Biopolymers for Fibers, Textiles, and beyond

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1 Biopolymers for Fibers, Textiles, and beyond Satish Kumar School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA

2 Fibers in 1900 Fibers Today Cotton Wool Silk Polyester, Nylon, Polypropylene, Polyethylene Aramids Carbon SiC Others World-wide synthetic fiber production is currently at ~100 billion lbs annually 2

3 A Low cost textile fibers containing biomaterials B High performance PAN/CNC based carbon fibers C Functional fibers based on polymer/cnc/nano-materials D High surface area carbon from lignin for supercapacitor, battery, catalysis 3

4 Thermally and electrically conducting polymeric fibers PEK/CNT Fibers Axial electrical conductivity 240 S/m Thermal conductivity as high as 17 W/m/K Density ~1.3 g/cm 3 Polymer, 51, (2010) Review of Scientific Instruments, 83, (2012) 4

5 PAN/CNT early developments At 10% CNT, 50 times increase in modulus at 140 o C, and 40 o C increase in Tg Individual CNT in PAN matrix 5 nm TV Sreekumar, T Liu, BG Min, H Guo, S Kumar, RH Hauge, RE Smalley, Advanced Materials, 16(1), 58 (2004). 5

6 Absorbance (a. u) Optical Properties of Polymer/CNT Films and Fibers Anisotropic Infra-red absorption in PAN/SWNT fiber van Hove transitions in SWNT dispersion and PVA/SWNT films d c b a Wavelength (nm) (a)pvp/sds/swnt aqueous dispersion (b)pva/pvp/sds/swnt film (1 wt% SWNT) (c)pva/pvp/sds/swnt film (5 wt%) (d)pva/swnt film (1 wt%) TV Sreekumar, T Liu, BG Min, H Guo, S Kumar, RH Hauge, RE Smalley, Advanced Materials, 16(1), 58 (2004). XF Zhang, T Liu, TV Sreekumar, S Kumar, VC Moore, RH Hauge, RE Smalley, Nano Lett, 3(9), 1285 (2003). 6

7 Multi-functional Fibers Light weight super-paramagnetic polymeric fibers (a) (b) We are processing polymeric fibers with super-paramagnetic properties and good mechanical properties. These fibers will also have microwave absorption capability. Potential applications: textiles, actuators, inductors etc. Polymer, 2014

T ( o C) Use of CNT in Polymers for heating applications T max ( o C) PAN/CNT

5 o C X 200 160 Estimated T max Experimental T max Y Temperature trace line 0.

966 0 μm 200 μm 400 μm 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Electrical Current ( A) The composite

8 T ( o C) Use of CNT in Polymers for heating applications T max ( o C) PAN/CNT composite fibers with 20wt% MWNT Voltage (V) μa 12.8 V T = 4.5 o C X Estimated T max Experimental T max Y Temperature trace line 0.5 mm X +4.5 Y T = I 2 R 2 = μm 200 μm 400 μm Electrical Current ( A) The composite fibers can be used as active heating materials or heating fabrics. A.C. Chien et al., Polymer,

9 Schematic description of fiber spinning system As spun fiber 9

Functional Fibers Using this approach functional fibers can also be

10 Functional Fibers Using this approach functional fibers can also be made using other nano materials introducing corresponding functionality in the sheath or in the core. A different nano material and hence a different functionality can be introduced in each component. Fibers, with three or more components and hence correspondingly more functionalities, can be made. These fibers can be made with diameters down to about 50 nm. 10

11 Opportunities Reduce cost of textiles and technical textile fibers by incorporating lignin without compromising properties and potentially even enhancing properties. Polymer/CNC fibers with with enhanced properties. Fibers containing CNC, lignin, CNT, magnetic particles, and other nano materials to impart added functionality..electrical, thermal, optical, magnetic,.. To use lignin to make high surface area low cost carbon for battery, supercapacitor, and catalysis application We are just beginning the fibers revolution 11

12 Messages From This Presentation [Satish Kumar] Possible applications of the insights/techniques/ findings/opportunities in this presentation A Low cost textile fibers containing biomaterials B High performance PAN/CNC based carbon fibers C Functional fibers based on polymer/cnc/nano-materials D High surface area carbon from lignin for supercapacitor, battery, catalysis Barriers and challenges to success A Specific processing conditions for given systems and required properties. B Develop markets for these new materials Additional research opportunities A Low cost - Process polymer/lignin (bi-component) low cost fibers B PAN/CNC fibers this work is currently underway at single filament scale, and can be scaled up to multi-filament scale C Specific nano materials can be used in conjunction with CNC to impart variety of functionalities to the fiber D. Develop technology for making high surface area carbon from lignin similar to what we have done from PAN

Carbon Fibers and Carbon Nanotube based Materials

Advanced Aerospace Materials: A Beyond The Next Workshop Carbon Fibers and Carbon Nanotube based Materials Satish Kumar School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta,