A Practical Guide to Low Frequency Magnetic Shielding. STUART KOCH Vice President of Technical Products Amuneal Manufacturing Corp.
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1 A Practical Guide to Low Frequency Magnetic Shielding STUART KOCH Vice President of Technical Products Amuneal Manufacturing Corp. Philadelphia, PA
2 A Practical Guide to Low Frequency Magnetic Shielding Introduction to Amuneal Typical Magnetic Shielding Projects Common Terms in Magnetic Shielding The Major Magnetic Shielding Mechanisms Shield Design Considerations Fabrication and Handling Questions, Comments, and Discussion
3 Introduction to Amuneal
4 Industries and Technologies Supported Particle and Nuclear Physics Atomic Magnetometry Medical Systems Metrology Wafer Processing Equipment Microscopy Aerospace and Defense Astrophysics Biomagnetics
5 Magnetic Shields of All Sizes
6 Common Magnetic Shielding Terms The Beginning Of Wisdom Is To Call Things By Their Right Names.... Ancient Chinese Proverb
7 Common Magnetic Shielding Terms Field Strength (H) Flux Density (B) Frequency (F) Permeability (µ) Saturation (Bs) Attenuation (A)
8 Field Strength (H) (Oe, moe, A/M) Field strength depends on the intensity level of the source and its distance from the shield.
9 Flux density measures lines of flux per square centimeter. Flux Density (B) (G, mg, T)
10 Permeability (µ=b/h) Permeability measures the capacity of a material to provide a flux path.
11 Permeability Factors Manufacturers µ data on rings, not shields Flux density evenly distributed and measurable Known factors: diameter, length, spacing, material thickness, frequency, etc. Unknown factors: end caps, holes, stress, seams, joints, doors, furnace loading variation, material lot variation, etc.
12
13 B H Curves
14 Permeability vs. Thickness
15 Saturation is the maximum level of magnetic flux that a given material can conduct. Saturation (B s )
16 Saturation B mat l = B applied 2 Shield Radii Material Thickness Assumes high permeability (µ) material Flux lines which are within 2 radii from the center of the shield will be pulled into the shield material The shield will not saturate as long as B sat > B applied 2r T
17 Frequency (f) B 40 vs. Frequency and Material Thickness Permeability affects the overall shielding factor as a function of frequency and material thickness.
18 Major Magnetic Shielding Mechanisms Flux Shunting Ferromagnetic Materials Function of Permeability Eddy Currents Conductive Materials Function of Frequency
19 Magnetic Shield Design Considerations Magnetic Field Intensity and Frequency Material Selection Shield Configuration and Geometry
20 Common Magnetic Shielding Materials Material Saturation Permeability (µ ) Resistivity (Gauss) Mill Cert / Effective (µohm-cm) Amumetal 8,000 60,000 15, Amumetal 4K* 9,000 70,000 17, ULCS/LCS 22,000 1, Aluminum N/A Copper N/A * Cryogenic application
21 University of Maryland Four Layer Magnetic Shield Components for the Study of Intrinsic Magnetic Characteristics of Superconductors
22 Permeability vs. Operating Temperature
23 Shield Configuration / Geometry Shape Dimensions Number of Layers Seams and Connections End Effects
24
25
26 Attenuation Attenuation as a Function of Layers Number of Shield Layers
27
28
29 Seams
30 Joiner Bands
31 Stanford University Atomic Equivalence Experiment
32 End Effects
33 End Caps
34 Three Layer Magnetometer Shield with Access Door and Flanged Lid
35 LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY Advanced Light Source MAGNETIC SHIELD FOR THE THIRD GENERATION PHOTON EMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (PEEM3)
36 Magnetic Shield Fabrication and Handling Sheet Metal...Not Machining! Hydrogen Annealing Handle Like Glass
37
38 SEM Photos of Grain Boundary Grooves in Amumetal Figure 1: 1,000x Magnification Figure 2: 2,100x Magnification
39 Attenuation Testing
40
41
42 Effects of Mishandling Drop Test Data µ/ Drops from 30.5 cm Drops from 61.0 cm Drops from 93.0 cm
43 Demagnetization
44 Procedure for Cylinder Demagnetization H = NI L fe H = Magnetization field in A/cm (1.0 A/cm for Amumetal) N = Number of coil windings I = Current Amperes L fe = Outer circumference of cylinder in cm Method: This method allows varying the current in order to minimize the number of coil windings. Using a VARIAC, ramp up slowly to the selected current over 15 seconds, hold for 15 seconds, and then ramp down to zero amps over 15 seconds. Repeating the cycle three times will optimize demagnetization. Additional cycles beyond that tend to have little, if any, benefit.
45 Major Cost Factors Material Cost Shield Dimensions and Complexity Engineering Fabrication Hydrogen Annealing Ease of Assembly and Installation
46 One final note The terms How magnetic shielding works The right material for your application Important design considerations Does the shield meet my attenuation needs? Why hydrogen annealing is so important And please remember to get us involved early in your project.
47 SOME REFERENCES FOR LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC SHIELDING (1) A New Estimation of the Axial Shielding Factors for Multishell Cylindrical Shields, E. Paperno, H. Koide, I. Sasada, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 87, Nbr 9, 1 may 2000 Amuneal s Cryoperm Magnetic Shielding, 4 pages. COLD FACTS Buyer Guide December 2004 Volume 20, Number 5 Application of Atomic Magnetometry in Magnetic Particle Detection, S. Xu, M. H. Donaldson, A. Piners, S.M. Rochester, D. Budker, V. V. Yashchuk. Applied Physics Letters 89, (2006) ASTM A Standard Specification for Wrought Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic Alloys, 6 pages. American Society for Testing and Materials Conventional Magnetic Shielding, T. J. Sumner, J. M. Pendlebury, K. M. Smith, J. Phys. D: Applied Physics 20 (1987) * Cryomodule Design for a Superconducting LINAC with Quart-Wave, Half-Wave and Focusing Elements, M. Johnson et. al, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University Cryoperm 10 Data Set HT-EM, 11 pages. Vacuumschmelze GmbH Custom Magnetic Shielding for Low Temperature Applications, 4 pages. Amuneal Manufacturing Corporation Definitive Guide to Magnetic Shielding, 27 pages. Amuneal Manufacturing Corporation
48 MORE REFERENCES FOR LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC SHIELDING (2) Design of the Magnetic Shield for TRASCO Low Beta Elliptical Cavities, P. Pierini, S. Barbanotti, L. Monaco, N. Panzeri, INFN Milano - LASA Experience With Magnetic Shielding of a Large Scale Accelerator, S. Nagaitsev, C. Gattuso, S. Pruss, J. Volk, FNAL Ferromagnetism, Richard M. Bozorth, IEEE Press, 1951, Rev 1978, (968 pages) Magnetic Shielding, Vacuumschmelze GmbH Publication FS-M9, 1989 (46 pages) Magnetic Shielding Theory and Practice, L. Maltin and A. Kamens, in ITEM EMC Directory & Design Guide, 2001 (3 pages) Magnetic Shields, Albrecht Mager, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, March 1970 Material Efficiency in Magnetic Shielding at Low and Intermediate Frequency, U. Adriano, O. Bottauscio, M. Zucca, IEEE Transactions on magnetics, Vol. 39, No. 5, September 2003 Optimal Shell Separation for Closed Axial Cylindrical Magnetic Shields, Eugene Paperno, Saee Peliwal, Michael V. Romalis, Anton Plotkin, Journal of Applied Physics 97, 10Q104 (2005) Optimal Three-Layer Cylindrical Magnetic Shield Sets for Scientific Applications, E. A. Burt and C. R. Ekstrom, Review of Scientific Instruments Vol 73, Number 7, July 2002,
49 MORE REFERENCES FOR LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC SHIELDING (3) Principles of Quasistatic Magnetic Shielding with Cylindrical and Spherical Shields, J. F. Hoburg, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol 37, No. 4, November 1995 Review of Magnetic Properties of Fe-Ni Alloys, Gilbert Y. Chin, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol MAG-7, No. 1, March 1971 Simple Formula for Multiple Mu-metal Shields, D. Dubbers, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A (1986) SNS Cavity Intrinsic Quality Factor Requirements Based on a Cryomodule Magnetic Shielding Calculation Sun An, SNS-NOTE-CRYO-120, March 2004 Soft Magnetic Materials Handbook: Fundamentals, Alloys, Properties, Products, Applications, Richard Boll (ed.) Vacuumschmelze GmbH, 1979 (353 pages) Systematic Design of Magnetic Shields, E. Baum and J. Bork, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 101 (1991) The Drop Test: Deterioration of Magnetic Shielding Due to Mishandling or Abuse, S. M. Kamens and R. M. Koren, in EMC Technology 1987 Westinghouse Designers Handbook: The When, Why and How of Magnetic Shielding, C. H. Arendt, Jr., Westinghouse Electric Corporation publication, (1966) 35 pages
50 For a complimentary copy of today s presentation and the list of reference documents, please visit:
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