Cost effective manufacturing of tungsten heavy alloy foil and sheet material
|
|
- Dylan Wright
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Manuscript refereed by Mr Dov Chaiat (Tungsten Powder Technology, Israel) Cost effective manufacturing of tungsten heavy alloy foil and sheet material D. Handtrack, B. Tabernig, H. Kestler, L.S. Sigl PLANSEE SE, A-6600 Reutte, Austria Corresponding author: Abstract The standard manufacturing route for tungsten heavy alloy sheets includes the hot rolling of sintered blocks. With decreasing sheet thickness, the production becomes progressively expensive due to extensive thermo-mechanical treatment and a low yield of prime material. In this paper the development of cost and material effective manufacturing of foil and sheet material by metal extrusion moulding (MEM) is described. The new technology uses proprietary mixtures of tungsten heavy alloy powder and organic binder, which are compounded, extruded and finally sintered to semi-finished products. Sheets up to 4mm thickness and foils down to 90µm can be produced in tight tolerances. The MEM material features a homogenous, isotropic microstructure and exhibits good strength and ductility, even at room temperature. Due to a tungsten content of 90 wt.% and its excellent X-ray absorption capability, the new tungsten heavy alloy material is qualified for radiation shielding applications. Introduction Tungsten heavy alloys (WHA) are metallic composites with a high tungsten content (>90%) bonded by a Ni-Fe-Cu binder phase. Due to their high density and mechanical properties, typical applications of such alloys are balance weights and kinetic energy penetrators. Furthermore, as tungsten heavy alloys exhibit excellent absorption behaviour against electromagnetic radiation, they are also used in shieldings for X-rays and -radiation [1, 2]. The latter applications require WHA material as sheet or foil. The conventional PM fabrication route to make such products is hot rolling of sintered blocks. The thickness is reduced by extensive thermomechanical treatment, i.e. consecutive rolling steps and heat treatments. Decreasing the sheet thickness is inevitably combined with a significant decrease in yield of prime material as a result of inevitable cutting losses. With respect to material and cost efficiency, near-net shape manufacturing offers an interesting cost savings potential for producing WHA sheet and foil material. The fabrication of thin sheets with a thickness below 1.5 mm (preferably below 0.4 mm) by tape casting was reported previously [3]. This technology, typically used for ceramics, was adapted to process tungsten heavy alloy powders. Another way of binder-based and near-net shape manufacturing of WHA sheets and foils is metal extrusion moulding (MEM) [4]. MEM is well known from the fabrication of thermoplastic plates, sheets and foils. It employs dedicated mixtures of metal powder and organic binder, which are extruded, debinded and finally sintered to semi-finished products. In the frame of this work, the metal extrusion moulding process was developed for the commercial tungsten heavy alloy Densimet D176. Foil and sheet materials in the thickness range of 0.09 to 3 mm were produced by the new manufacturing route. The material was fully characterized, i.e. its chemical composition and level of impurities, its microstructure and the resulting mechanical properties were determined. These properties were compared to reference material which was produced via the conventional rolling route. Finally, the applicability for foil and sheet material produced by the new fabrication route was demonstrated. Experimental Fig. 1 is a schematic of the metal extrusion moulding process investigated in this work. In the first step of compoundation, a tungsten heavy alloy powder mixture of Plansee s grade DENSIMET D176 was mixed with a binder to form a homogenous feedstock. DENSIMET D176 comprises 92.5 wt.% of a
2 highly pure W powder (FSSS = 4µm), with carbonyl Ni and carbonyl Fe as balance, with a theoretical density after sintering of th =17.6 g/cm 3. A suitable organic binder was identified by the evaluation and selection of various organic compounds which are typically used for metal injection moulding processes. Due to the special requirements for the processing of WHA by MEM, two proprietary compositions which differ in viscosity were developed for sheet and foil material respectively. The feedstock was pelletized to a granule size of < 1cm. Those granules are filled into a metal extrusion machine, worked and heated up to the process temperature and finally extruded through a die to form a green sheet. The thickness of the green sheet is easily controlled and monitored during production by an online laser thickness measurement device. In the following step, the green sheets and foils are debinded and sintered to nearly full density. Liquid phase sintering was performed in a batch furnace under hydrogen atmosphere at temperatures between C using standard conditions for DENSIMET D176. With this process, foils with thicknesses of 90 µm and sheets up to 3 mm with a length of 400 mm and a width of 120 mm were produced respectively. If required a single cold rolling step of the sintered full-metallic semi-finished products can be performed at room temperature to improve the surface quality or to slightly adjust the final sheet thickness. Fig. 1: Near-net shape fabrication process of WHA by metal extrusion moulding [*2, 4] The material produced via metal extrusion moulding was characterized with respect to chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties. The sheet thickness was measured with a micrometre calliper, density was assessed using Archimedes' principle. The residual impurities of C and O were determined in LECO standard testers by combustion analyses and carrier gas hot extraction respectively. The microstructure was characterized on metallographic sections by light microscopy. Vickers hardness was measured according DIN EN ISO , and HV1 and HV10 were used depending on the sheet thickness. Tensile testing was carried out at room temperature, 300 C and 500 C according to DIN EN part 1 and 5 respectively. The flat samples were taken in different orientations from 0.09, 0.8, 1.0 and 2.0mm thick sheets. For comparison, reference data were obtained from conventionally produced D mm sheet material, where a pressed and sintered ingot had been rolled in several steps. Table 1: Foil and sheet thickness of D176 produced by MEM in comparison to the specification for the conventional process (SD.. standard deviation) Results and Discussion Fig. 2 shows WHA sheet material at different stages of the manufacturing process. After mixing the metal powders and the binder components to a homogenous feedstock, granules are pelletized to facilitate handling (Fig. 2a). The granules are then extrusion moulded to green sheet material (Fig. 2b).
3 In this condition, the material is flexible, exhibits a fairly good green strength, and can easily be cut to the required dimensions. The subsequent debinding and sintering removes the organic binder completely, such that a fully metallic material is achieved. Typical examples of sintered WHA sheets in a thicknesses range from 0.09 to 3 mm are illustrated in Fig. 2c. Using the described near-net shape process it is possible to accurately meet the defined thickness target (Table 1). The determination of the thickness variation of the produced sheets gave evidence that the required specification data for WHA material can be fulfilled. The thickness variation inherent to the process is illustrated in Fig. 3 by the examples of a 0.09mm foil and a 0.8mm sheet material. (a) (b) (c) Fig. 2: Stages of WHA thin sheet production by metal extrusion moulding Fig. 3: Thickness distribution of a 0.09mm foil and a 0.8mm sheet D 176 material produced by MEM Independent of the sheet thickness, the D176 MEM material sinters to nearly 100% of theoretical density, with -values between and g/cm 3. The specified chemical composition of D176 is also met. The impurity levels are low, i.e. the residual C and O contents were determined to be less than 30 and 40 ppm respectively. In some batches the C content was below the detection limit of 5ppm. These results being comparable with conventionally produced 0.8mm sheet material (density g/cm 3 ; C=6 ppm; O=18 ppm), confirms the efficiency of the debinding process for the current binder system. (a) (b) (c) Fig. 4: Cross-sections of WHA D176 sheet material manufactured by MEM and the conventional process [6]
4 Figs. 4a,b show typical microstructures of foil and sheet material processed via MEM. The embedding of globular W grains in the NiFe matrix phase is characteristic for liquid phase sintered tungsten heavy alloys. As no rolling step is applied in the MEM route, the microstructure is equiaxed and isotropic. While the tungsten grain size of the 0.8mm sheet material is about 50µm, an adaption of sintering conditions for the 0.09 mm foil material resulted in the formation of finer W grains. In case of application as a shielding material (e.g. for X-ray collimators), the smaller W grains and the reduced intercept length of the NiFe binder are deemed beneficial for a homogeneous absorption behavior. In contrast to the isotropic microstructure of the D176 MEM material, the microstructure of the conventionally rolled D176 sheet exhibits W grains elongated in the rolling direction due to the thermo-mechanical treatment (Fig. 4c). Table 2: Mechanical properties of D176 and the impact of processing (a) Fig. 5: Stress-strain curves of 0.8mm D176 sheet material manufactured (a) via MEM and (b) by rolling [6]. The mechanical properties of D176 foil and sheet material produced via MEM are summarized in Table 2. The apparent hardness of 0.8mm to 2mm sheets ranged from HV10 and hence slightly below the values of conventionally rolled sheets. However, the 0.09mm foil material has a hardness of only HV1. The lower hardness may be due to the different sintering conditions for the foil material which may have caused less solution of W in the NiFe binder matrix. At room temperature the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of 1 and 2 mm thick MEM material was found to be in the range of MPa and MPa respectively. Thus, the yield strength of D176 sheets produced via MEM is lower and the ultimate tensile strength slightly higher than in sheet material from standard production. With increasing test temperature a comparable decrease in strength was measured irrespective of the applied production route. Within the MEM materials, the foils generally exhibit lower strength and lower ductility than the sheets. We attribute this behavior to different loading conditions in testing (higher plain stress in foils) and to higher stress localization in the binder of foil material, as there are only a few tungsten grains within the cross-sectional area. The impact of the different production routes on the stress-strain curves is revealed in Fig. 5. While the conventional material exhibits a pronounced upper and lower yield strength (Fig. 5b), MEM-sheets (b)
5 display a smooth transition from elastic to plastic deformation. Furthermore, the strength level does not depend on the orientation with respect to the extrusion direction, i.e. there is hardly any strength anisotropy. With increasing test temperature a comparable decrease in strength was found in both MEM materials. The most significant difference between MEM and conventional materials is the ductility at room temperature. The MEM material is significantly more ductile with fracture strains of about 20%, while the conventional WHA-material fails essentially brittle. Inspection of the fracture surfaces of ruptured specimens reveals different failure modes depending on the processing route: the crack path in MEM sheets follows the NiFe matrix and is characterized by ductile dimples, while fracture in the rolled specimens is transgranular fracture through the tungsten grains. An exhausted deformation capability of the binder as result of the work hardening due the rolling process and the refinement of the NiFe matrix seem to be the major reasons for the brittle behaviour of the conventional D176 sheet material at room temperature [6]. With respect to X-ray shielding applications for medical imaging diagnostics, representative demonstrator parts were built from the new D176 foil and sheet material and their function was tested successfully (Fig. 6). In the case of collimators for high resolution X-ray detectors, the new cost efficient foil material is well suited to substitute conventionally employed pure tungsten foils, as the high tungsten content in the WHA in combination with a fine-grained microstructure generate a very homogeneous absorption behavior. On a long-term perspective, structural X-ray shielding parts manufactured from MEM sheet material, provide the possibility of replacing lead, because a potential thickness reduction and the possibility to implement new shielding concepts (e.g. self-supporting structures) seem to be feasible with the new material. Fig. 6: D176 demonstrator parts for 1D X-ray collimators and shielding in medical imaging diagnostics Conclusions Metal extrusion moulding (MEM) was developed as a cost and material efficient manufacturing process for tungsten heavy alloy foil and sheet material. The new technology uses proprietary mixtures of WHA powder and organic binder which are compounded, pelletized, debinded and sintered to fully metallic semi-finished products. In this paper the capabilities of the near-net shape technology was demonstrated for WHA Densimet D176 in the thickness range from 90 µm to 3 mm. The MEM material exhibits a homogeneous, isotropic microstructure which is typical for liquid phase sintering. The strength values determined at room and elevated temperatures are comparable to those of conventionally produced WHA sheet material, though the mechanical properties of 90 µm foils are slightly lower than of sheets. Neverteless, room temperature ductility of the MEM material is significantly better than in rolled material. The MEM materials are well suited for X-ray absorption applications due to their high tungsten content. D176 demonstrator parts were manufactured and qualified for radiation shielding applications in medical imaging diagnostics.
6 References [1] W. Schatt, K.-P. Wieters, B. Kieback, Powder Metallurgy - Processing and Materials, pp , EPMA, Shrewsbury, (1997) [2] R.M. German, in: A. Bose, R.J. Dowding (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Tungsten and Tungsten Alloys, MPIF, New Jersey, 1992, p. 3 [3] Patent WO A1 ( ). H.C. Starck GmbH. DE [4] Patent WO A1 ( ). PLANSEE SE. AT GM 529/ [5] R.M. German, A. Bose, Injection Molding of Metals and Ceramics, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, (1997) [6] D. Handtrack et. al, Tungsten heavy alloys for collimators and shieldings in the X-ray diagnostics, Proceedings of 18 th PLANSEE seminar on refractory metals and hard materials, (2013), in press
Tungsten Heavy Alloys for Collimators and Shieldings in the X-Ray Diagnostics
Tungsten Heavy Alloys for Collimators and Shieldings in the XRay Diagnostics D. Handtrack*, B. Tabernig*, H. Kestler*, P. Pohl*, W. Glatz*, L.S. Sigl* * PLANSEE SE, 6600 Reutte, Austria Abstract Due to
More informationEffect of Molybdenum Content on Mechanical Properties of Sintered PM Steels. Candido Ruas, Sylvain St-Laurent Quebec Metal Powders Limited
Effect of Molybdenum Content on Mechanical Properties of Sintered PM Steels Candido Ruas, Sylvain St-Laurent Quebec Metal Powders Limited Keywords: Molybdenum Steel Powder, Binder Treatment, Diffusion
More informationInjection Moulding and Heat Treatment of Ni-Cr-Si-B Alloy Powder
Injection Moulding and Heat Treatment of Ni-Cr-Si-B Alloy Powder M. Y. Anwar 1, M. Ajmal 1, M. T. Z. Butt 2 and M. Zubair 1 1. Department of Met. & Materials Engineering, UET Lahore. 2. Faculty of Engineering
More informationVACUUM SINTERING AND SINTER-HARDENING OF Mo AND Ni LOW ALLOYED STEEL
Powder Metallurgy Progress, Vol.4 (2004), No 2 79 VACUUM SINTERING AND SINTER-HARDENING OF Mo AND Ni LOW ALLOYED STEEL V. Stoyanova, A. Molinari Abstract The main purpose of this work is to investigate
More informationAtomized Low Apparent Density (AD) Iron Powder For Advanced PM Applications
Atomized Low Apparent Density (AD) Iron Powder For Advanced PM Applications Peter Sokolowski and Francis Hanejko Hoeganaes Corporation Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 ABSTRACT A low apparent density atomized iron
More informationProperties of Various Malleable Iron Powder Grades François Chagnon, Julie Campbell-Tremblay and Maryam Moravej
Presented at the Euro PM2013 congress held in Gothenburg, Sweden in September 2013 and published in the congress conference proceedings available from the European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA).
More informationCost Effective Material for Heat Treated Gear Applications
Cost Effective Material for Heat Treated Gear Applications Ulf Engström, Caroline Larsson, Höganäs Sweden AB, S-26383 Höganäs, Sweden Robert Frykholm, Höganäs AB, Sweden Keywords: Heat treatment, mechanical
More informationMaximizing the Value and Performance of Chromium, Manganese, and Silicon Containing PM Steels
Maximizing the Value and Performance of Chromium, Manganese, and Silicon Containing PM Steels Michael L. Marucci - Director, Research & Development - Hoeganaes Corporation USA Shashi S. Shukla - Managing
More informationEvaluation of High Pressure Water Atomized Powders for Large Scale PIM Production using Different Binder Formulations
Evaluation of High Pressure Water Atomized Powders for Large Scale PIM Production using Different Binder Formulations Volker Arnhold, Nicola De Cristofaro, Jack Hamill* GKN Sinter Metals, *Hoeganaes Corporation
More informationMETAL INJECTION MOLDING OF ULTRA-FINE 316L STAINLESS STEEL POWDERS
METAL INJECTION MOLDING OF ULTRA-FINE 316L STAINLESS STEEL POWDERS Animesh Bose, Isamu.Otsuka*, Takafumi Yoshida*, Hisataka Toyoshima* Materials Processing, Inc., 5069 MLK Freeway, Fort Worth, TX 76109,
More informationEngineering Materials
Engineering Materials Heat Treatments of Ferrous Alloys Annealing Processes The term annealing refers to a heat treatment in which a material is exposed to an elevated temperature for an extended time
More informationInnovative process to die compact injection molding powders
Innovative process to die compact injection molding powders Ravi K. Enneti, *Sundar V. Atre, Randall M. German P/M Lab, 147 Research West The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802-6809
More informationPROPERTIES OF SEVERAL ANCORDENSE TM PROCESSED HIGH PERFORMANCE MATERIALS
PROPERTIES OF SEVERAL ANCORDENSE TM PROCESSED HIGH PERFORMANCE MATERIALS T. M. Cimino, A. J. Rawlings, and H. G. Rutz Hoeganaes Corporation Riverton, NJ USA Presented at PM 2 TEC '96 World Congress June
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF NANO-TUNGSTEN-COPPER POWDER AND PM PROCESSES. 1 Agency for Defense Development Yuseong, P.O.Box 35-5, Daejon , Korea
DEVELOPMENT OF NANO-TUNGSTEN-COPPER POWDER AND PM PROCESSES 1 Seong Lee, 1 Joon-Woong Noh, 2 Young-Sam Kwon, 2 Seong Taek Chung, 3 John L. Johnson, 4 Seong Jin Park and 4 Randall M. German 1 Agency for
More informationInfluence of Waste Plastic Binder on Sintered Properties of Injection Moulded M2 HSS
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol SI 4 (1), 197-206, 2017 Influence of Waste Plastic Binder on Sintered Properties of Injection Moulded M2 HSS Rosniza Rabilah*, Salina Budin, Talib Ria Jaafar, Siti
More informationTechnology Metals Advanced Ceramics. High Performance Alloys for Plastic Injection Molding
1 Technology Metals Advanced Ceramics High Performance Alloys for Plastic Injection Molding 2 s Advancements in Alloy Development With the innovation of new alloys, has surpassed market demands for higher
More informationSINGLE PRESSED SINGLE SINTERED P/M PRODUCTS FOR HIGH DENSITY, HIGH PERFORMANCE APPLICATIONS
SINGLE PRESSED SINGLE SINTERED P/M PRODUCTS FOR HIGH DENSITY, HIGH PERFORMANCE APPLICATIONS Presented at PM2004 World Congress, Vienna, Austria George Poszmik, Michael L. Marucci, and K. S. Narasimhan
More informationC27200 CuZn37 Industrial Rolled
C272 Alloy Designation EN DIN CEN/TS 13388 (2.321) CW58L JIS C 272 BS CZ 17 UNS C272 Brass Rolled Products KME offers a wide range of brass rolled products in the form of strips, sheets and discs in order
More informationChapter 8: Strain Hardening and Annealing
Slide 1 Chapter 8: Strain Hardening and Annealing 8-1 Slide 2 Learning Objectives 1. Relationship of cold working to the stress-strain curve 2. Strain-hardening mechanisms 3. Properties versus percent
More informationCeramic and glass technology
1 Row materials preperation Plastic Raw materials preperation Solid raw materials preperation Aging wet milling mastication Mixing seving Grain size reduction Milling Crushing Very fine milling Fine milling
More informationProduction technology for aluminium foam/steel sandwiches
113 Production technology for aluminium foam/steel sandwiches Abstract J. Baumeister, raunhofer-institute for Manufacturing and Applied Materials Research, Bremen 3-dimensional shaped sandwich panels with
More informationThe Effect of Processing and Density on P/M Soft Magnetic Properties. Ian W. Donaldson, GKN Sinter Metals, Worcester, MA, USA
he Effect of Processing and Density on P/M Soft Magnetic Properties Ian W. Donaldson, GKN Sinter Metals, Worcester, MA, USA Fran Hanejko, Hoeganaes Corporation, Cinnaminson, NJ, USA Abstract: With the
More informationEffects of holding pressure and process temperatures on the mechanical properties of moulded metallic parts
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Apr 04, 2018 Effects of holding pressure and process temperatures on the mechanical properties of moulded metallic parts Islam, Aminul; Hansen, Hans Nørgaard; Esteves,
More informationEOS Aluminium AlSi10Mg
is an aluminium alloy in fine powder form which has been specially optimised for processing on EOSINT M systems This document provides information and data for parts built using powder (EOS art.-no. 9011-0024)
More informationDevelopment of feedstock of tungsten-nickel-iron- polyformaldehyde for MIM technology
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Development of feedstock of tungsten-nickel-iron- polyformaldehyde for MIM technology To cite this article: D V Kostin et al 2016
More informationInfluence of Powder Parameters on the Properties of Highly Filled Metal Powder Systems
I Available online at www.ijacskros.com Indian Journal of Advances in Chemical Science 2 (2014) 93-98 Indian Journal of Advances in Chemical Science Influence of Powder Parameters on the Properties of
More informationCHAPTER 3 SELECTION AND PROCESSING OF THE SPECIMEN MATERIAL
54 CHAPTER 3 SELECTION AND PROCESSING OF THE SPECIMEN MATERIAL 3.1 HIGH STRENGTH ALUMINIUM ALLOY In the proposed work, 7075 Al alloy (high strength) has been identified, as a material for the studies on
More informationMechanical Properties Data for Pt-5 wt.% Cu and Pt-5 wt.% Ru Alloys
DOI: 10.1595/147106705X93359 Mechanical Properties Data for Pt-5 wt.% Cu and Pt-5 wt.% Ru Alloys WORK PRESENTED AS A BASIS FOR FUTURE COMPARISONS Kamili M. Jackson and Candy Lang* Centre for Materials
More informationCuSn0,15 (STOL 81) C14415 Industrial Rolled
Alloy Designation EN DIN CEN/TS 13388 CuSn,15 CW 117 C High Performance CuSn,15 UNS * * Slight difference in chem. composition We have developed a wide range of high performance alloys with excellent properties
More informationHigh Performance Alloys. Characteristics. Stamped parts connectors Relay springs Semiconductor components. Density 8.8 g/cm³
Alloy Designation High Performance Alloys EN CuNi3Si DIN CEN/TS 13388 UNS Chemical Composition percentage Cu Rest % Ni 3 % Si.65 % Mg.15 % This alloy is in accordance with RoHS 22/96/CE for electric &
More informationEXPLORING POWDER INJECTION MOLDING OF NIOBIUM
EXPLORING POWDER INJECTION MOLDING OF NIOBIUM Gaurav Aggarwal, Ivi Smid and Randall M. German Center for Innovative Sintered Products The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802-6809 USA
More informationSINTERING OF CHROMIUM CONTAINING PM STEELS PROCESSED TO HIGH DENSITY
SINTERING OF CHROMIUM CONTAINING PM STEELS PROCESSED TO HIGH DENSITY Bruce Lindsley Hoeganaes Corporation Cinnaminson, NJ 877, USA ABSTRACT In recent years there has been a push to develop ferrous powder
More informationUltra High Temperature Refractory Metal Based Silicide Materials For Next Generation Turbines
Ultra High Temperature Refractory Metal Based Silicide Materials For Next Generation Turbines Dr. Stefan DRAWIN ONERA (French aerospace research centre) Metallic Materials and Processing Department 92320
More informationMICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POWDER ALUMINIUM PREPARED BY SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION
MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POWR ALUMINIUM PREPARED BY SEVERE PLASTIC FORMATION Jiří DVOŘÁK 1a, Petr KRÁL 2a, Martin BALOG 3b, František SIMANČÍK 4b, Václav SKLENIČKA 5a a Institute of
More informationDiffusion-bonded Molybdenum Steel Powders for High Strength Applications. Dipl.-Ing. Guido Olschewski, Dipl.-Ing. Gregor Nitsch
Diffusion-bonded Molybdenum Steel Powders for High Strength Applications Dipl.-Ing. Guido Olschewski, Dipl.-Ing. Gregor Nitsch QMP Metal Powders GmbH Ohlerkirchweg 66 41069 Mönchengladbach Germany ABSTRACT
More informationMicrostructural Evolution of W-Ni-Fe During Liquid Phase Sintering A Quenching Study
Microstructural Evolution of W-Ni-Fe During Liquid Phase Sintering A Quenching Study N.B. Erhardt*, P. Suri, R.M. German, Center for Innovative Sintered Products, 147 Research West, The Pennsylvania State
More informationA PROMISING PREPARATION METHOD FOR AL/7075-B4C/AL LAYERED COMPOSITE BY CONTINUOUS CASTING AND HOT ROLLING
A PROMISING PREPARATION METHOD FOR AL/7075-B4C/AL LAYERED COMPOSITE BY CONTINUOUS CASTING AND HOT ROLLING Yubo Zhang*,Yingshui Yu, Tingju Li Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation
More informationIndustrial Rolled. High Performance STOL Alloys. Characteristics. Capacity. Density 8.8 g/cm³. Thermal expansion coefficient C 17.
Alloy Designation High Performance STOL Alloys EN DIN CEN/TS 13388 UNS Chemical Composition percentage Cu 99. % Mg.4...9 % P.2...4 % This alloy is in accordance with RoHS 22/96/CE for electric & electronic
More informationC27000 CuZn36 Industrial Rolled
C27 Alloy Designation EN DIN CEN/TS 13388 (2.335) CW57L JIS C 27 BS CZ 18 UNS Chemical Composition Weight percentage C27 Cu 63.5.. 65.5 % Zn Rest % Ni.3 % Sn.1 % Fe.5 % This alloy is in accordance with
More informationSuperhigh Strength Metal Injection Molded Low Alloy Steels by In-Process Microstructural Control
Materials Transactions, Vol. 43, No. 3 (2002) pp. 343 to 347 Special Issue on Environmentally Benign Manufacturing and Material Processing Toward Dematerialization c 2002 The Japan Institute of Metals
More informationThe Effect of Bonding Method on the Properties of Low Alloy PM Steels
The Effect of Bonding Method on the Properties of Low Alloy PM Steels Kylan McQuaig, Peter Sokolowski, Bruce Lindsley, Bob Causton Hoeganaes Corporation Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 Abstract To reduce segregation,
More informationELSAYED Ayman*, IMAI Hisashi**, UMEDA Junko** and KONDOH Katsuyoshi*** Abstract
Effect of Consolidation and Extrusion Temperatures on Tensile Properties of Hot Extruded ZK61 Magnesium Alloy Gas Atomized Powders via Spark Plasma Sintering ELSAYED Ayman*, IMAI Hisashi**, UMEDA Junko**
More informationOn the use of elemental powders to process Fe-50Co alloys by powder injection molding
On the use of elemental powders to process Fe-50Co alloys by powder injection molding P. A. P. Wendhausen¹, A. Silva¹, André L. Slaviero, R. Machado² ¹Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento
More informationOptimisation of the Chemical Composition and Manufacturing Route for ODS RAF Steels for Fusion Reactor Application
1 FT/P2-3 Optimisation of the Chemical Composition and Manufacturing Route for ODS RAF Steels for Fusion Reactor Application Z. Oksiuta, N. Baluc Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Centre
More informationPIM Technology. a powder technology for complex small engineering parts
a powder technology for complex small engineering parts Powder Injection Moulding () metals (MIM) ceramics (CIM) cemented carbides (CCIM) is a new process for material shaping that combines the flexibility
More informationMetal Injection Molding.
Metal Injection Molding www.easea-intl.com Company profile Easea International Ltd. specializes in providing Metal Injection Molding (MIM) solutions in terms of design, manufacturing, sourcing and marketing
More informationIndustrial Rolled. High Performance STOL Alloys. Characteristics. Capacity. xx xx xx xx x x. Density 8.93 g/cm³
Alloy Designation High Performance STOL Alloys EN CW 117 C* DIN CEN/TS 13388 UNS * chemical composition of STOL 8 has a higher Sn content up to,2 % We have developed a wide range of high performance alloys
More informationUse of Binder-Treated Ferrous PM Premixes for Improved PM Part Production and Part Density
Use of Binder-Treated Ferrous PM Premixes for Improved PM Part Production and Part Density Francis Hanejko & William Tambussi Hoeganaes Corporation Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 USA Abstract: The benefits of utilizing
More informationMetal Forming Process. Prof.A.Chandrashekhar
Metal Forming Process Prof.A.Chandrashekhar Introduction Shaping of a component by the application of external forces is known as the metal forming. Metal forming can be described as a process in which
More informationNew Technological Approach in Fabrication of High Purity Nickel Wire Theodor Stuth 1,a, Rainer Theile 1,b * and Oleksandra Krivtsova 1,c
Materials Science Forum Submitted: 2016-09-27 ISSN: 1662-9752, Vol. 892, pp 59-63 Revised: 2016-12-02 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.892.59 Accepted: 2016-12-19 2017 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
More informationIndustrial Rolled. High Performance STOL Alloys. Characteristics. Capacity. Density 8.8 g/cm³. Thermal expansion coefficient C 17.
Alloy Designation High Performance STOL Alloys EN DIN CEN/TS 13388 UNS Chemical Composition Weight percentage Cu 99. % Mg.4...9 % P.2...4 % This alloy is in accordance with RoHS 22/96/CE for electric &
More informationA Study on Injection Moulding of Two Different Pottery Bodies
A Study on Injection Moulding of Two Different Pottery Bodies M. Y. Anwar 1, M. Zubair 1, M. Ajmal 1, and M. T. Z. Butt 2 1. Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, UET Lahore. 2. Faculty
More informationEFFECT OF THE SECOND PHASE ON HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT OF IRON ALLOYS
EFFECT OF THE SECOND PHASE ON HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT OF IRON ALLOYS E. Lunarska*, A. Gachechiladze**, A. Mikeladze**, M. Moeser*** * Institute of Physical Chemistry, 01-223 Warsaw, Poland ** Institute
More informationCharacterization of Injection Molded 17-4PH Stainless Steel Prepared with Waste Rubber Binder
Characterization of Injection Molded 17-4PH Stainless Steel Prepared with Waste Rubber Binder Characterization of Injection Molded 17-4PH Stainless Steel Prepared with Waste Rubber Binder A.R. Jeefferie
More informationAdvanced Binder Treated FY Francis Hanejko & William Tambussi. Hoeganaes Corporation Cinnaminson, NJ USA
Advanced Binder Treated FY-4500 Francis Hanejko & William Tambussi Hoeganaes Corporation Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 USA Abstract: The benefits of utilizing phosphorous as an alloying element in pure iron are
More informationHigh Performance STOL Alloys. Characteristics. Current Carrying Capacity. Density 8.9 g/cm³. Specific heat capacity J/(g K)
Alloy Designation High Performance STO Alloys EN - DIN CEN/TS 13388 - UNS Chemical Composition percentage Cu Rest % Ni 1.4.. 1.7 % Si 0.2.. 0.35 % Sn 0.02.. 0.3 % Zn 0.20.. 0.7 % Others 0.50 % This alloy
More informationINFLUENCE OF MAXIMUM PORE SIZE ON THE FATIGUE PERFORMANCE OF PM STEEL
INFLUENCE OF MAXIMUM PORE SIZE ON THE FATIGUE PERFORMANCE OF PM STEEL Anders Bergmark Höganäs AB, Sweden Abstract Two material models for prediction of the fatigue performance of PM steels are compared.
More informationArch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 3,
Arch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 3, 1713-1720 DOI: 10.1515/amm-2017-0261 J. BOROWIECKA-JAMROZEK* # SINTERED FeCuRe ALLOYS PRODUCED FROM COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE POWDERS This paper discusses the mechanical
More information1. 3 Extrusion molding
1. 3 Extrusion molding 9 Extrusion is a widely used technique, both in the field of traditional and technical ceramics. This method allows the continuous manufacture of products with a constant cross-
More informationDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials,
l Si Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Al in a real industrial process using a commercial Al Si hypoeutectic alloy. The modi- with WC nanoparticles was determined after T6 heat treatment
More informationSINTERABILITY OF HIGH-SPEED STEELS M2, M3/2 AND T15
SINTERABILITY OF HIGH-SPEED STEELS, M3/2 AND Romário Mauricio Urbanetto Nogueira CEFET/PR UNED/MD romarioun@ig.com.br César Edil da Costa DEM-CCT/UDESC edil@joinville.udesc.br Keywords high speed steels,
More informationpowdercon Mat terial Engineering
Dr.-Ing. Hen nri Cohrt Quality Management and Quality Control in the Powder Injection Moulding Process Dr.-Ing. Henri Cohrt Marschallstrasse 2a D-35444 Biebertal Germany Tel.: +49 151 2290 1386 Fax: +49
More informationSurface Modification of AISI 1020 Steel with TiC Coating by TIG Cladding Process
Surface Modification of AISI 1020 Steel with TiC Coating by TIG Cladding Process Supriya Shashikant Patil 1 Dr. Sachin K Patil 2 1 PG Student, Production Engineering Department, ajarambapu Institute of
More informationMolybdenum and tungsten in sapphire crystal growth industry. M. Mark*, H. Traxler*, R. Schiftner*, B. Kleinpaß*, W. Knabl*
19 th Plansee Seminar RM 47/1 Molybdenum and tungsten in sapphire crystal growth industry M. Mark*, H. Traxler*, R. Schiftner*, B. Kleinpaß*, W. Knabl* * Plansee SE, 6600 Reutte, Austria Abstract High-temperature
More informationMaterial data sheet. EOS Aluminium AlSi10Mg. Description
https://gpiprototype.com EOS Aluminium AlSi10Mg EOS Aluminium AlSi10Mg is an aluminium alloy in fine powder form which has been specially optimised for processing on EOSINT M systems This document provides
More informationHigh Performance Alloys. Characteristics
Alloy Designation EN DIN CEN/TS 13388 UNS High Performance Alloys Chemical Composition percentage We have developed a wide range of high performance alloys with excellent properties regarding conductivity,
More informationDesign and Develop PM Processes for optimum Performance/Cost ratio Ti
Design and Develop PM Processes for optimum Performance/Cost ratio Ti Z. Zak Fang, Pei Sun, and Hongtao Wang Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah Outline Conventional manufacturing routes
More informationSolvent Debinding of MIM Parts in a Polystyrene-Palm Oil Based Binder System
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Solvent Debinding of MIM Parts in a Polystyrene-Palm Oil Based Binder System To cite this article: R. Asmawi et al 2016 IOP Conf.
More informationISOTHERMAL FORGING OF P/M FeAl ALLOYS. T. ŚLEBOD, S. BEDNAREK, A. Łukaszek-SOLEK
ISOTHERMAL FORGING OF P/M FeAl ALLOYS T. ŚLEBOD, S. BEDNAREK, A. Łukaszek-SOLEK AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza
More informationPROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE Al-Cr-Fe-Ti ALLOYS PREPARED BY POWDER METALLURGY. Karel DÁM, Dalibor VOJTĚCH, Filip PRŮŠA
PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE Al-Cr-Fe-Ti ALLOYS PREPARED BY POWDER METALLURGY Karel DÁM, Dalibor VOJTĚCH, Filip PRŮŠA Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Institute of Chemical Thechnology,
More informationE-BRITE E-BRITE. Technical Data Sheet. Stainless Steel: Superferritic GENERAL PROPERTIES PLANAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
E-BRITE Stainless Steel: Superferritic (UNS 44627, ASTM Type XM-27) GENERAL PROPERTIES E-BRITE alloy is a high purity ferritic stainless steel which combines excellent resistance to corrosion and oxidation
More informationMechanical properties of metal injection moulded 316l stainless steel using both prealloy and master alloy techniques
Mechanical properties of metal injection moulded 316l stainless steel using both prealloy and master alloy techniques D. F. Heaney, T. J. Mueller and P A. Davies ; Stainless steel 316L MIM components can
More informationVDM Alloy 80 A Nicrofer 7520 Ti
VDM Alloy 80 A Nicrofer 7520 Ti Material Data Sheet No. 4048 February 2017 February 2017 VDM Alloy 80 A 2 VDM Alloy 80 A Nicrofer 7520 Ti VDM Alloy 80 A is a nickel-chromium alloy that can be age-hardened.
More informationSURFACE MODIFICATIONS OF PM STAINLESS STEELS FOR ENHANCED CORROSION RESISTANCE
SURFACE MODIFICATIONS OF PM STAINLESS STEELS FOR ENHANCED CORROSION RESISTANCE Chris Schade Hoeganaes Corporation Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 ABSTRACT In general, PM stainless steel parts have inferior corrosion
More informationDEBINDING AND SINTERING CHARACTERISTIC OF INJECTION MOULDING CoCrMo ALLOY POWDER FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering Volume 1, Issue 7, July 2015 (ISSN: 2394 6598) DEBINDING AND SINTERING CHARACTERISTIC OF INJECTION MOULDING CoCrMo ALLOY POWDER FOR
More informationCombination of mechanical alloying and two-stage sintering of a 93W/5.6Ni/1.4Fe tungsten heavy alloy
Materials Science and Engineering A344 (2003) 253/260 www.elsevier.com/locate/msea Combination of mechanical alloying and two-stage sintering of a 93W/5.6Ni/1.4Fe tungsten heavy alloy Soon H. Hong a, Ho
More informationA Study of Additive Diffusion in Ferrous Powder Metal Compacts Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy
A Study of Additive Diffusion in Ferrous Powder Metal Compacts Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy Brian A. Sparber, Steven R. Spurgeon, and Mitra L. Taheri Department
More informationTutorial 2 : Crystalline Solid, Solidification, Crystal Defect and Diffusion
Tutorial 1 : Introduction and Atomic Bonding 1. Explain the difference between ionic and metallic bonding between atoms in engineering materials. 2. Show that the atomic packing factor for Face Centred
More informationC26800 CuZn33 Industrial Rolled
C268 Alloy Designation EN DIN CEN/TS 13388 CW56L JIS C 268 BS CZ 13 UNS Chemical Composition Weight percentage C268 Cu 66.. 68 % Zn Rest % Ni.3 % Sn.1 % Fe.5 % This alloy is in accordance with RoHS 22/96/CE
More informationEffects of particle shape and temperature on compaction of copper powder at micro scale
Effects of particle shape and on compaction of copper powder at micro scale hao-heng hang * and Ming-Ru Wu Department of Mold and Die Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of pplied Sciences, Kaohsiung,
More informationHeat Sink Manufacturing
Heat Sink Manufacturing Using Metal Injection Molding Rapid developments in microprocessor technology have led to a need for the efficient high-volume production of advanced heat sink devices. The metal
More informationGlossary of Steel Terms
Glossary of Steel Terms Steel Terms Explained. Below we list some of the most common steel terms and explain what they mean. AISI Alloy Alloy Steel Annealing ASTM Austenitic Bar Brinell (HB) Bright Drawn
More informationMaterial data sheet. EOS StainlessSteel 17-4 for EOSINT M 270. Description, application
EOS StainlessSteel 17-4 for EOSINT M 270 A number of different materials are available for use with EOSINT M systems, offering a broad range of e-manufacturing applications. EOS Stainless Steel 17-4 is
More informationHydraulic Pressing and Tape Casting of Advanced Ceramics a Comparison
Hydraulic Pressing and Tape Casting of Advanced Ceramics a Comparison Alfred Kaiser, LAEIS GmbH Josef Kraus, SAMA MASCHINENBAU GmbH Roel van Loo, ALPHA CERAMICS GmbH 32 nd International Conference and
More informationCHAPTER 4 1/1/2016. Mechanical Properties of Metals - I. Processing of Metals - Casting. Hot Rolling of Steel. Casting (Cont..)
Processing of Metals - Casting CHAPTER 4 Mechanical Properties of Metals - I Most metals are first melted in a furnace. Alloying is done if required. Large ingots are then cast. Sheets and plates are then
More informationHigh-strength thermomechanically rolled fine-grain steels. Technical terms of delivery. voestalpine Grobblech GmbH
High-strength thermomechanically rolled fine-grain steels Technical terms of delivery voestalpine Grobblech GmbH www.voestalpine.com/grobblech High-strength thermomechanically rolled fine-grain steels
More informationMANUFACTURING AND EVALUATING CU-BASED SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY BY HOT EXTRUSION OF PM SAMPLES MADE BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING
MANUFACTURING AND EVALUATING CU-BASED SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY BY HOT EXTRUSION OF PM SAMPLES MADE BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING Sajjad Pourkhorshidi, Mohammad Naeimi, Nader Parvin, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Zamani, Hamid
More informationBinder Optimization for the Production of Tungsten Feedstocks for PIM
Binder Optimization for the Production of Tungsten Feedstocks for PIM Travis E. Puzz, A. Antonyraj, and Randall M. German Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems Mississippi State University James J. Oakes
More informationElectron Beam Melted (EBM) Co-Cr-Mo Alloy for Orthopaedic Implant Applications Abstract Introduction The Electron Beam Melting Process
Electron Beam Melted (EBM) Co-Cr-Mo Alloy for Orthopaedic Implant Applications R.S. Kircher, A.M. Christensen, K.W. Wurth Medical Modeling, Inc., Golden, CO 80401 Abstract The Electron Beam Melting (EBM)
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS Stress-Strain Relationships Hardness Effect of Temperature on Properties Fluid Properties Viscoelastic Behavior of Polymers Mechanical Properties in Design and Manufacturing
More informationSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS WITH ADDITIONS OF TRANSITION METALS PRODUCED VIA COUPLED RAPID SOLIDIFICATION AND HOT EXTRUSION
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS WITH ADDITIONS OF TRANSITION METALS PRODUCED VIA COUPLED RAPID SOLIDIFICATION AND HOT EXTRUSION KULA Anna 1, BLAZ Ludwik 1 1 AGH University of Science and Technology,
More informationEqual channel angular pressing of pure aluminium an analysis
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 29, No. 7, December 2006, pp. 679 684. Indian Academy of Sciences. Equal channel angular pressing of pure aluminium an analysis M SARAVANAN, R M PILLAI*, B C PAI, M BRAHMAKUMAR
More informationThe Effect of Crystallographic Texture on the Wrap Bendability in AA5754-O Temper Sheet Alloy
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys, September 5-9, 2010, Yokohama, Japan 2010 The Japan Institute of Light Metals pp. 607-612 607 The Effect of Crystallographic Texture
More informationABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
EFFECT OF CARBON CONTENT AND POST-SINTERING COOLING RATE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH DENSITY SINTERED MATERIALS MADE FROM DIFFUSION-BONDED POWDERS L. Tremblay and F. Chagnon Quebec Metal Powders Limited
More informationTHE MECHANICAL PROPERTY RESPONSE OF TURBWE DISKS PRODUCED USING ADVANCED PM PROCESSING TECHNIQUES
THE MECHANICAL PROPERTY RESPONSE OF TURBWE DISKS PRODUCED USING ADVANCED PM PROCESSING TECHNIQUES Anthony Banik Special Metals Corporation Princeton, KY USA Kenneth A. Green Rolls-Royce Corporation Indianapolis,
More informationEffect of Ti on Charpy Fracture Energy and Other Mechanical Properties of ASTM A 710 Grade B Cu-Precipitation-Strengthened Steel
To be presented at Materials Science & Technology 2009 Conference (MS&T 09) October 25-29, 2009, Pittsburgh, PA Effect of Ti on Charpy Fracture Energy and Other Mechanical Properties of ASTM A 710 Grade
More informationEffect of Sintering Parameters and Powder Characteristics on the Performance of Metal-Injection-Molded SKD11 Parts
, July 3-5, 2013, London, U.K. Effect of Sintering arameters and owder Characteristics on the erformance of Metal-Injection-Molded SKD11 arts Huan Xi Chen, You Tern Tsai, and Kuan Hong Lin Abstract Metal-injection-molded
More informationTHERMOMECHANICALPROCESSING OF "JGSTEN-COPPER COMPOSITES E. K. Ohriner Metals and Ceramics Division
THERMOMECHANICALPROCESSING OF "JGSTEN-COPPER COMPOSITES E. K. Ohriner Metals and Ceramics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory P. 0. Box 2008 Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6083 and B. Bryskin Rhenium Alloys,
More informationPTFE semi-finished product range
PTE semi-finished product range 1 Semi-finished products made of PTE Precursors for industry We have a wide range of semi-finished products made of PTE and PTE compounds including solid and hollow rods,
More informationDILATOMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF Fe-Mn-Cr-Mo PM STEELS WITH DIFFERENT CARBON CONCENTRATIONS
Powder Metallurgy Progress, Vol.8 (8), No 2 151 DILATOMETRI INVESTIGATION OF Fe-Mn-r-Mo PM STEELS WITH DIFFERENT ARBON ONENTRATIONS M. Sulowski Abstract Sintering behaviour in high purity hydrogen, nitrogen
More information