TECNAC.

Transcription

1 TECNAC

2 Refrigerant liquid in machines refrigerating or frozen as dry ice. It is called dry ice or carbonic snow to the solid state of the carbon dioxide. This name is because when it evaporates (or more properly when it is sublimated) it does not leave residue of dampness. It has a temperature of sublimation of-78 C (-108 F). The point of sublimation very down and it does not leave liquid residue Carbon Dioxide Physical properties State of agitation Appearance Gas Colorless gas Density 1,600 kg/m 3 Molecular mass Melting -point Boiling-point 44.0 uma 216 K(-57 ºC) 195 K(-78 ºC) Acidity (pk a ) 6.35 y Chemical properties Solubility in water 1.45 kg/m³ Dangerousness Phrase S Number RTECS S9, S26, S36 (líquido) FF Risks Ingestión Inhalation Skin Eyes It can cause irritation, nauseas, vomits and hemorrhages in the digestive tract. It produces asphyxiation, causes hyperventilation. The long-term exhibition is dangerous. Dry ice can produce hurts. It can be dangerous. Values in SI and in normal conditions (0ºC and 1 atm), except that the opposite is indicated.

3 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE CO2 Working Pressure The principal characteristic that will determine the design of an installation of CO2, is the high pressures to which it produces the circuit. Comparing the CO2 with cooling others used habitually in commercial and industrial refrigeration, is observed that the saturation pressure is very over the rest in any range of temperatures, specially in those of condensation. The information that are obtained is limited to different temperatures, according to the cooling one, due to the existence of points that limit the process of "condensation / evaporation". On the low part the curves are limited by the triple point, which marks the limit between the balance liquid/steam, and balance solid/ steam On the high part the curves are limited by the critical point, from which it is not possible to distinguish between solid and liquid. For this motive condensation does not exist. Solid Solid + Liquid Liquid Solid + Steam Liquid + Steam Critical Point Steam Triple Line Critical point: State of pressure and temperature from the one that cannot differ between liquid and steam. In this point, the densities of 2 phases are equal. If the pressure or the temperature continues increasing, the fluid will be in supercritical condition. Triple Line 3 phases coexist. It is necessary to remark the high pressure to which this line is for the CO2 (5,2 bars abs.), being in the way of any expansion that takes place up to atmospheric pressure(1 bar abs.) Particularities of the triple line Any escape of cooling to the atmosphere represents an expansion up to a pressure of 0 relative bars (1 bar abs.). This fact will cause solid in the CO2, that will not happen for the R404A and ammonia.

4 Safety Valve The evacuation to the environment in case of emergency, represents an expansion below the triple point. The habitual placement of the valve in the receiver of liquid assures that the expansion of the CO2 will generate a minimal proportion of solid. If the fluid (threw out ) is liquid, it would plug the orifice of the valve. Therefore, it is necessary to assure that it can never circulate liquid across the orifice of the safety valve. The 1st expansion is produced in a liquid line, from a pressure of 20 bars. It would generate a presence of 50 % of solid inthe orifice of the safety valve. Due to this effect, it can seal a leak. The 2nd expansion could be produced in a safety valve to 50 bars, and would generate 3 % of solid in the orifice of the safety valve. In case of the 3rd expansion from a pressure of 35 bars it would not be generated solid at the end of the expansion. Safety CO2 is heavier than air (then it fall to the ground). This fact can be very dangerous (especially in small spaces), because can displace oxygen to levels harmful for health. Then special attention to the emergency ventilation and leak detection Because of the greater density of CO2, the volume displaced to obtain the same power is much smaller. Then: -Compressors of smaller size - Least amount of refrigerant in installation - Smaller vessel and lines Material forco 2 CO2 is compatible with copper and steel, requires special caution the pressures of design of the elements. Exist in the market equipment, valves and automation systems for the pressures required (25,40 and 50 bar) for subcritical industrial circuits. The standard o-ringscr can be used in these circuits

5 Safety Valve 20 bar liquid Liquid Subcritical Safety Valve 50 bar steam Safety Valve 30 bar steam Safety Valve20 bar liquid 78% CO2 solid in triple point Liquid + Steam Safety Valve 35 bar 0% CO2 solid in triple point Safety Valve 50 bar Solid - Steam 5% CO2 solid in triple point

6 REFRIGERANT CIRCUITS The high pressure of CO2, as well as its triple point located at 31,06 C, cause circuit substantially different to the circuits of the most common refrigerant Basically with CO2, the refrigerant circuits are divided into 2 categories: 1) Transcritical Circuit: the part of high pressure of the circuit is located above the critical point - On the side of high pressure, CO2 is not condensed, but it overheats - Side of high pressure : 100bar. 2) SubcriticalCircuit: the part of high pressure of the circuit is below the critical point - On the side of high pressure, CO2 is condensed. - Side of high pressures: aprox. 30 bar (-5 C).

7 Transcritical Circuit: Example- 26,5/90 bar 26,5 bar (-10 Deg.C) 7

8 Subcritical Circuit: Example 10/35 bar 35 bar (0 Deg.C) 10 bar (-40 Deg.C) 8

9 THE WATER IN THE CIRCUITS OF CO 2 CO2+H2O H2CO3 (Carbonicacid,softacid) The carbonic acid again with water forms: H2CO3+H2O HCO3(-)+H30(+)(ácidofuerte)) ThereforewemusthaveprecautionstoavoidthewaterentryinthecircuitsofCO2 With very high water concentrations in the systems of CO2, it is possible to form CO2 gas, solid hydrated, CO 2 (H 2 O) 8, which is stable to major temperatures. The hydrate of CO2 can generate problems in different places as for example in the filters POE oils with water produce organic acids, weak, alcohol The entrance of water to the CO2 can due to: -The water from the air, not removed from the circuit. It is not enough to make empty, dry nitrogen and empty several times is necessary. -Maintenance operations, cleaning filters,., condensed water in the cold interior walls and it remains when the circuit is closed. -The breakdown of oils can leave water in the circuit. -The quality of the refrigerant sometimes is not enough and there is a high % of water -In the loads of oil CO2 systems the dehydrators filters and moisture indicators are very important ICE Water H20 phase gas

10 TECNAC PRODUCTS FOR CO 2 (SUBCRITICAL) SECTIONAL OIL SEPARATORS FOR CO 2 (Subcritical ) 45 bar -10/100ºC Kg V (L) Dimensions Va Vt Ø H d CAT. I SA5-45bar 1 5/ CAT. I SA5-45bar 2 1/ bar -10/100ºC Kg V (L) Dimensions Va Vt Ø H d CAT. I SA5-45bar 1 5/ CAT. I SA5-45bar 2 1/ CAT.I SA13-45bar CAT.II SA25-45bar 3 1/

11 TECNAC PRODUCTS FOR CO 2 (SUBCRITICAL) HIGH PRESSURE OIL SEPARATOR VESSEL FOR CO 2 (Subcritical) Dimensions/ Dimensiones 45bar -10/100ºC (Subcritical) Kg V (L) Va Vt Vv1 Vv2 Ø Hout Hr Hv1 Hv2 H CAT. II SAV-3,5/45 7/8" ,9 2, CAT. II SAV-3,5/45 1 1/8" ,9 2, CAT. II SAV-3,5/45 1 3/8" ,9 2, CAT. II SAV-9,5/45 1 3/8" ,9 5, CAT. II SAV-9,5/45 1 5/8" ,9 5, CAT. II SAV-9,5/45 2 1/8" ,9 5, CAT. III SAV-20/45 2 1/8" , CAT. III SAV-20/45 2 5/8" , CAT. III SAV-20/45 3 1/8" ,

12 TECNAC PRODUCTS FOR CO 2 (SUBCRITICAL) COALESCENT OIL SEPARATORS FOR CO 2 (Subcritical) 45 bar -10/120ºC Type Va Vt Dimensions Dimensiones 10 bar -20/100ºC (L) (L) D H H1 H2 CAT. I SAC /8" a CAT. I SAC /8" a CAT. I SAC /8" a CAT. II SAC /8" b CAT. II SAC / b CAT.I II SAC / b CAT. III SAC / b CO 2 COALESCENT OIL SEPARATORS WITH OIL RECEIVER (Subcritical) 45 bar -10/120ºC 10 bar -20/100ºC Type Vs (L) Vr (L) Vt (L) Dimensions Dimensiones D H h H1 H2 CAT. I SARC /8" a CAT. I SARC /8" b CAT. I SARC /8" b CAT. II SARC /8" b CAT. II SARC / b CAT.I II SARC / b CAT. III SARC / b

13 TECNAC PRODUCTS FOR CO 2 (SUBCRITICAL) SUCTION ACCUMULATOR FOR CO 2 (Subcritical) 30 bar Model Code Vol Conex Ø L H E Screw -40/80ºC CAT. I CAT.II Modelo Código (L) Inch. mm ( mm) Tornillo DAL-018A - CO /8" M10 DAL-019A - CO /8" M10 DAL-021A - CO ,1 1 3/8" M10 DAL-022A - CO /8" M10 DAL-023B - CO /8" M10 30 bar -40/100ºC Model Modelo Code Código Vol (L) Conex. Ø B T H E CAT.II BT-180A CO /8" 219, CAT. III BT-180A CO /8" 219, BT-360B CO /8" 323, bar -40/100ºC Model Modelo Code Código Vol (L) Conex. Ø B T H E BTR-180A CO /8" 219, CAT. III BTR-360BA CO /8" 323,

14 TECNAC PRODUCTS FOR CO 2 (SUBCRITICAL) CO 2 RECEIVERS 45bar -10/100ºC (Subcritical / Subcrítico) OPTIONAL Model / Modelo Code / Código V (L) IN (1) IN (2) OUT Ø L Sightglass es Visores Safety Connection Conexión Seguridad Min level detector Detector Nivel Mínimo Auxiliar connection Max. level detector Detector Nivel Máximo RH10-CO /2" ODS 159 RH15-CO RH30-CO RH45-CO /8" ODS RH60-CO /8" ODS RH90-CO 2 (273) /8" ODS 7/8" ODS RH90-CO 2 (355) /8" ODS RH120-CO 2 (323) RH120-CO 2 (355) RH150-CO /8" ODS RH180-CO /8" 1-1/8" /8" ODS 406 RH250-CO ODS ODS /8" ODS RH300-CO

15 TECNAC PRODUCTS FOR CO 2 (SUBCRITICAL) CO 2 RECEIVERS Model / Modelo Code / Código 45bar -10/100ºC (Subcritical / Subcrítico) V (L) IN (1) IN (2) OUT Ø L Sightglasses Visores Safety Connection Conexión Seguridad Min level detector Detector Nivel Mínimo RH10-INC-CO /2" ODS 159 RH15-INC-CO RH30-INC-CO RH45-INC-CO RH60-INC-CO /8" ODS RH90-INC-CO 2 (273) /8" ODS 7/8" ODS RH90-INC-CO 2 (355) RH120-INC-CO 2 (323) RH120-INC-CO 2 (355) RH150-INC-CO RH180-INC-CO /8" /8" ODS 1-1/8" ODS 406 RH250-INC-CO ODS 2166 RH300-INC-CO Auxiliar connection 7/8" ODS 1-1/8" ODS 1-3/8" ODS 1-5/8" ODS OPTIONAL Max. level detector Detector Nivel Máximo

16 TECNAC PRODUCTS FOR CO 2 (SUBCRITICAL) CO 2 RECEIVERS Model Modelo Code Código 45bar -10/100ºC (Subcritical / Subcrítico) V (L) Ø L IN (1) IN (2) OUT Sightgla ss Visores Safety Connectio n Conexión Seguridad Conex. Auxiliar OPCIONAL Máx. Level Detector / Detector de Nivel Máx. RV10-CO /2" ODS RV15-CO RV30-CO RV45-CO RV60-CO RV90-CO 2 (273) RV90-CO 2 (355) RV120-CO RV120 CO 2 (355) /8" ODS 7/8" ODS 7/8" ODS 2 7/8" ODS 1-1/8" ODS RV150-CO /8" 3 RV180-CO /8" 1-1/8" 1-1/8" ODS RV250-CO ODS ODS ODS 1-5/8" RV300-CO ODS Level Column / Columna de Nivel Acer Inox 21mm

17 TECNAC PRODUCTS FOR CO 2 (SUBCRITICAL) OIL RECEIVERS FOR CO 2 45bar -10/100ºC (Subcritical / Subcrítico) DIMENSIONS - DIMENSIONES MODEL MODELO CODE CÓDIGO Vol ( L ) VALVE IN / OUT VÁLVULA ENT/SAL D mm A mm B mm C mm L mm H mm E mm RHA /8 SAE CATEGORY. II CATEGORÍA II RHA /8 SAE RHA /8 SAE RHA /8 SAE RHA /8 SAE