Each shift: Begin visual inspection prior to each shift the equipment will be used Must be completed before or during that shift Consist of observation for apparent deficiencies 23c

49 Crane inspection monthly Monthly: Identical in coverage to the shift inspection Document the inspection/retain for 3 months Documentation must show the: Items checked/results of inspection Name/signature of person Date it was done 23d

50 Crane inspection annual Ensures thorough, comprehensive inspection Detect/address deficiencies that might not be found in each shift/monthly inspections Performed by a qualified person Disassembly of equipment may be needed 23e

51 Crane inspection wire rope Wire rope Safety devices Operational aids 24a