DECOMPOSITION OF EXPANDED AUSTENITE IN AISI 316L STAINLESS STEEL NITRIDED AT 450 C
|
|
- Lesley Black
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 DECOMPOSITION OF EXPANDED AUSTENITE IN AISI 316L STAINLESS STEEL NITRIDED AT 450 C Frederico Augusto Pires Fernandes 1, Luiz Carlos Casteletti 2, George Edward Totten 3 and Juno Gallego 4* 1 Doctoral Student, Department of Materials Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Brazil. 2 Full Professor, Department of Materials Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Brazil. 3 Visiting Professor, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, USA 4 Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP at Ilha Solteira, Brazil. *Corresponding author: gallego@dem.feis.unesp.br ABSTRACT Abstract: Expanded Austenite (γ N ) can be produced during plasma nitriding of austenitic stainless steels and it provides high levels of strength, toughness and corrosion resistance compared to traditional nitride layers. However, expanded austenite properties are significantly harmed by decomposition caused by thermodynamic metaestability. In the present work, austenitic stainless AISI 316L steel was plasma nitrided at 450 C for 5 hours at 5mbar and microstructurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy which confirmed the presence of FCC expanded austenite with a lattice parameter up to 9.5% larger than untreated austenite. TEM analyses of thin foils showed that fine nitrides were formed in the γ N layer and some areas were observed with a singular lamellar morphology very similar to the pearlite colonies found in carbon-steels. SAED (selected area electron diffraction) analysis suggests that these areas are composed of BCC ferrite and cubic chromium nitrides produced after a localized decomposition of the expanded austenite layer. The occurrence of γ N decomposition is associated with a microsegregation of ferrite stabilizers (Cr, Mo) and depletion of an austenite stabilizer (Ni) in regions of the layer in which wear and corrosion properties were lost. INTRODUCTION AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel provides excellent corrosion resistance due to higher amounts of chromium, nickel and molybdenum combined with lower carbon content. However, its hardness and wear resistance are relatively poor, limiting some applications. Low temperature nitriding can improve both hardness and wear resistance with the formation of expanded austenite (γ N ) 1-3 which has higher strength, toughness and corrosion resistance compared to the traditional nitride white layers. However, expanded austenite layer properties are significantly harmed by decomposition caused by its thermodynamic metaestability 4. The aim of the present work is to investigate microstructural changes in expanded austenite produced by nitriding at 450 C.
2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Disks of approximately 3mm thickness were machined from a commercial round AISI 316L stainless steel bar whose chemical composition is given in Table 1. Polished surfaces for nitriding were prepared after wet-grinding with sandpaper up to 1500 grit and final mechanical polishing with 1.0µm alumina. Sputtering in a 500Pa argon atmosphere was performed during 0.5h at 400 C followed by direct current plasma nitriding at 450 C for 5h at the same pressure. The nitriding atmosphere was composed of 80% H 2 and 20% N 2 by volume. Tab. 1: Chemical composition (wt%) of the AISI 316L stainless steel C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo N Cu Fe Bal. Small pieces were cut from the nitrided layers for preparation of conventional cross-sectional metallographic samples for observation under Zeiss Axiotech optical microscope. After Bakelite mounting and the metallographic preparation procedure previously described, the samples were etched in a fresh solution containing 75 ml hydrochloric acid and 25 ml nitric acid. The phase constituents in the substrate and plasma nitrided layer were analyzed with a Rigaku Geirgerflex difractometer (Bragg-Brentano configuration) using Cu Kα 1 radiation (1.5405Å) and graphite monochromator. The diffracted intensity was recorded between 30 to 100 range, swept with speed of 2 /min -1. Diffracted reflections obtained from X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns were compared with Crystallographic Information Files (CIF) available from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was applied to investigate a planview section of nitrided layer where the treated surface of the thin foil is normal to incident electron beam. The substrate side of nitrided samples were carefully ground up to 150µm thick when 3.0mm diameter disks were punched with an appropriate device. A transparent thick lacquer protective layer was deposited on the nitrided surface to prevent its degradation during TEM sample preparation. Thin foils were obtained by one-side jet electro-polishing where a 5% perchloric acid-95% acetic acid solution (by volume) at room temperature was used with a polishing potential/current of 40V/40 ma respectively. The TEM observations were performed in a Philips CM120 microscope equipped with an EDS microanalysis device operated at 120kV (λ = Å). Crystallographic parameters were determined from Selected Area Electron Diffraction Patterns (SAED), using a standard calibrated camera length (λl = 36.4Å.mm). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The microstructure of the AISI 316L sample was composed by 40µm equiaxed austenitic grains as shown in Fig. 1(a). Optical microscopy indicates that plasma nitriding performed at 450 C results in a homogenous and uniform layer without significant nitride formation. Small, but perceptible, changes in layer thickness were noted which are probably due to anisotropic nitrogen diffusion into austenite grains with different crystallographic orientations.
3 The XRD patterns obtained from untreated and nitrided AISI 316L steel are shown in Fig. 1(b). The substrate presents diffraction peaks at 43.7, 50.8, 74.7, 90.7 and θ scattering angles which are consistent respectively with {111}, {200}, {220}, {311} and {222} reflections of γ austenite. Small intensity of {220}γ reflection was attributed to the texture introduced by rolling. After plasma treatment, some of these γ reflections, such as {111} and {200}, were observed with low relative intensity while others reflections are completely missing. Diffraction peaks were observed on 41.2, 46.0 and θ scattering angles after nitriding at 450 C which are respectively associated with {111}γ N, {200}γ N and {311}γ N expanded austenite reflections. The results in Tab. 2 confirm the increase of the γ N lattice parameter and its anomalous behavior relating to untreated FCC austenite (a o = 3.59Å) due to anisotropic expansion 1. Fig.1: Optical cross section of plasma nitrided AISI 316L at 450 C showing 15µm thick homogeneous expanded austenite layer in (a); XRD patterns of substrate and nitrided layer in (b). Tab. 2: Lattice expansion calculated for each reflection of XRD results. γ N reflection 2θ angle [ ] Lattice parameter [Å] expansion [%] {111} {200} {311} Atomic nitrogen in solid solution occupies an octahedral interstitial site in the FCC lattice of austenite. Its presence promotes a decrease of the stacking fault energy. Therefore, higher stacking fault densities and compressive residual stresses can be expected in the expanded austenite. The presence of planar defects and their elastic strain fields have resulted in different shifts for each γ N reflection in the XRD pattern according to Warren s theory 5. Thin foil observations made by TEM have confirmed a massive formation of stacking faults in the expanded austenite layer as shown in Fig. 2. Calculations performed from the SAED patterns indicate that lattice expansion of γ N is slightly higher (14%) than those obtained by XRD analysis which is due to the lower level of compressive residual stress in thin foil samples 6.
4 Fig.2: Dark field TEM micrographs showing two sets of stacking faults bundles in same area of γn thin foil sample. Selected spots near (002) in (a) and (131) in (b). The investigation performed by TEM showed that the microstructure of the expanded austenite layer is complex. In some regions, small rounded particles ( Å) were found as shown in Fig. 3(a). The ring-type SAED pattern indicates that there are a larger number of diffracting particles with a preferential orientation (texture) related to the substrate which was not investigated here. Indexing diffracted rings have shown that these particles posses a crystalline structure compatible with cubic chromium nitride (CrN) whose volume fraction is considerably smaller than the detection limit of the XRD technique. The amorphization of expanded austenite was also observed in sparse regions of the nitrided layer as depicted in Fig. 3(b). This kind of structure is easily confirmed by broad and diffuse halos in a ring-type SAED pattern. The localized loss of crystallinity can be attributed to the effect of nitrogen implantation processing combined with the low diffusivity of substitutional elements such as chromium7. Fig.3: Thin foil TEM micrographs showing fine chromium nitride precipitation in (a) and an amorphous region (A) near decomposed γn area (D) in (b). Some regions of the expanded austenite layer presented a peculiar lamellar microconstituent as shown in Fig.3(b) and Fig.4(a). SAED Analyses showed that the lamellae were composed of BCC ferrite and CrN. Formation of the aggregate can be considered a result of expanded austenite decomposition8 the presence of which can harm both wear and corrosion resistance of the nitrided layer. EDS microanalysis
5 confirm that chemical composition of regions with and without decomposition are significantly different. Regions of γ N as P1 in Fig. 4(a) usually possess lower Cr and Mo (α stabilizers) and higher contents of Ni (γ stabilizer). Nevertheless, decomposed γ N regions as P2 contain a very high content of α stabilizers and a low amount of γ stabilizer probably due to microsegregation events. Fig.4: TEM micrograph showing in (a) regions of expanded austenite (P1) and γ N decomposition (P2). EDS microanalysis spectra of P1 and P2 positions are presented respectively in (b) and (c). CONCLUSIONS The investigation of nitrided AISI 316L samples indicates that fine chromium nitride was formed which cannot be identified by XRD analysis due to a low volume fraction but TEM is able to identify its presence. Some sparse regions of the expanded austenite layer presented amorphization. Evidence of expanded austenite decomposition was found on the nitrided surface. The formation of these decomposed areas is related to enrichment of chromium/molybdenum (ferrite stabilizers) and depletion of nickel (austenite stabilizer) of the expanded austenite. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank Brazilian research agencies CNPq (L.C.C. and J.G.) and CAPES (F.A.P.F.) for grants received which supported this work. REFERENCES [1] Dong, H. International Materials Reviews, v. 55, 2010, pp [2] Rivière, J.P. et al. Surface & Coatings Technology, v. 201, 2007, pp [3] Christiansen, T. and Somers, M.A.J. Scripta Materialia, v. 50, 2004, pp [4] Williamson, D.L. et al. Surface & Coatings Technology, v. 65, 1994, pp [5] Warren, B. E. X-Ray Diffraction. Dover, New York, 1990, 381p. [6] Meletis, E. I., Singh, V. and Jiang, J. C. Journal of Materials Science Letters, v. 21, 2002, pp [7] Collins, G. A. et al. Surface & Coatings Technology, v , 1995, pp [8] Mitchell, D.R.G. et al. Surface & Coatings Technology, v. 165, 2003, pp
PLASMA NITRIDING AND NITROCARBURIZING OF A SUPERMARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL
PLASMA NITRIDING AND NITROCARBURIZING OF A SUPERMARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL F.A.P. Fernandes 1*, G.E. Totten 2, J. Gallego 3, L.C. Casteletti 1 1 Department of Materials Engineering, São Carlos School
More informationCORROSION RESISTANCE OF PLASMA NITRIDED AND NITROCARBURIZED AISI 316L AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL
CORROSION RESISTANCE OF PLASMA NITRIDED AND NITROCARBURIZED AISI 316L AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL F.A.P. Fernandes 1*, J. Gallego 2, G.E. Totten 3, C.A. Picon 2, L.C. Casteletti 1 1 Department of Materials
More informationMicrostructure of nitrided and nitrocarburized layers produced on a superaustenitic stainless steel
j mater res technol. 0;():58 6 www.jmrt.com.br Original article Microstructure of nitrided and nitrocarburized layers produced on a superaustenitic stainless steel Frederico Augusto Pires Fernandes a,
More informationMicrostructure of nitrided and nitrocarburized layers produced on a superaustenitic stainless steel
j mater res technol. 0;():58 6 www.jmrt.com.br Original article Microstructure of nitrided and nitrocarburized layers produced on a superaustenitic stainless steel Frederico Augusto Pires Fernandes a,
More informationHigh Temperature Mechanical Behavior Of Plasma-Nitrided Inconel 625 Superalloy. Lima 1, A. G. Reis 1
High Temperature Mechanical Behavior Of Plasma-Nitrided Inconel 625 Superalloy M.M. Oliveira 1,2, A.A.Couto 1,5, R.Baldan 3*, D.A.P.Reis 4, J.Vatavuk 5, J.C.Vendramim 6,N.B. Lima 1, A. G. Reis 1 1 Nuclear
More informationJournal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering
and Materials Engineering Effect of Fine Particle Peening Treatment prior to itriding on Fatigue Properties of AISI 4135 Steel* Shoichi KIKUCHI** and Jun KOMOTORI*** ** Graduate School of Science and Technology,
More informationSOLID SOLUTION METAL ALLOYS
SOLID SOLUTION METAL ALLOYS Synergy Effects vs. Segregation Phenomena D. Manova, J. Lutz, S. Mändl, H. Neumann 1 Table of Content Motivation Alloys vs. Pure Elements or Intermetallic Compounds Introduction
More informationLow Temperature Gaseous Nitriding of a Stainless Steel Containing Strong Nitride Formers
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Sep 15, 2018 Low Temperature Gaseous Nitriding of a Stainless Steel Containing Strong Nitride Formers Fernandes, Frederico Augusto Pires; Christiansen, Thomas Lundin; Somers,
More informationThis article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author s benefit and for the benefit of the author s institution, for non-commercial
More informationProtective Nitrided Layers on Ferrite-Austenite Chromium Steel
ISSN 1392 1320 MATERIALS SCIENCE (MEDŽIAGOTYRA). Vol. 11, No. 3. 2005 Protective Nitrided Layers on Ferrite-Austenite Chromium Steel Jaroslaw BIELAWSKI, Jolanta BARANOWSKA, Kazimierz SZCZECIŃSKI Institute
More informationKinetics of low temperature plasma carburizing of austenitic stainless steels
Journal of Materials Processing Technology 168 (2005) 189 194 Kinetics of low temperature plasma carburizing of austenitic stainless steels Y. Sun School of Materials Engineering, Nanyang Technological
More informationCarnegie Mellon MRSEC
Carnegie Mellon MRSEC Texture, Microstructure & Anisotropy, Fall 2009 A.D. Rollett, P. Kalu 1 ELECTRONS SEM-based TEM-based Koseel ECP EBSD SADP Kikuchi Different types of microtexture techniques for obtaining
More informationPractical 2P8 Transmission Electron Microscopy
Practical 2P8 Transmission Electron Microscopy Originators: Dr. M. L. Jenkins and Prof. J. M. Titchmarsh What you should learn from this practical Science This practical ties-in with the lecture course
More informationLow temperature thermochemical treatment of stainless steel; bridging from science to technology
Low temperature thermochemical treatment of stainless steel; bridging from science to technology Thomas L. Christiansen, Thomas S. Hummelshøj and Marcel.J. Somers Technical University of Denmark Department
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Disperse fine equiaxed alpha alumina nanoparticles with narrow size distribution synthesised by selective corrosion and coagulation separation Sanxu Pu, Lu Li, Ji Ma, Fuliang
More informationEVALUATION OF ADHESION, HARDNESS AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF CrN e CrAlN COATINGS DEPOSITED BY HIGH POWER IMPULSE MAGNETRON SPUTTERING
EVALUATION OF ADHESION, HARDNESS AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF e CrAlN COATINGS DEPOSITED BY HIGH POWER IMPULSE MAGNETRON SPUTTERING Bruno César Noronha Marques de Castilho, Mechanical Engineering - Materials,
More informationEffect of titanium additions to low carbon, low manganese steels on sulphide precipitation
University of Wollongong Thesis Collections University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Year 2008 Effect of titanium additions to low carbon, low manganese steels on sulphide precipitation
More informationMicrostructural Characterization of Materials
Microstructural Characterization of Materials 2nd Edition DAVID BRANDON AND WAYNE D. KAPLAN Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Contents Preface to the Second Edition
More informationEBSD Basics EBSD. Marco Cantoni 021/ Centre Interdisciplinaire de Microscopie Electronique CIME. Phosphor Screen. Pole piece.
EBSD Marco Cantoni 021/693.48.16 Centre Interdisciplinaire de Microscopie Electronique CIME EBSD Basics Quantitative, general microstructural characterization in the SEM Orientation measurements, phase
More informationTEM and Electron Diffraction Keith Leonard, PhD (1999) U. Cincinnati
TEM and Electron Diffraction Keith Leonard, PhD (1999) U. Cincinnati Electron Microscopes: Electron microscopes, such as the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM)
More informationInfluence of Alloy Microstructure on Oxide Growth in HCM12A in Supercritical Water
Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 1125 2009 Materials Research Society 1125-R06-05 Influence of Alloy Microstructure on Oxide Growth in HCM12A in Supercritical Water Jeremy Bischoff 1, Arthur T. Motta
More informationDeformation Microstructure and Texture in a Cold-Rolled Austenitic Steel with Low Stacking-Fault Energy
Materials Transactions, Vol. 51, No. 4 (2010) pp. 620 to 624 Special Issue on Crystallographic Orientation Distribution and Related Properties in Advanced Materials II #2010 The Japan Institute of Metals
More informationDiffusion Layer Growth Mechanism in ASPN Method Using an Iron Cage for St52 Steel
Proceedings of the nd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'6) Budapest, Hungary August 3, 6 Paper No. MMME 6 DOI:.59/mmme6.6 Diffusion Layer Growth Mechanism in ASPN Method
More informationA TEM investigation of the influence of nitrogen and cold working on the microstructure of solid solution annealed austenitic stainless steel (316L)
Göteborg 2004-02-24 A TEM investigation of the influence of nitrogen and cold working on the microstructure of solid solution annealed austenitic stainless steel (316L) Introduction The purpose of this
More informationMicrostructural characterisation of as-deposited and reheated weld metal High Strength Steel Weld Metals
Microstructural characterisation of as-deposited and reheated weld metal High Strength Steel Weld Metals Enda Keehan, Leif Karlsson, Mattias Thuvander, Eva-Lena Bergquist Abstract ESAB AB, Gothenburg,
More informationMicrostructural Characterization of Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy After Severe Plastic Deformation
Materials Research Microstructural Characterization of Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy After Severe Plastic Deformation Juno Gallego a *, Tiago Santos Pinheiro b, Ruslan Zufarovich Valiev c, Veronika Polyakova c, Claudemiro
More informationInfluence of Spraying Conditions on Properties of Zr-Based Metallic Glass Coating by Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Spraying
Influence of Spraying Conditions on Properties of Zr-Based Metallic Glass by Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Spraying KOBAYASHI Akira *, KURODA Toshio *, KIMURA Hisamichi ** and INOUE Akihisa ** Abstract Metallic
More informationContinuous Cooling Diagrams
Continuous Cooling Diagrams Isothermal transformation (TTT) diagrams are obtained by rapidly quenching to a given temperature and then measuring the volume fraction of the various constituents that form
More informationEffects of DC plasma nitriding parameters on properties of DIN low alloy steel
2nd National Iranian Conference on Gas Hydrate (NICGH) S Semnan University Effects of DC plasma nitriding parameters on properties of DIN 1.2344 low alloy steel H. Khorsand a*, H. Aghajani b, N. Mohamadian
More informationWEAR PROPERTIES OF PLASMA NITRIDED INCONEL 718 SUPERALLOY
WEAR PROPERTIES OF PLASMA NITRIDED INCONEL 718 SUPERALLOY Halim Kovacı 1, Hojjat Ghahramanzadeh ASL 1, Çiğdem Albayrak 2, Akgün Alsaran 1 1 Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey 2 Erzincan University, Erzincan,
More informationDeformation and fracture of an alpha/beta titanium alloy
ISSN 1517-7076 Revista Matéria, v. 15, n. 2, pp. 364-370, 2010. http://www.materia.coppe.ufrj.br/sarra/artigos/artigo11240 Deformation and fracture of an alpha/beta titanium alloy A. Andrade; A. Morcelli;
More informationXRD and TEM analysis of microstructure in the welding zone of 9Cr 1Mo V Nb heat-resisting steel
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 25, No. 3, June 2002, pp. 213 217. Indian Academy of Sciences. XRD and TEM analysis of microstructure in the welding zone of 9Cr 1Mo V Nb heat-resisting steel LI YAJIANG*, WANG
More informationHigh speed steels are widely used in making highspeed
Solidification microstructure of M2 high speed steel by different casting technologies *Zhou Xuefeng, Fang Feng and Jiang Jianjing (Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University,
More informationCHEMICAL DEPTH PROFILING OF TOOL MATERIALS USING GLOW DISCHARGE OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY (GD-OES)
CHEMICAL DEPTH PROFILING OF TOOL MATERIALS USING GLOW DISCHARGE OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY (GD-OES) T. Björk Swedish Institute for Metals Researc Drottning Kristinas väg 48 114 28 Stockholm Sweden Abstract
More informationEffect of Decarburization on Microstructure of DC-Plasma Nitrided H 13 Tool Steel
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals. Vol.16 No.2 pp.16, 2006 Effect of Decarburization on Microstructure of DCPlasma Nitrided H 13 Tool Steel Patama VISUTTIPITUKUL 1*, Chuleeporn PAARAI 2 and Kuwahara
More informationTransmission electron microscope studies of the chromium cast iron modified at use of B 4 C addition
A R C H I V E S of F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 10 Issue 4/2010 209 216 39/4
More informationResidual stress and retained austenite in induction hardened ductile iron camshafts
Tribology and Design II 115 Residual stress and retained austenite in induction hardened ductile iron camshafts H. Ma 1, R. J. Bowers 1, D. O. Northwood 1, X. Sun 2 & P. J. Bauerle 2 1 Mechanical, Automotive
More informationStainless steel & duplex
Stainless steel & duplex Different effects of carbon and nitrogen on precipitation behavior and mechanical properties in austenitic stainless steels Kyung-Shik Kim, Jee-Hyun Kang, Sung-Joon Kim Austenitic
More informationHumankind has used iron products since at least 1200 B.C. Even though
Metallography of Steels Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing Hubertus Colpaert Updated and Translated by André Luiz V. da Costa e Silva Copyright 2018 ASM International All rights
More informationHEAT TREATMENT OF REACTOR VESSEL STEEL AISI 321
HEAT TREATMENT OF REACTOR VESSEL STEEL AISI 321 Pavel PODANÝ a, Petr MARTÍNEK a, Petr NACHÁZEL a, Martin BALCAR b a COMTES FHT a.s., Dobřany, Czech Republic, EU, comtes@comtesfht.cz b ŽDAS a.s., Žďár nad
More informationTransmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Prof.Dr.Figen KAYA
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Prof.Dr.Figen KAYA Transmission Electron Microscope A transmission electron microscope, similar to a transmission light microscope, has the following components along
More informationInfluence of Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Hardness and Wear Behavior of Super Duplex Stainless Steel AISI 2507
American Journal of Materials Science 215, 5(3C): 48-52 DOI: 1.5923/c.materials.212.1 Influence of Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Hardness and Wear Behavior of Super Duplex Stainless Steel AISI 27 Mahesh
More informationThe changes of ADI structure during high temperature annealing
ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 10 Issue Special1/2010 87-92 15/1 The changes of ADI
More informationAISI 304 steel: anomalous evolution of martensitic phase following heat treatments at 400 C
Materials Science and Engineering A 438 440 (2006) 202 206 AISI 304 steel: anomalous evolution of martensitic phase following heat treatments at 400 C F. Gauzzi a, R. Montanari a,, G. Principi b, M.E.
More informationEffect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Spray Formed AISI M2 High-speed Steel. Lima, R. M.; Jesus, E. R. B.; Rossi, J. L.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Spray Formed AISI M2 High-speed Steel Lima, R. M.; Jesus, E. R. B.; Rossi, J. L. Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN Powder Processing
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN CONTENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TiN x THIN FILMS PREPARED BY REACTIVE MAGNETRON SPUTTERING
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series I: Engineering Sciences Vol. 5 (54) No. 2-2012 THE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN CONTENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TiN x THIN FILMS PREPARED BY REACTIVE
More informationAn Investigation of Microstructural Change of Low Alloy Steel AISI 4150 by Seebeck Coefficient
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals, Vol.0 No.1 pp.1-6, 010 An Investigation of Microstructural Change of Low Alloy Steel AISI 4150 by Seebeck Coefficient Teerapong SAMRAN 1 and Preecha TERMSUKSAWAD
More informationPractical 2P8 Transmission Electron Microscopy
Practical 2P8 Transmission Electron Microscopy Originators: Dr. N.P. Young and Prof. J. M. Titchmarsh What you should learn from this practical Science This practical ties-in with the lecture course on
More informationEngineering Materials
Engineering Materials Heat Treatments of Ferrous Alloys Annealing Processes The term annealing refers to a heat treatment in which a material is exposed to an elevated temperature for an extended time
More informationUniversity of Pretoria Z Tang (2006) Chapter 8 Studies of acicular ferrite by thin foil TEM
8.2 Two types of acicular ferrite 8.2.1 Structure with parallel laths There appeared to be two types of acicular ferrite laths that were observed in those alloys cooled with a rapid cooling rate of 47
More informationPlasma Nitriding of Stainless Steels by Luiz Carlos Casteletti Amadeu Lombardi Neto G.E. Totten March 5, 2008
TS 16949, AS 9100, NADCAP Accredited Ionic Technologies Inc. For Additional Information send inquiries to sales@ionic-tech.com or call at 864-288-9111 Industrial Heating Magazine Articles Plasma Nitriding
More informationChapter 3 Basic Crystallography and Electron Diffraction from Crystals. Lecture 9. Chapter 3 CHEM Fall, L. Ma
Chapter 3 Basic Crystallography and Electron Diffraction from Crystals Lecture 9 Outline The geometry of electron diffraction Crystallography Kinetic Theory of Electron diffraction Diffraction from crystals
More informationCharacterization of Phases in an As-cast Copper-Manganese- Aluminum Alloy
J. Mater. Sci. Technol., Vol.22 No.6, 2006 779 Characterization of Phases in an As-cast Copper-Manganese- Aluminum Alloy J.Iqbal, F.Hasan and F.Ahmad Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering,
More informationOPTIMIZING XRD DATA. By: Matthew Rayner
OPTIMIZING XRD DATA By: Matthew Rayner 1 XRD Applications PANalytical classifies XRD applications in 4 groups 1. Powders 2. Nanomaterials 3. Solid objects 4. Thin films Many day-to-day samples cross these
More informationCase Study: Design of Bainitic Steels
Materials Science & Metallurgy Part II Course C9, Alloys, H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia Case Study: Design of Bainitic Steels Bainite Summarised Bainite is a non lamellar aggregate of carbides and plate shaped
More informationAUSTENITE-MARTENSITE TRANSFORMATION IN NANOSTRUCTURED AISI316L STAINLESS STEEL POWDER INDUCED DURING MECHANICAL MILLING
Journal of Materials Science and Engineering with Advanced Technology Volume 4, Number 2, 2011, Pages 93-105 AUSTENITE-MARTENSITE TRANSFORMATION IN NANOSTRUCTURED AISI316L STAINLESS STEEL POWDER INDUCED
More informationLASER SURFACE MELTING OF 304 STAINLESS STEEL FOR PITTING CORROSION RESISTANCE IMPROVEMENT
LASER SURFACE MELTING OF 304 STAINLESS STEEL FOR PITTING CORROSION RESISTANCE IMPROVEMENT T.S. Seleka and S.L. Pityana 1. ABSTRACT CSIR: National Laser Centre Laser surface melting has been conducted on
More informationHeat Treatment of Steels : Metallurgical Principle
Heat Treatment of Steels : Metallurgical Principle Outlines: Fe ad Fe-Fe 3 C system Phases and Microstructure Fe-Fe 3 C Phase Diaram General Physical and Mechanical Properties of each Microstructure Usanee
More informationInstrument Configuration for Powder Diffraction
Instrument Configuration for Powder Diffraction Advanced X-ray Workshop S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, 14-15/12/2011 Innovation with Integrity Overview What is the application? What are
More informationFundamentals of. Steel Product. Graduate Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy
Fundamentals of Steel Product Physical Metallurgy B.C. De Cooman Graduate Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy Pohang University of Science and Technology, South Korea J.G Speer Advanced Steel Products and
More informationAtomic Densities. Linear Density Number of atoms per length whose centers lie on the direction vector for a specific crystallographic direction.
Atomic Densities Linear Density Number of atoms per length whose centers lie on the direction vector for a specific crystallographic direction. Planar Density Number of atoms per unit area that are centered
More informationThe microstructural development of type 321 Austenitic Stainless Steel with long term ageing
Loughborough University Institutional Repository The microstructural development of type 321 Austenitic Stainless Steel with long term ageing This item was submitted to Loughborough University's Institutional
More informationEffect of Precipitation Hardening on Microstructural Characteristics of 15-5 Ph Steel
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 9, Issue 1 (November 2013), PP. 22-26 Effect of Precipitation Hardening on Microstructural
More informationLOW CARBON STEEL WITH NANOSTRUCTURED SURFACE LAYER INDUCED BY HIGH-ENERGY SHOT PEENING
Scripta mater. 44 (2001) 1791 1795 www.elsevier.com/locate/scriptamat LOW CARBON STEEL WITH NANOSTRUCTURED SURFACE LAYER INDUCED BY HIGH-ENERGY SHOT PEENING G. Liu 1, S.C. Wang 1, X.F. Lou 1,J.Lu 2 and
More informationIntroduction to Materials Science
EPMA Powder Metallurgy Summer School 27 June 1 July 2016 Valencia, Spain Introduction to Materials Science Prof. Alberto Molinari University of Trento, Italy Some of the figures used in this presentation
More informationFormation of delta ferrite in 9 wt.% Cr steel investigated by in-situ X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation
Formation of delta ferrite in 9 wt.% Cr steel investigated by in-situ X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access
More informationDevelopment of Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn-N High-Alloyed Powder Processed by Mechanical Alloying
Open Journal of Metal, 2013, 3, 25-29 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmetal.2013.32a2004 Published Online August 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojmetal) Development of Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn-N High-Alloyed Powder
More information1P1b: Introduction to Microscopy
1P1b: Introduction to Microscopy Central to the study and characterisation of metals and many other materials is the microscope, ranging from the magnification of, say, 1 to 35 in a simple stereo binocular
More informationSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION OF AlCr5.5Fe2Ti1 ALLOY DURING ITS COMPACTIZATION
STRUCTURE EVOLUTION OF AlCr5.5Fe2Ti1 ALLOY DURING ITS COMPACTIZATION Alena MICHALCOVÁ a,b, Dalibor VOJTĚCH a, Pavel NOVÁK a, Jan DRAHOKOUPIL c, Kamil KOLAŘÍK d a Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague,
More informationMulti-layers castings
A R C H I V E S of F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 10 Issue 1/2010 181 186 31/1
More informationResearch Article The Corrosion Behavior of Carburized Aluminum Using DC Plasma
Metallurgy Volume 212, Article ID 25821, 4 pages doi:1.1155/212/25821 Research Article The Corrosion Behavior of Carburized Aluminum Using DC Plasma Somayeh Pirizadhejrandoost, Mehdi Bakhshzad Mahmoudi,
More informationFormation of Fe-base Metal Glass Coating by Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Spraying
Formation of Fe-base Metal Glass Coating by Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Spraying KOBAYASHI Akira*, YANO Shoji**, KIMURA Hisamichi***, and INOUE Akihisa*** Abstract Metal glass has excellent functions such as
More informationStructure-Property Correlation [1] Structure-processing-properties-performance relation
MME 297: Lecture 04 Structure-Property Correlation [1] Structure-processing-properties-performance relation Dr. A. K. M. Bazlur Rashid Professor, Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Topics to discuss today...
More information11.3 The analysis of electron diffraction patterns
11.3 The analysis of electron diffraction patterns 277 diameter) Ewald reflecting sphere, the extension of the reciprocal lattice nodes and the slight buckling of the thin foil specimens all of which serve
More informationNitriding using cathodic cage technique of martensitic stainless steel AISI 420 with addition of CH4
ISSN 1517-776 Revista Matéria, v. 13, n. 2, pp. 342 347, 28 http://www.materia.coppe.ufrj.br/sarra/artigos/artigo1971 Nitriding using cathodic cage technique of martensitic stainless steel AISI 42 with
More informationQuantitative X-ray Microanalysis Of Submicron Carbide Formation In Chromium (III) Oxide Rich Scale
Quantitative X-ray Microanalysis Of Submicron Carbide Formation In Chromium (III) Oxide Rich Scale W. Keith Collins*, M. Ziomek-Moroz, G. R. Holcomb, P. Danielson, and A. Hunt *National Energy Technology
More information2014 International Conference on Brazing, Soldering and Special Joining Technologies June 9-13, 2014, Beijing, China. E. Theisen, W.
Invited Lecture: Recent Developments in Amorphous Brazing Foil E. Theisen, W. Coughlan Metglas, Inc. 440 Allied Dr Conway, SC 29526 USA Email: eric.theisen@metglas.com Abstract: Amorphous brazing foils
More informationX-ray diffraction
2.2.3.- X-ray diffraction 2.2.3.1.- Origins and fundamentals of the technique The first experimental evidence concerning x-ray diffraction was given by Max von Laue who in 1912 demonstrated that x-rays
More informationA Preliminary Report on Phygen s Chromium Nitride Coatings. John B. Woodford, Ph.D. and. Mohumad al-zoubi, Ph.D. Argonne National Laboratory
A Preliminary Report on Phygen s Chromium Nitride Coatings by John B. Woodford, Ph.D and Mohumad al-zoubi, Ph.D Argonne National Laboratory Introduction To protect a vulnerable surface from wear or chemical
More informationMicrostructural and Mechanical Characterization of Solidified Austenitic Stainless Steels
A R C H I V E S of F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G DOI: 10.1515/afe-2017-0110 Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (2299-2944) Volume 17
More informationEffects of Advanced Laser Processing on the Microstructure and Residual Stresses of H13 Tool Steel
Effects of Advanced Laser Processing on the Microstructure and Residual Stresses of H13 Tool Steel Karel Trojan 1,a, Václav Ocelík 2,b, Nikolaj Ganev 1,c, Stanislav Němeček 3,d and Jiří Čapek 1,e 1 CTU
More informationThe Evaluation of Corrosion Behavior of AISI 347 Stainless Steel to ASTM A335 Low Alloy Steel Dissimilar Welds
, pp.14-18 The Evaluation of Corrosion Behavior of AISI 347 Stainless Steel to ASTM A335 Low Alloy Steel Dissimilar Welds I. Hajiannia 1, M.Shamanian 2* and M. Kasiri 3 1,3 Department of Materials Engineering,
More informationAs-Quenched Martensite with Precipitation Hardening
Technical Report As-Quenched Martensite with Precipitation Hardening UDC 621. 785. 616 Kazuki FUJIWARA* Kaori KAWANO Abstract The hardness of martensite depends on the content of the interstitial element
More informationThree-Dimensional Atom Probe Analysis of Carbon Distribution in Low-Temperature Bainite
Three-Dimensional Atom Probe Analysis of Carbon Distribution in Low-Temperature Bainite M. Peet *, S. S. Babu, M. K. Miller and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia * * Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy,
More informationLecture 31-36: Questions:
Lecture 31-36: Heat treatment of steel: T-T-T diagram, Pearlitic, Martensitic & Bainitic transformation, effect of alloy elements on phase diagram & TTT diagram, CCT diagram, Annealing, normalizing, hardening
More informationMechanics Capability and Structure of Ion Nitrocarburized Layer of 42MnCr52 Steel Chun-Yang LIU 1, Chun-Hua HU 2,a, Zhi-Jie SUN 2 and Long LI 2
Mechanics Capability and Structure of Ion Nitrocarburized Layer of 42MnCr52 Steel Chun-Yang LIU 1, Chun-Hua HU 2,a, Zhi-Jie SUN 2 and Long LI 2 1 Engineering Training Center, Changchun University of Technology,
More informationEffect of plasma nitriding on corrosion behavior of a high carbon low alloy steel
Effect of plasma nitriding on corrosion behavior of a high carbon low alloy steel A. Basu Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha,
More informationTypes of stainless steel
Types of stainless steel Composition (wt%) Applications Types C Ni Cr Mo Ferritic 0.06-0.2-11-30 - Household utensils; Automotive Exhaust Components Heat exchanger Austenitic
More informationMicrosegregation in Nodular Cast Iron with Carbides
ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING DOI: 10.2478/v10266-012-0120-z Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (2299-2944) Volume 12 Issue 4/2012 127 134
More informationEFFECT OF DEFORMATION AND HEAT TREATMENT ON GRAIN BOUNDARY SENSITISATION IN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS DOMÁNKOVÁ, M.*, MAREK, P.*, MAGULA V.
EFFECT OF DEFORMATION AND HEAT TREATMENT ON GRAIN BOUNDARY SENSITISATION IN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS DOMÁNKOVÁ, M.*, MAREK, P.*, MAGULA V.** *Katedra materiálového inžinierstva, MtF STU Trnava, Slovakia
More informationMicrostructure of Friction Stir Welded 6061 Aluminum Alloy
Proceedings of the 9 th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2004) Edited by J.F. Nie, A.J. Morton and B.C. Muddle Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia Ltd 878 Microstructure of Friction
More informationProblems. 104 CHAPTER 3 Atomic and Ionic Arrangements
104 CHAPTER 3 Atomic and Ionic Arrangements Repeat distance The distance from one lattice point to the adjacent lattice point along a direction. Short-range order The regular and predictable arrangement
More informationApplication of Advanced Techniques for Metals Identification and Characterisation
Application of Advanced Techniques for Metals Identification and Characterisation David N Githinji Department of Manufacturing, Industrial & Textile Engineering, Moi University, P.O Box 3900-30100, Eldoret,
More informationSURFACE ALLOYING OF ALUMINUM WITH COPPER USING CO 2 LASER
5 th International & 26 th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research Conference (AIMTDR 2014) December 12 th 14 th, 2014, IIT Guwahati, Assam, India SURFACE ALLOYING OF ALUMINUM WITH COPPER
More informationPHASE SEPARATION BY INTERNAL OXIDATION AND REDUCTION IN A Cu-5at%Ni-ALLOY
Pergamon PII S1359-6462(98)00128-6 Scripta Materialia, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 73 77, 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd Copyright 1998 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Printed in the USA. All rights reserved. 1359-6462/98 $19.00.00
More informationEffect of Rolling and Galvanizing Process on Mechanical Properties of Mild Steel
Effect of Rolling and Galvanizing Process on Mechanical Properties of Mild Steel Amneesh Singla 1, Dinesh Kumar Jangir 2, Ankit Verma 3 1 Asst. Professor (SS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, COES
More informationPhyscial Metallurgy and Microstructure of Superalloys
www.materialstechnology.org Physcial Metallurgy and Microstructure of Superalloys Roger Reed University of Birmingham The definition of superalloys utilized in the classic textbook 'The Superalloys' which
More informationCarbon nanostructures. (http://www.mf.mpg.de/de/abteilungen/schuetz/index.php?lang=en&content=researchtopics&type=specific&name=h2storage)
Carbon nanostructures (http://www.mf.mpg.de/de/abteilungen/schuetz/index.php?lang=en&content=researchtopics&type=specific&name=h2storage) 1 Crystal Structures Crystalline Material: atoms arrange into a
More informationSpecimen configuration
APPLICATIONNOTE Model 1040 NanoMill TEM specimen preparation system Specimen configuration Preparing focused ion beam (FIB) milled specimens for submission to Fischione Instruments. The Model 1040 NanoMill
More informationResidual stresses in the martensitic part produced by Selective Laser Melting technology applied for the mould industry
Residual stresses in the martensitic part produced by Selective Laser Melting technology applied for the mould industry 1 M. Averyanova, 1 Ph. Bertrand, 2 V.Ji, 3 B. Verquin, 1 ENISE, 2 ICMMO/LEMHE 3 CETIM,
More information