Bringing Open Access to the Researchers. A n e w M a x P l a n c k i n i t i a t e d a p p ro a c h

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1 Bringing Open Access to the Researchers A n e w M a x P l a n c k i n i t i a t e d a p p ro a c h Kai Geschuhn, Max Planck Digital Library February 2016

2 Open access shares

3 MPDL funded OA papers

4 Open access publishing at Max Planck

5 Openess plays a limited role in publishing decisions Publishers Publishers Publishers Publishers Publishers? PLOS PLOS BMC

6 The desicion for OA is often not easy Publication Funds Golden route Text- and datamiming Double dipping Open Access Green route Copyrights Postprints Open data Hybrid Repositories Open software Open Peer Review Institutional OA Policies Open Educational Resources Predatory publishing Quality? Reputation Journal Impact Factor Preprints Open humanities Funder Mandates Culture of publishing

7 Conclusion Publishers Publishers Publishers Publishers Publishers Moving the researchers towards open access didn t work.

8 Underlying business model Publishers Publishers Publishers Publishers Publishers A powerful lever, but still untouched LIBRARY SUBSCRIPTIONS

9 Swiss franc Serials crises, still alive and kicking Subscription costs of ETH Zürich library for three major publishers Source: Christian Gutknecht at wisspub.net:

10 What if? we took the money currently spend on licenses and subscriptions and finance open access publishing with it instead? the existing traditional publishers changed their business models and charge institutions/ authors for publishing instead of reading?

11 MPDL Whitepaper enough money in the system? D i s r u p t i n g t h e s u b s c r i p t i o n j o u r n a l s b u s i n e s s m o d e l for the necessary large-scale transformation to open access.

12 Far enough! Publishers Publishers 1.5 million anually Publishers published articles Publishers Publishers Subscription Price per article: 7.6 bn / 1.5 million articles = ~ 5,000 per article LIBRARY 7.6 bn

13 APC levels, current evidence from pure OA publishers German OpenAPC Initiative at

14 Scenario of transformation Global view Subscription market today Global market volume 7.6 bn EUR 1.5 M research papers (WoS); up to ~ 2 M overall 5,000 EUR/ article WoS; 3,800 EUR/ article overall After an OA transformation Global basis volume 4 bn EUR 2 M research papers 2,000 EUR/article

15 Output volume and expenses in DE, UK, and FR Publication data 2013 ~30% ~45% ~23% > APC 2, After an OA transformation >120 Total number of articles (in K) Articles relevant to expenses (in K) Expenses Open Access (in M ) Expenses subscriptions (in M )

16 Institutional level Max Planck formula Total paper output According to Web of Science data, articles and article reviews 10,000 research articles per year APC relevant share Maximum of 6,000 (60%) (between 40-60% corresponding author papers) This pattern is persistent across the various OA publishers and stable over time Average APC level monitored Current average APC of ~ 1,300 EUR, based on 1,046 APC invoices with a total spend (including taxes) of some 1.3 EUR million [as of April 2015] Expected total expenditure These anticipated costs are very comfortably within our current spending levels 6,000 x average APC + safety margin 12 million The Max Planck as a heavily output-oriented research organization is able and committed to make the transformation.

17 Conclusion A transformation based on realistic APC expectations shows clear potential of savings.

18 The lesson is clear: An OA transformation seems to be possible without financial risks. Subscriptions must be stopped and reinvested in open access business models.

19 Stop subscriptions, shift the business model Publishers Publishers Publishers Publishers Publishers LIBRARY OA PUBLISHING

20 Bringing open access to the researchers Publishers Publishers PLOS Publishers Publishers PLOS BMC LIBRARY

21 Staging the Open Access Transformation of Subscription Journals 8-9 December 2015

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25 Thank you. Data analyses by Margit Palzenberger / RIO, please cite: Palzenberger, M. (2015). Number of Scholarly Articles per Country.