November 13, RAP Plant Mix Study Progress Report
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1 November 13, 2009 RAP Plant Mix Study Progress Report
2 Outline Review of Phase I Review of Work Plan Summary of Results Discuss Potential Recommendations
3 Experimental Design Binder Grade Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement 0% 15% 25% 40% PG X X PG X X X X
4 Complex Dynamic Modulus (MPa) Phase 1 Data PG C 37.8 C 54.4 C PG A (0%) B (15%) C (25%) D (40%) E (25%) F (40%) Mix ID (%RAP)
5 Critical Cracking Temperatures Mix RAP Content Tc ( C) A PG B PG C PG D PG E PG F PG
6 2006 Results For these materials and this plant, the RAP mixes were not as stiff as expected. The binder did not stiffen linearly with increasing RAP content. In this case, dropping the virgin grade to PG58-28 for 25% RAP was not necessary.
7 Tests (being) Conducted Dynamic Modulus E* High and intermediate modulus, blending Indirect Tension Low temperature Binder extraction/recovery and PG grade Blending analysis Fatigue Testing at FHWA TFHRC Samples delivered November 19, 2008
8 Phase 2 Results
9 Log E*, MPa E&B Mix E* Control versus PG MixA (0% RAP) MixE (25% RAP) MixF (40% RAP) E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 Log Reduced Frequency, Hz
10 Log E*, MPa E&B Mix E* PG64-22 versus PG MixC (25% RAP) MixE (25% RAP) MixD (40% RAP) MixF (40% RAP) E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 Log Reduced Frequency, Hz
11 Log E*, MPa E&B Mix E* PG E&B Mix E* 1000 MixA (0%0 RAP) MixB (15% RAP) MixC (25% RAP) MixD (40% RAP) E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 Log Reduced Frequency, Hz
12 Log E*, MPa JHR Mix E* Control versus PG MixA (0% RAP) MixE (25% RAP) MixF (40% RAP) E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 Log Reduced Frequency, Hz
13 Log E*, MPa JHR Mix E* PG64-22 versus PG MixC (25% RAP) MixE (25% RAP) MixD (40% RAP) MixF (40% RAP) E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 Log Reduced Frequency, Hz
14 Log E*, MPa JHR Mix E* PG MixA (0%0 RAP) MixB (15% RAP) MixC (25% RAP) MixD (40% RAP) E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 Log Reduced Frequency, Hz
15 Log E*, MPa P&B Mix E* Control versus PG MixA (0% RAP) MixE (25% RAP) MixF (40% RAP) E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 Log Reduced Frequency, Hz
16 Log E*, MPa P&B Mix E* PG64-22 versus PG MixC (25% RAP) MixE (25% RAP) MixD (40% RAP) MixF (40% RAP) E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 Log Reduced Frequency, Hz
17 Log E*, MPa P&B Mix E* PG MixA (0%0 RAP) MixB (15% RAP) MixC (25% RAP) MixD (40% RAP) E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 Log Reduced Frequency, Hz
18 Log E*, MPa RR Mix E* Control versus PG MixA (0% RAP) MixE (25% RAP) MixF (40% RAP) E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 Log Reduced Frequency, Hz
19 Log E*, MPa RR Mix E* PG64-22 versus PG MixC (25% RAP) MixE (25% RAP) MixD (40% RAP) MixF (40% RAP) E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 Log Reduced Frequency, Hz
20 Log E*, MPa RR Mix E* PG MixA (0%0 RAP) MixB (15% RAP) MixC (25% RAP) MixD (40% RAP) E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 Log Reduced Frequency, Hz
21 Strength, kpa E&B IDT Strength Strength -16 Pvmt. Cracking Temperature, C Temperature 3000 EB-A EB-B EB-C EB-D EB-E EB-F -22 Mixes
22 Stiffness, GPa E&B IDT Stiffness Stiffness 30 Temperature -16 Pvmt. Cracking Temperature, C 20 EB-A EB-B EB-C EB-D EB-E EB-F -22 Mixes
23 Strength, kpa JHR IDT Strength Strength Pvmt. Cracking Temperature, C Temperature 2000 JH-A JH-B JH-C JH-D JH-E JH-F -28 Mixes
24 Stiffness, GPa JHR IDT Stiffness Stiffness Temperature Pvmt. Cracking Temperature, C 10 JH-A JH-B JH-C JH-D JH-E JH-F -46 Mixes
25 Strength, kpa P&B IDT Strength Strength Temperature Pvmt. Cracking Temperature, C 2500 PB-A PB-B PB-C PB-D PB-E PB-F -28 Mixes
26 Stiffness, GPa P&B IDT Stiffness Stiffness Temperature Pvmt. Cracking Temperature, C 10 PB-A PB-B PB-C PB-D PB-E PB-F -28 Mixes
27 Strength, kpa RR IDT Strength Strength Pvmt. Cracking Temperature, C Temperature 2000 RR-A RR-B RR-C RR-D RR-E RR-F -46 Mixes
28 Stiffness, GPa RR IDT Stiffness Stiffness Temperature Pvmt. Cracking Temperature, C 10 RR-A RR-B RR-C RR-D RR-E RR-F -46 Mixes
29 What does this mean? In some cases, it appears binder grade does not affect IDT (E&B) In some cases, similar temperature and modulus/ stiffness/strength through 15%, others through 25% PG58 usually but not always softer than PG64
30 Blending - Bonaquist approach Measure mix dynamic modulus Develop master curve Stiffness over range of temps and loading rates Extract/ recover binder (total blending) Measure binder shear modulus
31 Blending - Bonaquist approach Estimate mix modulus for that binder (if totally blended) Hirsch model uses binder shear modulus and mix volumetrics to estimate mix stiffness Compare estimated(from binder) and measured mix moduli Overlap indicates good mixing
32 Binder G*, kpa Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry 9.5 mm with PG 64-22, Batch Plant 1.0E E E E E+02 From Mix 1.0E+01 Recovered Binder 1.0E E E E E E E E+08 Reduced Frequency, rad/sec Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC
33 Binder G*, kpa 9.5 mm with PG % RAS, Batch Plant 1.0E E E E+03 From Mix 1.0E E+01 Recovered Binder 1.0E E E E E E E E+08 Reduced Frequency, rad/sec Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry
34 Binder G*, kpa 9.5 mm with PG % FRAP, Double Barrel 1.0E E E E E E+01 PG With 35 % RAP From Mix Modulus PG With 35% RAP From Recovered Binder 1.0E E E E E E E E+08 Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC Reduced Frequency, rad/sec Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry
35 G*, Pa E&B Mix A 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. A-EB Est. A-EB PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
36 G*, Pa E&B Mix B 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. B-EB Est. B-EB PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
37 G*, Pa E&B Mix C 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. C-EB Est. C-EB PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
38 G*, Pa E&B Mix D 1.0E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. D-EB Est. D-EB PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
39 G*, Pa E&B Mix E 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. E-EB 1.0E+01 Est. E-EB 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 PG E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
40 G*, Pa E&B Mix F 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. F-EB Est. F-EB PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
41 G*, Pa JHR Mix A 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. A-JH Est. A-JH PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
42 G*, Pa JHR Mix B 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. B-JH Est. B-JH PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
43 G*, Pa JHR Mix C 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. C-JH Est. C-JH PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
44 G*, Pa JHR Mix D 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. D-JH Est. D-JH PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
45 G*, Pa JHR Mix E 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. E-JH Est. E-JH PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
46 G*, Pa JHR Mix F 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. F-JH Est. F-JH PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
47 G*, Pa P&B Mix A 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. A-PB Est. A-PB PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
48 G*, Pa P&B Mix B 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. B-PB Est. B-PB PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
49 G*, Pa P&B Mix C 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. C-PB Est. C-PB PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
50 G*, Pa P&B Mix D 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. D-PB Est. D-PB PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
51 G*, Pa P&B Mix E 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. E-PB Est. E-PB PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
52 G*, Pa P&B Mix F 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. F-PB Est. F-PB PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
53 G*, Pa RR Mix A 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. A-RR Est. A-RR PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
54 G*, Pa RR Mix B 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. B-RR Est. B-RR PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
55 G*, Pa RR Mix C 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. C-RR Est. C-RR PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
56 G*, Pa RR Mix D 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. D-RR Est. D-RR PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
57 G*, Pa RR Mix E 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. E-RR Est. E-RR PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
58 G*, Pa RR Mix F 1.0E E E E E E E E E E+02 Meas. F-RR Est. F-RR PG E+01 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 Reduced Frequency, Hz
59 What Does This Mean? Two cases indicated pretty good blending, two maybe questionable Relates to other comparisons IDT indicated little effect of binder grade in the cases with questionable blending
60 Impacts of Blending on Performance If we assume there is blending and there isn t, virgin binder grade may be softer than desired. Increased chance for rutting Decreased chance for cracking If we assume there is no blending and there is, effective binder grade may be stiffer than desired. Decreased chance for rutting Increased chance for cracking
61 Risks of False Assumptions Assuming there is blending may be more conservative. Shouldn t rely on binder to control rutting Increased cracking can have performance and economic impacts But, if the RAP binder does not blend and act like binder, mix could be underasphalted.
62 G*, Pa Recovered RAP Binder Comparison 1.0E+07 Recovered RAP Binders 1.0E E E+04 JH PG64 RR PG64 PB PG64 EB PG64 1.0E E E+01 1.E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 Reduced Frequency, Hz
63 Percent of Mix or Binder? Compared three different RAPs from P&B Surface Millings 5.4% binder Full Depth Millings 4.2% Crushed and Screened 3.7% As binder content decreases, could use more RAP on % binder replacement basis
64 DISCUSSION
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