Industry Use of the AMPT
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1 Industry Use of the AMPT Richard Steger, P.E. InVia Pavement Technologies, LLC 2013 NCAUPG Technical Conference
2 Outline 1. Tests run on the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT) or similar devices/load frames Dynamic Modulus (E*) Flow Number (F n ) / Flow Time Direct Tension Cyclic Fatigue Overlay Test 2. How Industry can use the device Specification/Supplier Guidelines Development New Product Development 2
3 Outline 1. Tests run on the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT) or similar devices/load frames Dynamic Modulus (E*) Flow Number (F n ) / Flow Time Direct Tension Cyclic Fatigue Overlay Test (Draft ASTM) 2. How Industry can use the device Specification/Supplier Guidelines Development New Product Development 3
4 Apparatus
5 Outline 1. Tests run on the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT) or similar devices/load frames Dynamic Modulus (E*) Flow Number (F n ) / Flow Time Direct Tension Cyclic Fatigue Overlay Test (Draft ASTM) 2. How Industry can use the device Specification/Supplier Guidelines Development New Product Development 5
6 Mixture Characterizations using AMPT Mixture Stiffness Dynamic Modulus (E*) - AASHTO TP / T Determines the dynamic modulus and flow number for HMA/WMA Material input for pavement design Resistance to Permanent Deformation Flow Number (F n ) / Flow Time (also AASHTO TP79-11) 6
7 AASHTO TP 79 Dynamic Modulus (E*) Flow Number (F n ) / Flow Time 7
8 Outline 1. Tests run on the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT) or similar devices/load frames Dynamic Modulus (E*) Flow Number (F n ) / Flow Time Direct Tension Cyclic Fatigue Overlay Test (Draft ASTM) 2. How Industry can use the device Specification/Supplier Guidelines Development New Product Development 8
9 Mixture Characterizations using AMPT Durability Cyclic Fatigue - Simplified Continuum Damage Uniaxial Fatigue Proposed AASHTO Method Standard Method of Test for Determining the Damage Characteristic Curve of Asphalt Concrete from Direct Tension Cyclic Fatigue Tests 9
10 Cyclic Fatigue Direct Tension Cyclic Fatigue 10
11 Outline 1. Tests run on the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT) or similar devices/load frames Dynamic Modulus (E*) Flow Number (F n ) / Flow Time Direct Tension Cyclic Fatigue Overlay Test (Draft ASTM) 2. How Industry can use the device Specification/Supplier Guidelines Development New Product Development 11
12 Mixture Characterizations using AMPT Reflective Cracking Overlay Test Draft ASTM Standard Test Method 12
13 Reflective Cracking Overlay Test 13
14 Outline 1. Tests run on the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT) or similar devices/load frames Dynamic Modulus (E*) Flow Number (F n ) / Flow Time Direct Tension Cyclic Fatigue Overlay Test (Draft ASTM) 2. How Industry can use the device Specification/Supplier Guidelines Development New Product Development 14
15 WMA Chemical Manufacturer s Guidelines/Specification Development Modeled after existing work NCHRP 9-43, Report 691 Build/expand on Appendix to AASHTO R 35: Special Mixture Design Considerations and Methods for Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) Address WMA lab sample prep to replicate field produced mix WMA Mix Evaluations Coating, Compactability, Moisture Sensitivity, Rutting 15
16 WMA Chemical Manufacturer s Guidelines/Specification Development Expand on Compaction Ratio (Compactability) gyrations to 92 percent relative density, CDI/ Locking Point CFI / TFI / N@Norm S g % (0.95) W(N1 N2) S g Workability Test (Compactability) Dongré Workability Test (DWT) Currently run on Pine G2, other compactors should be able to run No special equipment ASTM Draft Test Method 16
17 WMA Chemical Manufacturer s Guidelines/Specification Development Determine effective dose rate for WMA additive Compaction Metric (example) DWT (example) Evaluation of HMA & WMA using AMPT Dynamic Modulus, E* Flow Number, F n Direct Tension Cyclic Fatigue Overlay Test 17
18 Example HMA Mix Compaction Ratio P109 no Evo Remakes 18
19 Example WMA Mix Compaction Ratio P109 W/Evo Remakes 19
20 Example HMA Mix - Norm Sg(N1-N2) P109 no Evo Remakes 20
21 Example WMA Mix - Norm Sg(N1-N2) P109 W/Evo Remakes 21
22 Example WMA Mix DWT workability P118-WMA Evotherm with RAP_DWT 22
23 WMA Chemical Manufacturer s Guidelines/Specification Development Mixture aging As per RRD 370, Guidelines for Project Selection and Materials Sampling, Conditioning, and Testing in WMA Research Studies PMFC -> DWT, Compaction Metrics PMLC -> TSR, HWT, MiST, E*, F n, OT, Direct Tension Cyclic Fatigue PMFC Aging conditions Compacted within 1 to 8 hours of production PMLC Aging conditions TSR, HWT, MiST - WMA Compaction Temp + 16 Hr at 60C (140F) +2 Hr Compaction Temp E*, F n, OT, Cyclic Fatigue - Long Term Aging (AASHTO R30) 5 days at 85C (185F) + 2 Hr at Compaction Temp 23
24 WMA Chemical Manufacturer s Guidelines/Specification Development Evaluate E*, Fn, OT, Direct Tension Cyclic Fatigue Current Status Collected mix on 11 projects / 18 mixtures Running E*, F n, OT, Direct Tension Cyclic Fatigue 24
25 Outline 1. Tests run on the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT) or similar devices/load frames Dynamic Modulus (E*) Flow Number (Fn) / Flow Time Direct Tension Cyclic Fatigue Overlay Test (Draft ASTM) 2. How Industry can use the device Specification/Supplier Guidelines Development New Product Development 25
26 New Product Development EvoFlex Recycling Additive Product Purpose Binder Grade Modification Improve RAP/RAS Blending Improved Workability Improved Coating How is AMPT being used? Evaluate Binder, RAP, and RAS components during design to determine appropriate EvoFlex dose rate Dynamic Modulus E* Compare measured mix E* to Binder/Mix E* predicted via the Hirsch Model Determine Blended Binder Grade Binder G*-> Run Hirsch Model -> Predict Mixture E* 26
27 New Product Development Comparisons - Allow product development to move forward How much to use? How to add material to mix in lab? Commercialization activities How to use material in the mix design Demonstrate how materials perform Mixture Stiffness and Rutting Durability Reflective Cracking 27
28 New Product Development Testing Outline Dynamic Modulus Master Curve Testing on Plant Produced Mixture (AASHTO TP 79-11) Extraction and Recovery of Binders from Plant Produced Mixtures (AASHTO T 164 and ASTM D 5404) Partial Master Curve Testing of the As-Recovered Binder (AASHTO T 315) Compare Measured E* (from AMPT) with Predicted E* (Hirsch Model) F n run for information only Grading of the Recovered Binders (AASHTO R29) 28
29 New Product Development Testing Outline Dynamic Modulus Master Curve Testing on Plant Produced Mixture (AASHTO TP 79-11) Extraction and Recovery of Binders from Plant Produced Mixtures (AASHTO T 164 and ASTM D 5404) Partial Master Curve Testing of the As-Recovered Binder (AASHTO T 315) Compare Measured E* (from AMPT) with Predicted E* (Hirsch Model) Fn run for information only Grading of the Recovered Binders (AASHTO R29) 29
30 Mix E* Measured Master Curve AASHTO TP Mixture Air Voids VMA VFA PG Low Speed or High Temperature Dynamic Modulus Master Curve High Speed or Low Temperature E* (ksi) E-3 19-mm Reduced Frequency (Hz) 30
31 New Product Development Hirsch Model E*=f (VMA, VFA, and G* binder ) VMA E* = Pc 4,200, VFA 3G * 20 + VMA Pc = VFA 3G * VMA binder binder G * binder VFA VMA + 10,000 ( 1 P ) VMA VMA + 4,200,000 3 VFA G * Christensen, D.W., Pellinen, T., and Bonaquist, R.F., Hirsch Model for Estimating the Modulus of Asphalt Concrete, Proceedings of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, Vol. 72, 2003, pp c binder 1 31
32 Binder Extraction and Recovery AASHTO T 164 & ASTM D
33 New Product Development Testing Outline Dynamic Modulus Master Curve Testing on Plant Produced Mixture (AASHTO TP 79-11) Extraction and Recovery of Binders from Plant Produced Mixtures (AASHTO T 164 and ASTM D 5404) Partial Master Curve Testing of the As-Recovered Binder (AASHTO T 315) Compare Measured E* (from AMPT) with Predicted E* (Hirsch Model) Fn run for information only Grading of the Recovered Binders (AASHTO R29) 33
34 Binder Testing AASHTO R
35 New Product Development Testing Outline Dynamic Modulus Master Curve Testing on Plant Produced Mixture (AASHTO TP 79-11) Extraction and Recovery of Binders from Plant Produced Mixtures (AASHTO T 164 and ASTM D 5404) Partial Master Curve Testing of the As-Recovered Binder (AASHTO T 315) Compare Measured E* (from AMPT) with Predicted E* (Hirsch Model) F n run for information only Grading of the Recovered Binders (AASHTO R29) 35
36 Compare Mix E* (Measured) to Binder E* (Predicted) 10,000 1,000 E*, ksi Measured Predicted 1 4C, 10 Hz 4C, 1 Hz 4C, 0.1 Hz 20C, 10 Hz 20C, 1 Hz 20C, 0.1 Hz 35C, 10 Hz 35C, 1 Hz 35C, 0.1 Hz Testing Condition 36
37 New Product Development Testing Outline Dynamic Modulus Master Curve Testing on Plant Produced Mixture (AASHTO TP 79-11) Extraction and Recovery of Binders from Plant Produced Mixtures (AASHTO T 164 and ASTM D 5404) Partial Master Curve Testing of the As-Recovered Binder (AASHTO T 315) Compare Measured E* (from AMPT) with Predicted E* (Hirsch Model) Grading of the Recovered Binders (AASHTO R29) 37
38 Binder Grading (AASHTO M320) Condition Test Temperature C PG E-3 19-mm As Recovered G*/sinδ, kpa AASHTO T G*sinδ, kpa AASHTO T Pressure Aging Creep Stiffness, MPa Vessel Residue AASHTO T m-value High 71.1 Continuous Grade, Intermediate N/A 18.7 C Low Grade AASHTO M 320 N/A
39 Summary AMPT Mechanical Testing Specification/Supplier Guidelines Development Dynamic Modulus Data Can be Used to Evaluate Chemical WMA Allows Supplier to understand WMA effects on mixture mechanical tests Mixture mechanical tests used to develop Supplier point of view on how best to use WMA Mechanical mixture test data can be related to field performance Predicted field performance can make it easier to agencies to adopt new products for regular use in construction New Product Development EvoFlex Mix E* used to evaluate RAP & RAS mixtures with EvoFlex Test is sensitive to binder stiffness 39
40 Acknowledgements Jason Bausano, PhD, P.E. Research Engineer MeadWestvaco Specialty Chemicals Division Todd Lynn, PhD, P.E. Principal Engineer Thunderhead Testing 40
41 Questions? 41
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