NO CASH SUMMER survey

Transcription

1 NO CASH SUMMER survey Cash and usage of European consumers at home and on holiday Thierry Meerschaert Frederico Goncalves InSites Consulting Prepared For: Corinne Raes, Communications Businesss Leader, MasterCard Europe, June 2013

2 2 Table of contents Research background Results section Card ownership and usage Dealing with money and s on the go Card usage on holiday Holiday behavior and needs General attitudes towards payment method

3 Methodology Sample Research 3 Background In this consumers (age 18+) across 8 countries were interviewed. Average sample size per country is over 400 Sample is representative for country population on age (18-60 yrs old) and gender. All have been on leisure holiday for at least two consecutive days in the last year All are in possession of a debit and/or credit. Field period: May 29 th June 4 th 2013 n Spain 414 Italy 406 Germany 405 Sweden 466 United Kingdom 411 France 400 Poland 403 Ukraine 405 Total 3310

4 5 Table of contents Research background Results section Card ownership and usage Dealing with money and s on the go Card usage on holiday Holiday behavior and needs General attitudes towards payment method Travel profile

5 6 EU consumers use most often debit s. Especially in Sweden debit s are most widely used. Q. Which of these s do you use most often? Debit and Credit Cards Usage A credit Both credit and debit s equally A debit

6 7 Almost all owners carry one of their s when on holiday, be it credit or debit. When at home, only 3 in 5 will carry a. Credit s Debit s Is carrying any when being on holiday Is carrying any when being at home 98 %

7 8 Across Europe, a vast majority of credit owners carries at least one of these s, when on holiday. Almost all Spanish, Italian and French credit owners do so. When at home, there are not so many who will carry a credit, particularly the Spanish and the Polish. Ukraine is the only country where the vast majority of credit owners carries a, both on holiday and at home. Q. Which credit s do you actually carry with you? Credit brand at hand Is carrying any credit when being on holiday Is carrying any credit when being at home %

8 9 Across Europe, a vast majority of debit owners carries at least one of these s, when on holiday. Almost all French debit owners do so. When at home, there are not so many who will carry a debit, particularly the Spanish and the Polish. Ukraine is the only country where the vast majority of debit owners carries a, both on holiday and at home. Q. Which debit s do you actually carry with you? Debit brand at hand Is carrying any debit when being on holiday Is carrying any debit when being at home %

9 In most European countries consumers pay less often with s on holiday than they do at home. Q. How often do you pay for something with cash and how often by (credit or debit)? Card vs cash usage % frequently on holiday - % frequently at home D Very frequently Frequently Ocassionally Rarely Very rarely On holiday At home Cash Cards 10

10 1 out of 2 EU consumers would prefer to pay more often with if this would be available at all merchants on holiday or at home. Q. As you know, for several reasons, it is today sometimes not possible to pay with (credit or debit) s. Suppose it would be possible to pay everywhere with cash or (credit or debit). So you actually would always have the choice between payment by or cash payment. Would you be inclined to pay more often with cash or more often by? Desired payment method Always by More often by Similar More often with cash Always with cash On holiday At home 11

11 For younger EU consumers 2 out of 5 would prefer using s more often, compared to 1 out of 2 in the older age groups. Q. As you know, for several reasons, it is today sometimes not possible to pay with (credit or debit) s. Suppose it would be possible to pay everywhere with cash or (credit or debit). So you actually would always have the choice between payment by or cash payment. Would you be inclined to pay more often with cash or more often by? Desired payment method yrs yrs yrs Always by More often by Similar More often with cash Always with cash On holiday At home 12

12 13 Table of contents Research background Results section Card ownership and usage Dealing with money and s on the go Card usage on holiday Holiday behavior and needs General attitudes towards payment method Travel profile

13 Most EU consumers put cash and s in their wallet. On holiday 1 out of 8 uses a dedicated pouch. Q. Where do you put your cash money / credit or debit s most often when on the go? On holiday vs at home. Storing cash and s on the go In my wallet In a dedicated pouch In my trousers In my jacket pocket Other At home On holiday Cash Cards 14

14 In Spain and UK trousers are more popular to put cash in, compared to the other countries. Q. Where do you put your cash money / credit or debit s most often when on the go? On holiday vs at home Storing cash and s on the go In my wallet In a dedicated pouch In my trousers In my jacket pocket Other At home On holiday Cash Cards 15

15 Polish consumers prefer even more putting their money and s in their wallet. In Ukraine dedicated pouches are quite popular on holiday. Q. Where do you put your cash money / credit or debit s most often when on the go? On holiday vs at home Storing cash and s on the go In my wallet In a dedicated pouch In my trousers In my jacket pocket Other At home On holiday Cash Cards 16

16 17 European consumers carry significantly more cash on holiday, compared to being at home. Nearly 1 out of 4 is carrying over 300 on holiday. Q. On average, how much cash do you carry? Only -countries: Spain, Italy, Germany and France No cash SEK SEK SEK SEK 50-99SEK 25-49SEK 10-24SEK 5-9SEK 1-4SEK No cash SEK: SEK: Cash in pocket +300 : Total +300 : GBP GBP GBP GBP At home On holiday % No cash 98 % GBP GBP No cash No cash GBP GBP GBP +300GBP: +300GBP: : +300 : : +300 : No cash PLN PLN PLN PLN PLN PLN PLN 5 9 PLN 1 4 PLN No cash : +300 : PL?: +300PLN: No cash No cash : +300 : +300 : +300 :

17 Over 1 out of 5 consumers experienced merchants not accepting s when being on holiday. In Ukraine and Poland this is also happening at home. Q. How often has it happened to you that you wanted to pay by (credit or debit), but it was not possible to do so and you had to pay cash? No option to pay by (Almost) Never Once in a while Often Very often On holiday At home 18

18 19 Table of contents Research background Results section Card ownership and usage Dealing with money and s on the go Card usage on holiday Holiday behavior and needs General attitudes towards payment method Travel profile

19 20 Credit s are the most popular payment method for travel and accommodation. In Sweden debit s are most popular, in Ukraine cash is most popular. Q. If you think back to the last holiday trip you made, how did you pay for each of the following? Pre-travel usage Travel (e.g. flight) Accomodation (e.g. hotel) Credit Debit Cash Not appl. Credit Debit Cash Not appl. Credit Debit Cash Not appl. Credit Debit Cash Not appl Credit Debit Cash Not appl. Credit Debit Cash Not appl. Credit Debit Cash Not appl. Credit Debit Cash Not appl. Credit Debit Cash Not appl.

20 21 Consumers +25 are mainly using credit s to pay for travel and accommodation. Youngsters rather use debit s or cash. Q. If you think back to the last holiday trip you made, how did you pay for each of the following? Pre-travel usage Travel (e.g. flight) Accomodation (e.g. hotel) Credit Debit Cash Not appl. Credit Debit Cash Not appl. Credit Debit Cash Not appl yrs yrs yrs Credit Debit Cash Not appl. Credit Debit Cash Not appl. Credit Debit Cash Not appl. Sign. higher (9) than other group

21 22 In general EU consumers make less use of s when being on holiday. Italian and to a lesser extent Spanish consumers indicate using s more often. Q. Would you say you make use more often or less often of your (credit or debit) when being on holiday compared to your daily life at home? D Positive proportions indicate consumers using more often s on holiday than at home Card usage home vs holiday Card Usage More Often on Holiday No difference Card Usage Less Often on Holiday

22 23 Main driver for less usage on holiday is EU consumers feel more secure paying with cash. Q. Why do you use less often a (credit or debit) when being on holiday? Reasons for less usage on holiday More secure w/ cash Not possible w/ Cost to high Afraid is stolen Afraid PIN is copied Afraid of overspending Too complicated Limit to low Other

23 24 Main driver for higher usage on holiday is convenience. Q. Why do you use more often a (credit or debit) when being on holiday? Reasons for more usage on holiday More convenient w/ Afraid cash is stolen More secure w/ Often without cash Faster w/ Better to track expenses Not possible w/ cash Fear of overspending 1 Other

24 Products in higher price range are more often paid for with. Trend is similar on holiday and at home. Q. Below you can find different products or services you can buy. We would like to think how you pay for each when being at home and when being on a holiday trip.? Cash vs usage Mostly with cash Mostly with s D Negative proportions indicate consumers are using more s at home compared to on holiday to pay for the category goods. Fuel for your car Clothes in a boutique Groceries at supermarket Meal in a restaurant Tickets to events A book in a bookshop Souvenirs 5 5 Local products Shopping at the local market Drinks in a bar Public transport A bread at a bakery Newspaper Tip for the waiter 8 8 On holiday At home Cash Cards 25

25 Italian and German consumers tend to pay more by on holiday, except for groceries and restaurant meals. Q. Below you can find different products or services you can buy. We would like to think how you pay for each when being at home and when being on a holiday trip.? Cash vs usage Mostly with cash Mostly with s Negative D proportions indicate consumers are using more s at home compared to on holiday to pay for the category goods. D D D D Fuel for your car Clothes in a boutique Groceries at supermarket Meal in a restaurant Tickets to events A book in a bookshop Souvenirs Local products Shopping at the local market Drinks in a bar Public transport A bread at a bakery Newspaper Tip for the waiter On holiday At home Cash Cards 26

26 Swedish, UK and French consumers pay more often with at home for the different categories, compared to on holiday. Q. Below you can find different products or services you can buy. We would like to think how you pay for each when being at home and when being on a holiday trip.? Cash vs usage Mostly with cash Mostly with s Negative D proportions indicate consumers are using more s at home compared to on holiday to pay for the category goods. D D D D Fuel for your car Clothes in a boutique Groceries at supermarket Meal in a restaurant Tickets to events A book in a bookshop Souvenirs Local products Shopping at the local market Drinks in a bar Public transport A bread at a bakery Newspaper Tip for the waiter On holiday At home Cash Cards 27

27 28 For groceries and drinks in a bar, Ukrainian consumers make more use of s on holiday compared to at home. Q. Below you can find different products or services you can buy. We would like to think how you pay for each when being at home and when being on a holiday trip.? Cash vs usage Mostly with cash Mostly with s Negative D proportions indicate consumers are using more s at home compared to on holiday to pay for the category goods. D D D Fuel for your car Clothes in a boutique Groceries at supermarket Meal in a restaurant Tickets to events A book in a bookshop Souvenirs Local products Shopping at the local market Drinks in a bar Public transport A bread at a bakery Newspaper Tip for the waiter

28 29 On holiday, products with a higher cost are more often paid for by. Q. When being on holiday how do you pay for the following? Cash vs usage Mostly with cash Mostly with s Mostly with s vs. Mostly with cash D Positive D proportions indicate consumers are using more s compared to cash on holiday to pay for the category goods. Hotel rooms/apartment Car rental 5 3 Train tickets 3 3 Toll Guided tours 5-3 Souvenirs 6-4 Taxi 7-6 Ice cream or snacks 8-7 Posts 8-8

29 30 For Spanish consumers train tickets and toll are more often paid with compared to the EU average. Q. When being on holiday how do you pay for the following? Cash vs usage Mostly with cash Mostly with s Hotel rooms/apartment Car rental Train tickets Toll Guided tours Souvenirs Taxi Ice cream or snacks Posts

30 31 A high proportion of French consumers pays by for rooms, car rental, train tickets and toll. Q. When being on holiday how do you pay for the following? Cash vs usage Mostly with cash Mostly with s Hotel rooms/apartment Car rental Train tickets Toll Guided tours Souvenirs Taxi Ice cream or snacks Posts

31 32 Most EU consumers use leftover coins for a next trip, 1 out of 5 is putting them in a box, but forgetting about them. Q. What do you usually do with foreign coins when coming back from holidays? 4 Dealing with leftover coins I don't have any foreign coins /family) Other I Other exchange them into my currency I don't I don't have have any any foreign foreign coins coins forgetting where I give I collect give them them to coins to other other in people order people to (friends/family) (friends/family) use them on a next Other trip I exchange I Other exchange them them into into my my currency currency I don't have I don't any have foreign any coins foreign coins I put Other I put the the coins coins somewhere somewhere but but often often forgetting forgetting where I where give them I collect I collect give to other them the people coins to coins other in in (friends/family) order people order to to (friends/family) use use them them on on a a next next I exchange trip trip I exchange them into them my currency into my curren 6 give them to other people (friends/family I put the coins I put the somewhere coins somewhere but often but forgetting often forgetting where I where collect the I collect coins the in order coins to in use order them to use on 6 I put the coins somewhere but often forge m to other people I exchange them into my I put the coins somewhere but I collect the coins in order to use ends/family) currency often forgetting where them on a next trip Other I don't have any foreign coins I give them to other people I them into my I put the coins but Other I don't have any foreign coins I give them to other people I exchange them into my I put the coins somewhere buti collect I collect the the coins coins in in order order to to use use (friends/family) often where them on a next trip Other Other I don't have I any don't currency foreign have any coins foreign I give coins often them to I give forgetting other them people to other where people them I exchange them I exchange on a next into my them trip into I put my the coins I put somew the c (friends/family) (friends/family) Other I don't currency currency have any foreign coins often I give forgetting often them to ot w (friends/fa

32 Older consumers are more likely to save the leftover coins for a next trip, whereas younger consumers more often forget to reuse them. Q. What do you usually do with foreign coins when coming back from holidays? 4 Dealing with leftover coins /family) forgetting where I don't have any foreign coins Other I Other exchange them into my currency I don't I don't have have any any foreign foreign coins coins I give I collect give them them to coins to other other in people order people to (friends/family) (friends/family) use them on a next Other trip I exchange I Other exchange them them into into my my currency currency I don't have I don't any have foreign any coins foreign coins I put Other I put the the coins coins somewhere somewhere but but often often forgetting forgetting where I where give them I collect I collect give to other them the people coins to coins other in in (friends/family) order people order to to (friends/family) use use them them on on a a next next I exchange trip trip I exchange them into them my currency into my curren give them to other people (friends/family I put the coins I put the somewhere coins somewhere but often but forgetting often forgetting where I where collect the I collect coins the in order coins to in use order them to use on yrs yrs I put the coins somewhere yrs but often forge m to other people I exchange them into my I put the coins somewhere but I collect the coins in order to use ends/family) currency often forgetting where them on a next trip Other Other I don't I don't have have any any foreign foreign coins coins I give I give them them to to other other people people I exchange I exchange them them into into my my I put I put the the coins coins somewhere somewhere but but I collect I collect the the coins coins in in order order to to use use (friends/family) (friends/family) currency often forgetting where them on a next trip Other Other I don't have I any don't currency foreign have any coins foreign I give coins often them to I give forgetting other them people to other wherepeople them I exchange them I exchange on a next into my them tripinto I put my the coins I put somew the c (friends/family) (friends/family) Other I don't currency currency have any foreign coins often I give forgetting often them to ot w (friends/fa Sign. higher (9) than other group 33

33 34 Table of contents Research background Results section Card ownership and usage Dealing with money and s on the go Card usage on holiday Holiday behavior and needs General attitudes towards payment method Travel profile

34 35 European consumers see the advantages of paying with s on holiday and consequently want to use them more, even for smaller amounts. However, one in three find this to be impossible. Q. To what extent do you agree with each of the following statements? Holiday behavior and needs Top 2 I would prefer merchants to drop the minimum limits for paying by If possible I would like to pay more by when on holiday If possible, I would also pay small amounts by When I go abroad on holiday, I usually have so many different things on my mind that I don't want to worry about looking for cash and I use s for my convenience I would rather pay cash less often Too often it is impossible to pay by when on holiday On holiday, when paying for drinks on a terrace it's best to pay with a so you don't have to worry about receiving incorrect change I often feel lost on holiday when I can't pay by Totally agree Neutral Totally disagree

35 36 European consumers would prefer using less cash on holiday. They believe in innovations leading to higher usage. Q. To what extent do you agree with each of the following statements? Holiday behavior and needs Top 2 In the summer, I want my life to be as easy as possible Looking for a cash machine on holiday is wasting time which could be spent on the beach or enjoying the city With technological innovations happening constantly, cash will soon be something from the past When traveling I carry a lot of things already so I prefer not to carry a lot of notes and coins too While on holiday I don't like to carry notes and coins as I'm afraid of being robbed In the summer I don't carry a hand/bag and often wear clothes without pockets so cash is a problem It's very easy for me to lose track of my expenses when travelling abroad I would like to be able to pay all my expenses with my phone because I always have it on me Totally agree Neutral Totally disagree

36 37 South European consumers are highly favorable towards payment by s on holiday. Q. To what extent do you agree with each of the following statements? Holiday behavior and needs Proportions show top 2 agreement I would prefer merchants to drop the minimum limits for paying by If possible I would like to pay more by when on holiday If possible, I would also pay small amounts by When I go abroad on holiday, I usually have so many different things on my mind that I don't want to worry about looking for cash and I use s for my convenience I would rather pay cash less often Too often it is impossible to pay by when on holiday On holiday, when paying for drinks on a terrace it's best to pay with a so you don't have to worry about receiving incorrect change I often feel lost on holiday when I can't pay by 3 1

37 38 Like South Europeans, Eastern European consumers are highly favorable towards payment by s on holiday. Q. To what extent do you agree with each of the following statements? Holiday behavior and needs Proportions show top 2 agreement I would prefer merchants to drop the minimum limits for paying by If possible I would like to pay more by when on holiday If possible, I would also pay small amounts by When I go abroad on holiday, I usually have so many different things on my mind that I don't want to worry about looking for cash and I use s for my convenience I would rather pay cash less often Too often it is impossible to pay by when on holiday On holiday, when paying for drinks on a terrace it's best to pay with a so you don't have to worry about receiving incorrect change I often feel lost on holiday when I can't pay by

38 39 Compared to the EU average Spanish and Italian consumers think more often cash is a hassle. Q. To what extent do you agree with each of the following statements? Holiday behavior and needs Proportions show top 2 agreement In the summer, I want my life to be as easy as possible Looking for a cash machine on holiday is wasting time which could be spent on the beach or enjoying the city With technological innovations happening constantly, cash will soon be something from the past When traveling I carry a lot of things already so I prefer not to carry a lot of notes and coins too While on holiday I don't like to carry notes and coins as I'm afraid of being robbed In the summer I don't carry a hand/bag and often wear clothes without pockets so cash is a problem It's very easy for me to lose track of my expenses when travelling abroad I would like to be able to pay all my expenses with my phone because I always have it on me 3 3 3

39 40 Compared to the EU average consumers of Eastern Europe think more often cash is a hassle and would rather not carry too much cash. Q. To what extent do you agree with each of the following statements? Holiday behavior and needs Proportions show top 2 agreement In the summer, I want my life to be as easy as possible Looking for a cash machine on holiday is wasting time which could be spent on the beach or enjoying the city With technological innovations happening constantly, cash will soon be something from the past When traveling I carry a lot of things already so I prefer not to carry a lot of notes and coins too While on holiday I don't like to carry notes and coins as I'm afraid of being robbed In the summer I don't carry a hand/bag and often wear clothes without pockets so cash is a problem It's very easy for me to lose track of my expenses when travelling abroad I would like to be able to pay all my expenses with my phone because I always have it on me

40 Attitudes towards payment when on holiday don t vary much with gender. Q. To what extent do you agree with each of the following statements? Holiday behavior and needs Proportions show top 2 agreement I would prefer merchants to drop the minimum limits for paying by If possible I would like to pay more by when on holiday If possible, I would also pay small amounts by When I go abroad on holiday, I usually have so many different things on my mind that I don't want to worry about looking for cash and I use s for my convenience I would rather pay cash less often Too often it is impossible to pay by when on holiday 3 3 On holiday, when paying for drinks on a terrace it's best to pay with a so you don't have to worry about receiving incorrect change 3 3 I often feel lost on holiday when I can't pay by 2 3 Sign. higher (9) than other group 41

41 In comparison to men, women are more keen on an easygoing holiday, and self-aware of its potential hassles. Q. To what extent do you agree with each of the following statements? Holiday behavior and needs Proportions show top 2 agreement In the summer, I want my life to be as easy as possible Looking for a cash machine on holiday is wasting time which could be spent on the beach or enjoying the city With technological innovations happening constantly, cash will soon be something from the past When traveling I carry a lot of things already so I prefer not to carry a lot of notes and coins too While on holiday I don't like to carry notes and coins as I'm afraid of being robbed In the summer I don't carry a hand/bag and often wear clothes without pockets so cash is a problem It's very easy for me to lose track of my expenses when travelling abroad I would like to be able to pay all my expenses with my phone because I always have it on me Sign. higher (9) than other group 42

42 Older age groups are more favorable towards payment with s. Q. To what extent do you agree with each of the following statements? Holiday behavior and needs Proportions show top 2 agreement yrs yrs yrs I would prefer merchants to drop the minimum limits for paying by If possible I would like to pay more by when on holiday If possible, I would also pay small amounts by When I go abroad on holiday, I usually have so many different things on my mind that I don't want to worry about looking for cash and I use s for my convenience I would rather pay cash less often Too often it is impossible to pay by when on holiday On holiday, when paying for drinks on a terrace it's best to pay with a so you don't have to worry about receiving incorrect change I often feel lost on holiday when I can't pay by Sign. higher (9) than other group 43

43 Younger consumers indicate more than older consumers loosing track of their holiday expenses. Q. To what extent do you agree with each of the following statements? Holiday behavior and needs Proportions show top 2 agreement yrs yrs yrs In the summer, I want my life to be as easy as possible Looking for a cash machine on holiday is wasting time which could be spent on the beach or enjoying the city With technological innovations happening constantly, cash will soon be something from the past When traveling I carry a lot of things already so I prefer not to carry a lot of notes and coins too While on holiday I don't like to carry notes and coins as I'm afraid of being robbed In the summer I don't carry a hand/bag and often wear clothes without pockets so cash is a problem It's very easy for me to lose track of my expenses when travelling abroad I would like to be able to pay all my expenses with my phone because I always have it on me Sign. higher (9) than other group 44

44 45 Table of contents Research background Results section Card ownership and usage Dealing with money and s on the go Card usage on holiday Holiday behavior and needs General attitudes towards payment method Travel profile

45 46 European consumers see the advantages of and electronic payment methods over cash (except for France). Q. On a scale of 1 to 10 which payment methods offer you the best way to manage your money? The higher the score the more a method is considered to be the best way to manage money Average score (/10) 5,9 6,5 Managing money via payment method 6,1 6,6 6,4 6,7 5,9 6,7 Cash and Cheque Cards and Electronic payments/transfers 4,9 6,0 6,4 6,5 6,1 6,2 6,4 5,5 5,7 6,6

46 47 European consumers believe cash is the cheapest way to pay for goods, particularly in UK and Spain. Q. There are fees and costs linked to many of the ways we pay for goods. Which do you think is the cheapest way to pay? 5 Cheapest payment method ments/transfers s repaid Credit Electronic s Debit s Cash payments/transfers Credit Cheque s Prepaid Debit Cashs Electronic Credit s payments/transfers CashCheque Prepaid Debit s Cheque Credit Electronic s Prepaid payments/transfers Cash Electronic Debi p

47 More consumers aged 55+ consider credit s to be the cheapest payment method. Q. There are fees and costs linked to many of the ways we pay for goods. Which do you think is the cheapest way to pay? Cheapest payment method ments/transfers s repaid Credit Electronic s Debit s Cash payments/transfers Credit Cheque s Prepaid Debit Cashs Electronic Credit s payments/transfers CashCheque Prepaid Debit s Cheque Credit Electronic s Prepaid payments/transfers Cash Electronic Debi p yrs yrs yrs Sign. higher (9) than other group 48

48 49 Table of contents Research background Results section Card ownership and usage Dealing with money and s on the go Card usage on holiday Holiday behavior and needs General attitudes towards payment method Travel profile

49 50 For their last trip 1 out of 2 European consumers stayed in the country, 1 out of 2 went abroad. German and Swedish consumers more often went abroad. Q. Was your last holiday trip abroad or did you stay in your country of residence? Home country or abroad 5 Abroad Own country 4 D Positive proportions indicate vacationers going more abroad than stay in their own country

50 51 European consumers mainly visit other EU countries, about 1 out of 4 travels to a neighbouring country. Q. What was the country of destination? Destination country A neighboring country European country (but not a neighboring country) A country outside Europe

51 52 Most Europeans prefer the city and the beach as holiday destinations. Q. How would you best describe your last holiday trip? Holiday Types City trip) Beach holiday Holiday in a holiday park 2 Wellness/spa break 1 Walking holiday Ski holiday Holiday in a fun-fair Cycling holiday Golf holiday Other 1 1 1

52 53 Over 1 out of 3 European consumers spent over 8 overnight stays on their last holidays. Q. How long was your last holiday trip? Duration of Vacations 4 1 overnight stay 2 to 3 overnight stays 4 to 7 overnight stays to 14 overnight stays 15 or more overnight stays

53 Thank you! Thierry Meerschaert, Business director New York I Timisoara I London I Rotterdam I Ghent 54