Peter Häupl ON USE OF CAPILLARY ACTIVE MATERIALS FOR REHABILITATION OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS. Extract from lectures at SU presented by Mark Bomberg

Transcription

1 Peter Häupl ON USE OF CAPILLARY ACTIVE MATERIALS FOR REHABILITATION OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS Extract from lectures at SU presented by Mark Bomberg

2 Test houses with capillary active interior thermal insulation Bahnmeisterstraße Senftenberg Gründerzeithaus Dresden Umgebindehaus Ebersbach Fachwerkhaus Edemissen Herrenschießhaus Nürnberg

3 Principles of the capillary active insulation outdoor indoor Moisture content Moisture condenses on the cold side Open for diffusion capillary active insulation Capillary forces brings back the condensed moisture Functions: Moisture protection High capillary activity Thermal protection

4 European Union Project INSUMAT Materialdevelopment Through collaboration between Manufacturing Simulation Test Manufacturer Experiments and Simulations Validation Calcium-Silicate types Calcium-Silikat AA (initial product) Calcium-Silikat V62 Calcium-Silikat T7-2 Calcium-Silikat Test T7-14 houses Calcium-Silikat T8-6 (End product)) Calcium-Silikat T8-12 Calcium-Silikat T9-13 Calcium-Silikat T11-12

5 Solid phase matrix of calcium silicate Components: Calcium oxide, Silica Desorption-Isotherms oxide, Cellulose, Wasser (23 C) 2.0 Xonolite - masive structure 1.8 Tobermorite - needle like form Moisture content, Vol% Xonolite Tobermorite Relative Humidity, %

6 Characteristics of calcium-silicate AA dol/dlr [---] logarithmic normal pore volume -9 Pore volume distribution lr [undefined] -5 Ol [m3/m3] Sorption isotherm Ol(f)-data Ol(pC)-data 0.2 Sorption isoterme multimodal Gauss-Function 0.4 f [---] 0.6 Ol [m3/m3] θ l (ϕ) θ l (p c ) Moisture retention curve Water retention curve Ol(pc)-data Ol(f)-data multimodal Gauss-Function E4 1E5 1E6 1E7 1E8 1E9 -pc [Pa] Kl [s] 1E-11 1E-12 1E-13 1E-14 1E-15 0 Moisture conductivity 0.1 Integration with a pore model Ol [m3/m3] 0.6 Dvn [undefined] 0.7 1E-5 9E-6 8E-6 7E-6 K eff 6E-6 5E-6 4E-6 3E-6 2E-6 1E Diffusion coefficient μ Dry series-parallel model for vapor and liquid phases Ol [m3/m3] 0.6 lbd [W/mK] λ Dry 0.2 Thermal conductivity 0.3 moisture and heat transport Ol [m3/m3]

7 dol/dlr [---] Optimisation of calcium-silicate AA Porenvolumenverteilung lr [---] 0.02 Pore volume distribution AA Pore volume distribution V62 Sorption isotherm AA Pore volume distribution T7-2 Sorption isotherm V62 Pore volume distribution T7-14 Sorption isotherm T7-2 Pore volume distribution T8-6 Sorption isotherm T Pore volume distribution T8-12 Sorption isotherm T8-6 Pore volume distribution T9-13 Sorption isotherm T Pore volume distribution T11-12 Sorption isotherm T Sorption isotherm T Ol [m3/m3] Sorptionsisotherme f [---] Ol [m3/m3] Saugspannungskurve Water retention curve AA Water retention curve V Water retention curve T7-2 Water retention curve T Water retention curve T8-6 Water retention curve T Water retention curve T9-13 Water retention curve T E4 1E5 1E6 1E7 1E8 1E9 -pc [Pa] Kl [undefined] 1E-9 1E-10 1E-11 1E-12 1E-13 1E-14 1E-15 1E-16 1E-17 1E-18 0 Flüssigwasserleitfähigkeit 1E Vapour diffusivity AA 9E-6 Vapour diffusivity V62 8E-6 Vapour diffusivity T7-2 Vapour diffusivity 0.09 T7-14 7E-6 Vapour diffusivity T8-6 Vapour diffusivity T8-12 6E-6 Vapour diffusivity 0.08 T9-13 Liquid water conductivity 5E-6 AA Vapour diffusivity T Liquid water conductivity V62 Liquid water conductivity 4E-6 T Liquid water conductivity 3E-6 T7-14 Liquid water conductivity T Liquid water conductivity 2E-6 T Liquid water conductivity T9-13 Liquid water conductivity 1E-6 T Ol [m3/m3] Ol [m3/m3] Dvn [m2/s] Dampfdiffusionskoeffizient lbd [W/mK] Wärmeleitfähigkeit Ol [m3/m3] Thermal conductivity AA Thermal conductivity V62 Thermal conductivity T7-2 Thermal conductivity T7-14 Thermal conductivity T8-6 Thermal conductivity T8-12 Thermal conductivity T9-13 Thermal conductivity T

8 Moisture content distribution depends on the type of calcium silicate Clinker - Brick wall structure with an interior insulation system of Calciumsilicate simulation with stationary conditions (DIN 4108) for 60 days - outside: T=-10 C, RH=80% inside: T=20 C, RH=60% water content (Vol%) Comparison of different Calciumsilicate materials of Calsitherm moisture profile versus structure after 60 days Clinker (1d-calculations) Brick Plaster Mortar CaSi Good Connection between insulation and old structure: CalciumSilicate T8-6 CalciumSilicate T8-12 CalciumSilicate T9-13 CalciumSilicate T width (mm)

9 Dresden: Renovation Weather station Indoor insulation with calcium silicate plates

10 Dresden: Climate data (12/96-6/01) Temperature Radiation Temperatur in C Strahlung in W/m² Air hunidity Verical rain relative Luftfeuchte in % Niederschlag in mm

11 Dresden: indoor clima Temperatur in C Temperature indoor RH indoor relative Luftfeuchte in % /96-06/01

12 Dresden: Measuring points außen innen Wärmestrom Kondensat Kondensat Luftfeuchte Temperatur Temperatur Sandstein Ziegel Putz Kleber Dämmung Wall cross section and places of measuring points on the ground floor

13 Dresden: measured and calculated Temperatur in C gemessen berechnet berechnet gemessen Temperature cold side insulation Wärmestromdichte in W/m² Heat flux on inner surface /96-06/01

14 Gründerzeit-House in Dresden moisture behind the inside insulation Rel. Humidity in % - calculated - measured Time in days Capillary active inside insulation - calciumsilicate

15 Gründerzeit-House in Dresden Moisture content in Vol% Inner condensation Brick wall Driving rain Sandstone Capillar active insulation Calciumsilicate Moisture field within the structure 1999 to 2004

16 Gründerzeit-House in Dresden Moisture content in Vol% Inner condensation Driving rain Sandstone Capillar not active inside insulation Brick wall Moisture field within the structure 1999 to 2004

17 Nürnberg: Revovation Interior insulation calcium silicate plates

18 Nürnberg: after renovation Measuring points 2 and 1

19 Nürnberg: Measured and calculated ---- berechnet ---- gemessen Relative Luftfeuchte in % Relative humidity on cold side of insulation MP 2 Zeit in Tagen 11/01-04/02

20 Sapporo: measured and calculated Comparison of measurements and calculations of model wall in Sapporo (Period 1-5) 35 Lehmschicht 1 Lehmschicht 2 Kalkputz WatCont in [Vol%] Messung Rechnung Time in [d]

21 Rehabilitation of a straw loam house (East Saxony)

22 Comparing wood MC on 13 mm depth Simulated 2-D and measured in wood moisture distribution

23 2-D temperature distribution and placement of sensors

24 MC in the middle of framework without capillary conductivity (method ISO 13788)

25 MC in the middle of framework with real moisture conductivity

26 Total amount of condensation vs time with and without capillary conductivity

27 Dresden: reconstruction of Our Lady Church

28 Temperature vs ventilation rate

29 Moisture in outer cupola wall for n= 0.5 1/h

30 Effect of climate plaster on RH in the cupola

31 MC distribution in cupola wall, effects of rain (left) and climate plaster (right)

32 Church of Our Lady Dresden, Germany, after the rebuilding December 2005

33 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Built by Pierre H.J. Cuypers in 1885

34 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Rain flow density in Amsterdam (driving rain on the westside)

35 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Rel Luftfeuchte in [%] Thickness Wanddicke: 600mm -600 inside mm corner - Winkel (2D) (2D) Thickness Wanddicke: 600mm 600 normal mm wall - Wand (1D) (1D) Zeit in [d] Course of relative humidity on inner surface and inside of the corner in the 4 th year

36 Course of relative humidity and inside of the corner day 730 January 1st Rijksmuseum Amsterdam φ =φ = 87.5% 87.5 % RH

37 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Moisture damages

38 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Profile of water content in the whole construction (built up with 30mm foam glass, 4 th year) foam glass 30mmm brickwall 400mmm and 600mm

39 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Profile of water content in the whole construction (with 25 mm capillary active inside insulation, 4 th year) capillary active inside insulation 25 mmm brickwall 400mmm and 600mm

40 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam All profiles of relative humidity (top) and water content (below) during the 4 th year: 30 mm foam glass

41 Rijks Museum Amsterdam All profiles of relative humidity (prior page) and water content (top) during the 4 th year: 25 mm calcium silicate

42 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Existing construction (600 mm brick) Average heat flux (W/m²) U-value (W/m² K) Reduction of energy losses (%) - Foam glass 30 mm Calcium silicate 35 mm mm

43 window jamb Rijksmuseum Amsterdam

44 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Course of relative humidity window jamb Day 730 January 1st