Alloy Selector Guide

Transcription

1 Alloy Selector Guide Revised 2013

2 Introduction The BEP Alloy Selector Guide presents ASTM Specifications in numerical order to facilitate quick reference and tentative material selection. It is impossible to cover each specification in detail. The following pages are brief descriptions of the salient features of each specification. ASTM specifications can be purchased from ASTM.org. BEP, Bradken Energy Products, consists of Bradken-Tacoma (formerly known as Atlas Foundry and Atlas Castings and Technology), Bradken Chehalis, and Bradken London (formerly known as AG Anderson). These facilities produce castings from a wide variation of materials, especially carbon steel, low alloy steel, stainless steel, and nickel base alloys. The London facility also produces some cast iron grades. This guide reflects requirements of the latest ASTM Standard: Volume 01.02, Ferrous Castings; Ferroalloys. This selector also includes other alloys not included in ASTM that are cast by Bradken-Tacoma, e.g. alloys for military and offshore applications. From engineering to the finished casting product, BEP helps to define and meet every casting requirement presented by its customers. Chehalis and London melt using induction furnaces. Tacoma melts metal using basic arc furnaces and AOD refining. Tacoma s AOD (Argon, Oxygen, and Decarburization) refining process creates clean metal that can have exceptional properties. Table of Contents Introduction... 1 Typical Footnotes and Nomenclature... 3 ASTM A27 Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application... 4 ASTM A148 Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes... 5 ASTM A216 Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service... 6 ASTM A217 Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service... 7 ASTM A297 - Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application... 8 ASTM A351 Castings; Austenitic for Pressure-Containing Parts... 9 ASTM A352 - Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for Low-Temperature Service ASTM A356 Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines ASTM A389 Steel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat-Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service13 ASTM A447 Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25Cr-12Ni Class), for High-Temperature Service ASTM A487 Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service Page 1

3 ASTM A494 Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy ASTM A743 Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application ASTM A744 Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service ASTM A747 Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation Hardening ASTM A757 Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, Pressure-Containing and Other Applications, for Low-Temperature Service. 22 ASTM A890 Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex (Austenitic/Ferritic) General Application. 23 ASTM A915 Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades ASTM A958 Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, Tensile and Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades ASTM A990 Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium, Nickel Alloys, Specially Controlled, Pressure Retaining Parts, Corrosive Service ASTM A995 Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing Parts ASTM A High Strength Castings in Heavy Sections Offshore, Military, NAVSEA, and Other Alloys, not listed under ASTM Specifications Metallurgical Tests NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATIONS (NDE) NDE TYPES NDE SPECIFICATIONS Hardness Conversions Austenitic Stainless Steel Hardness Conversions Duplex Stainless Steel Hardness Conversions CA6NM - Martensitic Stainless Steel Bradken Alloy Cross Reference Tables Bradken Alloy Data Sheets Page 2

4 Typical Footnotes and Nomenclature a) Indicated treatments are typical, other treatments may be applied to meet specific requirements. A = full anneal N = normalize T = temper Q = water quench C = as cast S = solution anneal PH = precipitation hardening FA = force air quench NT/QT = choice of NT or QT ~ = approximately equal to. b) Values are either required range or minimum. c) Not required by ASTM, values are typical at +70 F unless otherwise noted. d) Chemistry of Tacoma (internal) Alloy may be slightly modified from material type. The 3 and 4 digit numbers are AISI Grades. A list of trademarks is provided. e) A Manganese for Carbon substitution is allowed. See specific ASTM specification Table for Chemical Requirements. Page 3

5 ASTM A27 Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application These are the most commonly used grades of cast steel for general application. o Up to 70 ksi minimum tensile strength. o Excellent weldability and machinability. These materials can be supplied in the following heat treated condition: o Normalized, normalized and tempered, or quench and tempered. Chemical compositions have carbon, manganese, silicon, sulfur and phosphorous maximums. The purchaser must specify both the grade and class desired. The grade specifies tensile and chemical requirements and the class indicates the post weld heat treatment: (See ASTM A27 paragraph 9.2) Class 1: Casting must be post weld heat-treated and the welds to be heat-treated must be defined. Class 2: Post weld heat treatment is not required. ASTM A27- Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application Grade Tensile (ksi) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Typical Elong Red of Yield Hardnes in 2" Area (ksi) s (%) (%) HBW C Mn Si N-1 QT or NT Chemistry only (e) J , 725 N-2 QT or NT Chemistry only (e) J , 725 U Heat Treatment (a) No Quote As Cast Chemical Composition % - Maximum QT or NT (e) J QT or NT (e) J QT or NT (e) J Approx. Material Type Alloy Designation UNS Tacoma Alloy (d) Page 4

6 ASTM A148 Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes This specification is the most used specification in the low alloy group throughout the industry. Heat treatment methods are the option of the manufacturer. Mechanical properties are the prime criteria for these materials. Chemical composition limits are imposed on sulfur and phosphorus only. The alloy is chosen by the foundry for best compliance to the grade required. When the maximum thickness of the casting is >3 inches and will be Q+T, then a test block Tx3Tx3T is imposed up to a maximum of T=5 inches. ASTM A148 - Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structional Purposes Grade Heat Treatment (a) Tensile (ksi) Yield (ksi) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Elong Red. of Charpy in 2" Area V-Notch (%) (%) (ft lbf/ F) Typical Hardness BHW Alloy Designation Tacoma Alloy (d) QT or NT *831* QT or NT *831* QT *831* *Tacoma alloy 820 is typically used for these grades for QT up to 4 inches in wall thickness. Atlas alloy *831* is typically used for thickness exceeding 4 inches QT *831* QT *831* QT *831* QT QT Chemical Composition % - Maximum Chemical Composition % Range or Maximum QT L QT / QT L QT / These alloys are best for smaller thinner castings (<500lb). The chemistry selected for these grades is dependent on the casting configuration and size. Chemistry may be selected by the foundry or, by agreement, may be prescribed by the purchaser. These grades are very hard, crack prone, and difficult to weld and machine. Note the low elongation values specified QT L QT / Page 5

7 ASTM A216 Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service Carbon steel castings are typically used for fittings, pumps, valves, flanges or other pressure-containing parts for high-temperature service. All three grades have excellent machinability and weldability. Repairs by welding shall be made using procedures and welders qualified under ASTM A488 or in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. Supplemental requirement, S11, may be imposed for maximum carbon equivalent to control weldability. Supplementary requirement, S15, allows a water quench and temper heat treatment when specified by the user. When Charpy V-notch impact toughness is required, water quench and temper will be invoked. Supplementary requirement, S16, is for Hydrofluoric acid service. This limits residual elements to very low levels. For this requirement select Tacoma Alloy 711. ASTM A216 - Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum Alloy Designation Grade (PW) Heat Treatment (a) Tensile (ksi) Yield (ksi) Elong in 2" (%) Red of Area (%) Charpy V-Notch (ft-lb/ºf) Typical Hardness HBW C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo WCA NT (e) J , 725 WCB NT (e) J WCB NT (e) J WCB QT per S S15 for CVN Approx. Material Type UNS Tacoma Alloy (d) (e) J , 716 WCC NT (e) J WCC QT per S S15 for CVN (e) J , 717 Page 6

8 ASTM A217 Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service These materials are used for turbines, compressors, valves, flanges, fittings and other pressure containing parts for relatively high temperatures and mildly corrosive media. Heat treatment and chemical composition are rigidly prescribed. All grades are readily weldable and machinable, when proper techniques are followed. Major repair welds require a thermal stress relief or re-heat treatment. Repairs by welding shall be made using procedures and welders qualified under ASTM A488 or in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. ASTM A217 - Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service Grade Heat Treatment (a) Tensile (ksi) Mechanical Property Requirements Min. Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum Alloy Designation Typical Elong Red of Approx. Tacoma Yield Hardnes in 2" Area C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Other Material UNS Alloy (ksi) s (%) (%) Type (d) HBW WC1 NT J WC4 NT J12082 WC5 NT J22000 WC6 NT /4 Cr 1/2 Mo J WC9 NT /4 Cr 1Mo J WC11 NT J C5 NT Cr J C12 NT Cr J C12A NT N V P91, F91 J CA-15 NT J Page 7

9 ASTM A297 - Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application Tacoma Alloy 936 is a heat resistant alloy that has proven to be an excellent material for die molds. 936 is a proprietary to Tacoma. (See Alloy 936 Data Sheet on page 53). The heat resistant grades have relatively high carbon content. Bradken-London makes these grades, Tacoma does not. They are for section thicknesses less than 3 inches. Thicker sections will have a propensity to crack. All grades have either relatively high or very high chromium and/or nickel contents. Castings for heat-resistant service may be shipped in the as-cast condition without heat treatment. If heat treatment is required, it shall be established by mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser and shall be so specified in the inquiry, contract, or order. ASTM A297 - Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application Grade Heat Treatment (a) Tensile (ksi) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum Alloy Designation Elong Typical Approx. Tacoma Yield in 2" Hardness C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Material UNS Alloy (ksi) (%) HBW Type (d) HF C B J92603 HH C J93503 HI C J94003 HK C J94224 HE C J93403 HT C N08605 HU C N08004 HW C N08001 HX C N06006 HC C J92605 HD C J93005 HL C N08604 HN C J94213 HP C N08705 HG10 MNN C CT15C C J92604 Page 8

10 ASTM A351 Castings; Austenitic for Pressure-Containing Parts This specification covers austenitic and austenitic-ferritic (duplex) steel castings designed for use in pumps, valves, fittings, flanges and other pressure-containing parts intended for high-temperature and/or corrosive service. Many of the grades carry the same alloy designations as those listed under Specification ASTM A743 and A744: Corrosion Resistant Castings, and contain the same basic chemistry. Repairs by welding shall be made using procedures and welders qualified under ASTM A488 or in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. Grades CE20N, CF3A, CF3MA and CF8A are not recommended for service at temperatures above 800 F [425 C]. The duplex grades have been removed from this specification. See A995. The HK, HT, and CT 15 C grades are normally furnished as-cast without heat treatment. All other grades are furnished in the solution-annealed condition. When austenitic steel castings are to be used in services where they will be subject to stress corrosion, the purchaser should so indicate in his order. Such castings should be solution-heat treated following all repair welds. ASTM A351 - Castings; Austenitic for Pressure Containing Parts Grade Heat Treatment (a) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Elong Typical Tensile Yield in 2" Hardness (ksi) (ksi) (%) HBW Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Other CF3 Q J CF3A Q J CF8 Q J CF8A Q J CF3M Q L J CF3MA Q J mod CF8M Q J CF3MN Q N LN J CF8C Q Cb (A) 347 J CF10 Q J mod Approx. Material Type Alloy Designation UNS Tacoma Alloy (d) Page 9

11 ASTM A351 - Castings; Austenitic for Pressure Containing Parts Continued Grade Heat Treatment (a) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Elong Typical Tensile Yield in 2" Hardness (ksi) (ksi) (%) HBW Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Other CF10M Q J Approx. Material Type CH8 Q J93400 CH10 Q S J CH20 Q J CK20 Q J HK30 C J94203 London HK40 C J94204 London HT30 C N08030 London CF10MC Q Cb (B) J92971 CN7M Q Cu 3-4 Alloy 20 N CN3MN Q CE8MN Q N.1-.3 N Cu.75 UNS Tacoma Alloy (d) AL-6XN J CG8M Q J CK3MCuN Q CG6MMN Q N Cu.5-1 Cb.1-.3 V SMO J Nitronic 50 J93790 CF10SMnN Q N Nitronic 60 J CT15C C Cb Incoloy 800 J95000 CE20N Q N HF Modified Alloy Designation CG3M Q L J CG8M Q J Page 10

12 ASTM A352 - Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for Low- Temperature Service These alloys are for pressure-containing or dynamically loaded parts in low temperature service where impact properties are of prime consideration. All grades are readily weldable and machinable, using proper techniques and welding procedures. Typical applications are pumps, valves, flanges, fittings, which may be used in service temperatures to as low as minus 175 F [-115 C]. Repairs by welding shall be made using procedures and welders qualified under ASTM A488 or in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. ASTM A352 - Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure Containing Parts, Suitable for Low Temperature Service Grade Heat Treatment (a) Tensile (ksi) Mechanical Property Minimum or Range Elong in 2" Red of Charpy Area V-Notch (%) (%) (ft-b/ F) Yield (ksi) Typical Hardness HBW Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo LCA QT / (e) J LCB QT / (e) J LCC QT / (e) J LC1 QT / J LC2 QT / J LC2-1 QT / HY-80 J LC3 QT / J LC4 QT / J Approx. Material Type Alloy Designation LC9 QT / Ni Steel J31300 CA6NM NT / J UNS Tacoma Alloy (d) Page 11

13 ASTM A356 Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines These alloys are designed for use in heavy-wall castings for steam turbine applications. Chemical compositions and heat treating parameters are quite restrictive. These grades may be subjected to microstructural requirements, as agreed between purchaser and manufacturer. The specification lists minimum preheat temperatures for repair welding. ASTM A356 - Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines Grade Heat Treatment (a) Tensile (ksi) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Elong Red of Typical Yield in 2" Area Hardnes (ksi) (%) (%) s HBW Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum C Mn Si Cr Mo Other Approx. Material Type 1 NT (e) J NT (e) J NT (e) J NT /4 Cr 1/2 Mo UNS Tacoma Alloy (d) J , NT V J NT V J NT CA6NM NT Ni J /4 Cr 1Mo Alloy Designation J , 852, 854 Page 12

14 ASTM A389 Steel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat-Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service The two grades covered by this specification represent materials that are generally suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought steel parts by fusion welding. Typical applications include valves, flanges, fittings and other pressure-containing parts. The use of chromium, molybdenum and vanadium results in a need to preheat for welding. Repairs by welding shall be made using procedures and welders qualified under ASTM A488 or in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. ASTM A389 - Steel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat-Treated, for Pressure Containing Parts, Suitable for High Temperature Service Grade Heat Treatment (a) Tensile (ksi) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Typical Elong Red of Yield Hardnes in 2" Area (ksi) s (%) (%) BHW C23 NT C24 NT Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum C Mn Si Cr Mo V Approx. Material Type Alloy Designation UNS Tacoma Alloy (d) J12080 ~ J12092 ~ 848 ASTM A447 Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25Cr-12Ni Class), for High-Temperature Service This specification covers iron-base chrome-nickel heat resistant castings used for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications in temperatures up to 2000 F [1093 C]. The user should inform the producer when the service temperature will exceed 1800 F (980 C) Type I and II vary in their magnetic permeability requirements Type I Alloys are characterized by relatively low creep stress between 1500 F 2000 F (815 C 1095 C) and high ductility at ambient temperature after aging for short periods between 1300 F F (705 C 815 C). Type II alloys have relatively high limiting creep stress, but may develop low ductility at ambient temperature when periods between 1350 F F (730 C 815 C). These alloys are poured at the London Ontario foundry only. ASTM A447 - Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service. Produced in London. Grade (PW) Heat Treatment (a) Tensile (ksi) Mech. Prop. Req. (b) Elong Typical in 2" Hardness (%) BHW Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum C Mn Si Cr Ni Nitrogen Type I C J93303 London Type II C J93303 London Approx. Material Type Alloy Designation UNS London Alloy (d) Page 13

15 ASTM A487 Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service This specification covers low alloy steels and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered condition, suitable for pressure-containing parts. The weldability of the classes in this specification varies from readily weldable to weldable only with adequate precautions. Chemical compositions are highly restrictive. Charpy impact values may become a part of the requirements when so specified in the procurement documents. Repairs by welding shall be made using procedures and welders qualified under ASTM A488 or in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. CA6NM appears as two classes: A and B. o CA6NM Class B is designed to meet softer NACE hardness requirements (see Table 3 near the end of this document). When ordering Class B the customer should specify a 0.03% carbon maximum. This will ensure that they receive a chemistry that is able to meet the low NACE hardness. CA6NM is preferred over CA15. ASTM A487 - Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service Grade Class Tensile (ksi) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum Alloy Designation Elong Red of Approx. Tacoma Yield HBW in 2" Area C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Material UNS Alloy (ksi) Max (%) % Type (d) A NT B CA C D CA6NM A NT CA6NM B Heat Treatmen t (a) N + Double T typical Page 14

16 ASTM - A487 Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service - Continued Grade Class Heat Treatmen t (a) Tensile (ksi) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum Alloy Designation Elong Red of Approx. Yield HBW in 2" Area C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Other Material UNS (ksi) Max (%) (%) Type 1 A NT V J B QT V J C NT or QT V J A NT J B QT J C NT or QT J A NT or QT J , B QT J , C NT or QT J , D QT J , E QT J , A NT J B QT J A QT J A NT J mod. 8 B QT J mod. 8 C QT J mod. 9 A NT or QT J B QT J C NT or QT J D QT J E QT J A NT J23015 ~841, B QT J23015 ~841, A NT J B QT J A NT J B QT J A NT w/o V J B QT w/o V J A NT J31200 Page 15 Tacoma Alloy (d)

17 ASTM A494 Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy This specification covers nickel, nickel-copper, nickel-copper-silicon, nickel-molybdenum, nickel-chromium and nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy castings for corrosion-resistant service. Some grades may not be repair welded. Some grades may require a post weld heat treatment after major repair welds. o If this is required, then specify Class 1. o If post weld heat treatment is not required, then specify Class 2, along with the grade. London and Chehalis make most of these grades. Some grades are not available as sand castings. See table below. Tacoma makes CW6MC (Inconel 625) and M35-1 (Monel) using the AOD. Minimum heat size is 12,000 lb. ASTM A494 Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy Grade Nickel - Molybdenum Heat Treatment (a) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Elong Typical Tensile Yield in 2" Hardness ksi ksi % HBW C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo NB Other CY-40 Q < balance CW-6M Q < balance CW-2M Q < balance CW-6MC Q < balance CU5MCuC Q < ASTM A494 - Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy Grade Nickel & Nickel Copper Heat Treatment (a) Tensile ksi Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Elong Typical Yield in 2" Hardness ksi % HBW Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum Fe 11.0 max. Fe 3.0 max. Fe 2.0 max. Fe 5.0 max. Approx. Material Type (d) UNS Tacoma Alloy (d) Inconel 600 N Chlorimet 3 N Hastelloy C4C Alloy Designation N Inconel 625 N Cu Incoloy 825 N Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum C Mn Si Cr Ni Cu NB Other Approx. Material Type (d) Alloy Designation CZ-100 C < min 1.25 Fe 3.0 max 210 N UNS Tacoma Alloy M35-1 C < balance Fe 3.5 Max Monel QQ-N-268-A N M35-2 C < balance Fe 3.5 Max Monel 410 N M30-H C balance Fe 3.5 Max QQ-N-288-B N24030 M25S C 300 min age balance Fe 3.5 Max QQ-N-288-D N24025 M30C C < balance Fe 3.5 Max QQ-N-288-D NB Monel 411 N Page 16

18 Unavailable grades from ASTM A494 Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy - Not Available Grade Heat Treatment (a) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Elong Tensile Yield in 2" ksi ksi % C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo W V Other CX2MW Q balance Fe 2-6 CW-12MW Q Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum CY5SnBiM C balance Approx. Material Type (d) Hastelloy C- 22 UNS N26022 balance Fe Hastelloy C N30002 Fe 2.0 max. Bi 3- N-12MV Q balance Fe 4-6 Hastelloy B N30012 N-7M Q balance Fe 3.0 max. Alloy Designation N26055 Chlorimet 2 N30007 Tacoma Alloy (d) Not available Due to high W content Not Available due to high W & V content Not Available due to high Bi & Sn content Not Available in thicknesses over 3" Not Available in thicknesses over 3" ASTM A743 Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application This specification covers stainless steel castings suitable for a broad range of applications intended for a wide variety of corrosive environments. When the application requires stainless steel for severe corrosion resistant service, reference should be made to specification A744. The proper balance of chemical composition is very important to the performance of these alloys. Cast austenitic stainless steel is weldable because it contains at least 5% ferrite. It is recommended that the producer be fully aware of the intended use of the material so that he may verify the suitability of the alloy specified, e.g. saltwater applications are best addressed with duplex stainless steel instead of austenitic stainless steel. It is important that the producer be aware of the weldability requirements for these materials, as well as those cases in severe corrosive environments. Both CA15 and CA6NM are martensitic alloys, however CA6NM has superior castability, weldability, toughness, and resistance to cracking and cavitation than the CA15 grade. Tacoma prefers CA6NM over CA15. Castings made from CA6NM have found widespread use in many pumping applications. In general, most of these alloys have welding characteristics ranging from fair to excellent. The use of carefully engineered welding procedures, proper electrodes, and qualified welding operators is very important to the successful function of the welded parts. In particular, this is true where corrosive media are concerned, since stress corrosion or porosity caused by improper welds can lead to accelerated corrosion attack. There are supplementary requirements that may be specified when desired by the purchaser including: Page 17

19 o o o o o Corrosion and hardness tests Supplements S11, S14 Nondestructive examination Supplements S1, S2, S3, S4 Low Ferrite in CF8 Supplement S15 Tension Test Supplement S12 Approval of Major Weld Repair, PWHT of Majors Supplements S11, S13 ASTM A743 - Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application Grade Heat Treatment (a) Tensile (ksi) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Typical Elong Red of Yield Hardnes in 2" Area (ksi) s (%) % HBW Page 18 Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Other Approx. Material Type CF8 Q 70(A) 30(A) J CG12 Q J93001 CF20 Q J92602 CF8M Q J CF8C Q (B) 347 J CF16F Q Se J92701 CF16Fa Q S CH10 Q L J CH20 Q J93402 Hi C 930 CK20 Q J CE30 Q/FA J CA15 NT Max J CA15M NT Max J CB30 NT Max J91803 CC50 NT Max J92615 CA40 NT J CA40F NT S F J91154 CF3 Q L J CF10SMnN Q N Nitronic 60 J (A) = Grade CF8: for low ferrite or nonmagnetic castings: tensile strength minimum is 65 ksi and yield point minimum is 28 ksi. (B) = Grade CF8C shall have a columbium content of not less than eight times the carbon content and not more than 1.0%. If a columbium-plus-tantalum alloy in the approximate Cb: Ta ratio of 3:1 is used for stabilizing this grade, the total Cb-plus-Ta content shall not be less than nine times the carbon content and not exceed 1.1%. Alloy Designation UNS Tacoma Alloy (d)

20 ASTM A743 - Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application - Continued Grade Heat Treatment (a) Tensile (ksi) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Typical Elong Red of Yield Hardnes in 2" Area (ksi) s (%) (%) HBW Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Other CG3M Q L J CG8M Q J CN3M Q IN-862 J CN3MN Q N S.01 Cu.75 Approx. Material Type UNS Tacoma Alloy (d) AL-6XN J CN7M Q Cu 3-4 Alloy 20 N CN7MS Q Cu Worthite J94650 CA6NM NT J CA6N NT IN-833 J91650 CA28MWV NT CK3MCuN Q CK35MN Q W V.2-.3 Cu N S.01 N Cu J SMO J CB6 FA & T Virgo 38 J91804 CF3M Q L J CF3MN Q N LN J CG6MMN Q Cb.1-.3 V.1-.3 N.2-.4 Alloy Designation Nitronic 50 J Page 19

21 ASTM A744 Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service This specification covers stainless steel alloys that are intended for particularly demanding applications in more severe corrosion environments that may be intended for A743 grades. Post weld heat treatments are of prime importance to ensure the best corrosion resistant condition for severe service. There are supplementary requirements that may be specified when desired by the purchaser including: o NDT Supplement S2, S3 o Corrosion Supplement S21 o Tension Test Supplement S22 o Surface Carbone Analysis Supplement S23 ASTM A744 - Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Residant for Severe Service Grade Heat Treatment (a) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Elong Typical Tensile Yield in 2" Hardness (ksi) (ksi) (%) BHW Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Other (A) = Grade CF8: for low ferrite or nonmagnetic castings: tensile strength minimum is 65 ksi and yield point minimum is 28 ksi. (B) = Grade CF8C shall have a columbium content of not less than eight times the carbon content and not more than 1.0%. Approx. Material Type Alloy Designation CF8 Q 70(A) 30(A) J CF8M Q J CF8C Q (B) 347 J CF3 Q L J CF3M Q L J CG3M Q L J CG8M Q J CN7M Q Cu 3-4 Alloy 20 N CN7MS Q Cu Worthite J94650 CN3MN Q N AL-6XN J CK3MCuN Q N.1 254SMO J CN3MCu Q Cu J80020 UNS Tacoma Alloy (d) Page 20

22 ASTM A747 Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation Hardening Castings made under this specification are similar to the wrought precipitation hardening grades 15-5 PH and 17-4 PH. These castings may be used in services requiring corrosion resistance and high strengths at temperatures up to 600 F, [315 C]. They may be machined in the solution-annealed condition and subsequently precipitation hardened to the desired high-strength mechanical properties, which depend upon the precipitation temperature used. This material is not intended for use in the solution-annealed condition. Time and temperature during heat treatment is very specific, along with the heat treatment condition of the casting prior to and after welding. When ordering this material, both the alloy type and precipitation hardening heat treatment condition must be specified on the purchase order. ASTM A747-Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation Hardening Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum Alloy Designation Heat Grade Elong Typical Approx. Tacoma Treatment Tensile Yield Condition in 2" Hardness C Mn Si Cr Ni Cu N Other Material UNS Alloy (a) ksi (ksi) % BHN Type (d) (d) CB7Cu-1 H900 S Min (A) Cb PH J CB7Cu-1 H925 S Min (A) Cb PH J CB7Cu-1 H1025 S Min (A) Cb PH J CB7Cu-1 H1075 S Min (A) Cb PH J CB7Cu-1 H1100 S Min (A) Cb PH J CB7Cu-1 H1150 S Min (A) Cb PH J CB7Cu-1 H1150M S 310 Max (A) Cb PH J CB7Cu-1 H1150DBL S 310 Max (A) Cb PH J CB7Cu-2 H900 S Min (A) Cb PH J92110 CB7Cu-2 H925 S Min (A) Cb PH J CB7Cu-2 H1025 S Min (A) Cb PH J CB7Cu-2 H1075 S Min (A) Cb PH J CB7Cu-2 H1100 S Min (A) Cb PH J CB7Cu-2 H1150 S Min (A) Cb PH J CB7Cu-2 H1150M S 310 Max (A) Cb PH J CB7Cu-2 H1150DBL S 310 Max (A) Cb PH J (A)=Nitrogen content to be determined and reported when specified by the order or contract at 0.05% maximum. Page 21

23 ASTM A757 Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing and Other Applications, for Low-Temperature Service This specification covers carbon and alloy steel castings for pressure containing and other applications intended primarily for petroleum and gas pipelines in areas subject to low-ambient temperatures. Castings shall be heat treated by normalizing and tempering or liquid quenching and tempering. Hardenability of some grades may limit usable section size. All classes are weldable under proper conditions. Charpy V-notch tests are required at temperatures ranging from -50 F to -175 F [-46 C to -115 C], depending on the grade chosen. Impact properties are required on both the heat-affected zone of the base metal and the weld metal of the welding procedure qualification test. Test bar size varies, dependent upon customer requirements and casting section thickness. Repairs by welding shall be made using procedures and welders qualified under ASTM A488 or in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. Typical grades are A1Q and E3N, which are similar to ASTM A352 grade LCB and ASTM A743 grade CA6NM, respectively. ASTM A757- Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing and Other Low Temperature Service Applications Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Chemical Composition % - Range or Max. Heat Elong Red of Charpy Typical Approx. Grade Treatment Tensile Yield in 2" Area V-Notch Hardness C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Material (a) (ksi) (ksi) (%) (%) (ft lbf/ F) HBW Type Alloy Designation A1Q QT / J A2Q QT / (e) J B2N, B2Q NT/QT / LC2 J B3N,B3Q NT/QT / LC3 J B4N, B4Q NT/QT / LC4 J C1Q QT / J D1N1, D1Q1 NT/QT (A) WC9 J D1N2, D1Q2 NT/QT (A) WC9 J D1N3, D1Q3 NT/QT (A) WC9 J E1Q QT / HY-65 J E2N1 E2Q1 NT/QT / HY-70 J E2N2, E2Q2 NT/QT / HY-80 J E2N3, E2Q3 NT/QT / HY-100 J UNS Tacoma Alloy (d) E3N NT / CA6NM J Page 22

24 ASTM A890 Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex (Austenitic/Ferritic) for General Application The duplex stainless steel alloys offer a combination of enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance when properly balanced in composition and properly heat-treated. Ferrite levels are not specified. o Typical ferrite content is 35 to 65 percent with the balance austenite. The composition of the deposited weld metal for repair welding may be similar to that of the casting or may be suitably alloyed to achieve the desired corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Nitrogen enhances resistance to corrosion, weldability, strength, castability, and processing. Nitrogen is required in all of the grades. Grade 1B, CD4MCuN, has a nitrogen content of %. The old 1A had no nitrogen range. 1A and CD4MCu were deleted from this specification because duplex stainless steel requires nitrogen. 1C, 5A and 6A also impose chemistry restrictions, which include elements that enhance corrosion resistance. Grades with a PREN value of 40 or greater fall under the category of Super Duplex stainless steel. PREN stands for pitting resistance number. The number is debatably an indicator of pitting resistance. Such controversy has prompted ASTM to indicate it is an equation without mention of pitting resistance. PREN = %Cr + 3.3% Mo + 16%N > 40. ASTM A890 - Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex (Austenitic/Ferritic) for General Application Grade Heat Treatment (a) Tensile ksi Mechanical Property Req. (b) Elong Yield in 2" ksi % PRE (P) Typical/ Minimum 1B Q C Q > A Q A Q A Q A Q > A Q > Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Cu Nitrogen Other Alloy Designation Approx. Material Type (d) UNS Tacoma Alloy (d) P, S CD4MCuN (W) J P, S CD3MCuN J P, S CE8MN J P, S CD6MN J CD3MN P, S (W) J CE3MN P, S (W) J P, S W CD3MW CuN J Page 23

25 ASTM A915 Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades This specification covers carbon and low alloy steel castings having chemical analyses similar to that of the AISI standard wrought grades. The chemistry varies slightly from the wrought AISI limits to accommodate the casting process without detriment to the material properties. This specification only shows chemical requirements. The purchaser must specify the choice of heat treatment or hardness range or mechanical properties if required. o A list of supplementary requirements is included in the specification to assist the purchaser. o Use A958 if mechanical properties are required for the same grades that are listed in A915. ASTM A Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, Chemical Requirments Similar to Standard Wrought Grades. (A) Grade Heat Treatment (a) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Elong Yield in 2" (ksi) (%) Tensile (ksi) Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum Red of Area (%) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Approx. Material Type (d) Alloy Designation UNS Tacoma Alloy SC 1020 AN NT/QT J (B) SC 1025 AN NT/QT J (B) SC 1030 AN NT/QT J SC 1040 AN NT/QT J SC 1045 AN NT/QT J SC 4130 AN NT/QT J SC 4140 AN NT/QT J SC 4330 AN NT/QT J23259 SC 4340 AN NT/QT J24053 SC 8620 AN NT/QT J SC 8625 AN NT/QT J (B) SC 8630 AN NT/QT J (A) = If mechanical properties are required, use ASTM A958. Page 24

26 ASTM A958 Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, with Tensile Requirements, Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades This specification covers carbon and low alloy steel castings having chemical analyses similar to that of the A151 standard wrought grades. The wrought grade would have lower silicon content. When selecting the material, it is necessary to select both a grade and class of steel. o The grade designates the chemical composition o The class designates the tensile requirements. Included in the specification, is a table showing tensile requirements/grade suitability to assist the user in selection of a grade that will be suitable to achieve the desired tensile properties. ASTM A958 - Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, with Tensile Requirments, Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades Grade Heat Treatment (a) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) Elong Red of Tensile Yield in 2" Area (ksi) (ksi) (%) (%) SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum Approx. Material Type Alloy Designation UNS Tacoma Alloy (d) J J J J J J J J J J J J Page 25

27 A958 Class / Strength A958 Tensile Requirements Class 65/35 70/36 80/40 80/50 90/60 105/85 115/95 130/ / / / / /180 Tensile min. (ksi) Yield min. (ksi) El in 2in. min, (%) Reduction of area, min, (%) Guidelines for Grade and Class A958 Tensile Requirements/Grade Suitability Grade Class 65/35 70/36 80/40 80/50 90/60 105/85 115/95 130/ / / / / /180 SC 1020 B B SC 1025 B B SC 1030 B B B B SC 1040 B, C B B B B SC 1045 B, C B, C B B B B B SC 4130 B, C B, C B B B B B B B B SC 4140 B, C B, C B, C B, C B B B B B B B B SC 4330 B, C B, C B, C B, C B B B B B B B B B SC 4340 B, C B, C B, C B, C B, C B B B B B B B B SC 8620 B, C B, C B B B B B SC 8625 B, C B, C B B B B B B B SC 8630 B, C B, C B B B B B B B B B Denotes that the properties may be achieved by at least one of the heat treatments referenced in Section 5 of A958. C These grades significantly exceed the minimum strength levels; Page 26

28 ASTM A990 Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Specially Controlled for Pressure Retaining Parts for Corrosive Service This specification covers iron-nickel-chromium and nickel alloy castings specially processed with the following requirements: o Restricted melt practices. o Weldability testing of specially cast test coupon (per heat). o Nondestructive examination (NDE). These alloy grades possess varying degrees of suitability for service in corrosive environments. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished. ASTM A990 - Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Specially Controlled for Pressure Retaining Parts for Corrosive Service Grade Heat Treatment (a) Mechanical Property Req. (b) Elong Tensile Yield in 2" (ksi) (ksi) (%) CW2M Q CN3MCu Q CK3MCuN Q Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Fe Max Cu Other Approx. Material Type UNS Tacoma Alloy (d) balance W 1.0 N balance balance J SMO M35-1 C balance Monel 510 CW2MC Q balance 8-10 N2M Q balance Fe 5.0 max. V 0.2 W 0.2 V 0.2 Inconel 625, N26625 Alloy Designation Not Available Page 27

29 ASTM A995 Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing Parts This specification covers austenitic-ferritic (duplex) stainless steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. These offer a combination of enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance when properly balanced in composition and properly heat-treated. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished. ASTM A995 - Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing Parts Mechanical Property Req. (b) PREN Chemical Composition % - Range or Maximum Alloy Designation Heat Treatment (a) in 2" Typical Min C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Cu W Nitrogen Material UNS Alloy Elong Approx. Tacoma Grade Tensile Yield (ksi) (ksi) (%) Type (d) 1B Q CD4MCuN J A Q CE8MN J A Q CD6MN J A Q CD3MN J A Q CE3MN J A Q J CD3MWCuN PREN = Pitting Resistance Equivalent = %Cr x %Mo + 16 x %N - (W) = Werkstoff Number of Federal Republic of Germany Page 28

30 ASTM A High Strength Castings in Heavy Sections This specification covers cast alloy steels in: o Normalized and tempered or quenched condition. o Section sizes through 37 inches (940 mm). This specification is primarily used for very large hook castings. o This specification is suitable for high strain gradient conditions such as those encountered in hooks, shackles, support frames, and other lifting devices. Section range and class selection will depend on design and service conditions. Users should note that this specification contemplates mechanical property gradients. o Specification also includes Nitrogen and Oxygen limits. ASTM A Chemical Grade Composition (maximum % unless range is shown) Grade C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Al Residual elements reported for information only. Total: 60% Zr Cu Ti W V B I Use of other chemisty is permitted procided mechanical properties and chemical tolerances are met. II (inf) (inf) (inf) (inf) (inf) (inf) II (inf) (inf) (inf) (inf) (inf) (inf) inf = information only Page 29

31 ASTM A High Strength Steel Castings in Heavy Sections Section Range Class Chemisty Grade Required Mechanical Properties (b) (TB) Gas Content Tensile (ksi) Yield (ksi) Elong 2 in. or 4d (%) Red. Of Area (%) Charpy V, (ft-lb) Maximum T/8 3T/8 T/8 3T/8 T/8 3T/8 T/8 3T/8 T/8 3T/8 (TB) = Test block requirements are special (large!) for this specification read specification carefully. 4d = Gauge length of the tensile test specimen equal to four times its diameter. Page 30 Nitrogen (ppm) 1 A I, II B I C I A I B I C I A I, II B I C I Oxygen (ppm) 4 A I, II x 4 B I x 4 C I x 5 A I, II x 5 B I x 5 C I x 6 A I x 6 B I x 6 C I x 7 A I x 7 B I x 7 C I x Report Hydrogen (ppm) info.

32 Offshore, Military, NAVSEA, and Other Alloys, not listed under ASTM Specifications Tacoma, Chehalis and London produce other alloys that are not listed under ASTM specifications which include: o Low and medium plain carbon steels. o High hardness and high strength low alloy steels. o Specialty stainless steels. o Nickel base alloys. Depending on the properties desired for the stainless steels, these may include: o Low ferrite and low magnetic permeability. o Non-magnetic materials. o Low carbon for improved weldability. o Increased yield strength. o Good resistance to carburization and corrosion. o High temperature applications. Our metallurgical staff is constantly working with new alloys to meet the demands of industry. Although you may not find a particular grade in this selector, we urge you to contact a representative who can help with the grade desired. Page 31

33 MATERIAL TYPE Tacoma alloy may be slightly varied from the wrought material listed below Other NICKEL BASE ALLOYS also produced by Tacoma. Chemical Composition % Range or Maximum Cu C Mn Si Mo Cr Ni Cb+Ta Fe W Co Inconel 600 MIL-N-24271, resistant to corrosion and heat balance Hastelloy G Excellent resistance to hot sulfuric and phosphoric acids balance Hastelloy X High temperature service balance Invar 36 Low thermal expansion material balance Invar 42 Low thermal expansion material balance Tacoma Alloy (d) Page 32

34 Metallurgical Tests Bradken-Tacoma, Chehalis and London (Ontario) perform various metallurgical tests for checking attributes of cast materials. Optical Emission Spectrometer for Iron (gray and ductile), Ni resist, High Chromium Iron, low carbon steel, alloy steel, Stainless steel, and nickel based analysis LECO combustion analysis of Carbon and Sulfur LECO combustion analysis of Nitrogen, and Oxygen Tension Test o ASTM E8 / E8M Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials Charpy Impact Testing per o ASTM E23 Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials Corrosion Tests; o ASTM A923, A262, G48 Ferrite Content; o ASTM A800, A799, ferrite scope, and E562 (Point count) Hardness Tests o E110 (portable hardness testing), E10 (Brinell) Magnetic Permeability o Severn gauge Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature (NDTT) o ASTM E208 Standard Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels Metallographic Examinations o ASTM E407 Standard Practice for Micro etching Metals and Alloys Bend Tests per o ASTM A703, A262 practice E, and for weld test qualifications Page 33

35 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATIONS (NDE) Bradken Energy Products has developed a well-equipped on-site NDE Department staffed with fully qualified NDE specialists to perform virtually any examination or test required of a casting. Although the customer determines the type of NDE performed on castings, BEP engineering and technical personnel are available to help in making a decision on the type of NDE suitable for the casting in question. Tacoma is ASNT Qualified and maintains a ASNT Level III on staff. The following brief descriptions of NDE conducted by BEP Tacoma, Chehalis, or London provide general information on techniques used at BEP foundries. More detailed information is available by contacting a BEP Sales Representative. NDE TYPES Magnetic Particle Examination Magnetic particle examination is performed on ferromagnetic materials with calibrated equipment according to ASME Section III, V and VIII, ASTM E-709 and MIL STD 271, using both the dry and wet methods. Liquid Penetrant Examination Certified liquid penetrant materials are applied to nonmagnetic castings, which have been surface conditioned to aid the examination. Carefully controlled water temperature and pressure, casting temperature and dwell time help ensure compliance with such specifications as ASME Section III, V and VIII, ASTM E-165, NAVSEA , MIL STD 2132A(SH), MIL STD 271. Tacoma prefers the water soluble method. Radiographic Examination Radiography, using Iridium 192, Cobalt 60 and an 8 MeV Linear Accelerator, is carried out following ASTM specifications E94, E142, ASME Section III, V and VIII, NAVSEA , MIL STD 2132A(SH) and MIL STD 271. Film is processed in automatic processing equipment, densities verified using calibrated densitometers and then viewed using high intensity viewers. ASTM E71, E186, E192, E272, E280 and E446 reference radiographs are available for film interpretation purposes. Ultrasonic Examination Examinations are performed to detailed procedures written in accordance with ASTM A609 and ASME Section III, V and MIL STD 271. Ultrasonic equipment is calibrated in strict accordance with ASTM E317 and MIL STD 271. Page 34

36 NDE SPECIFICATIONS The table below summarizes the most commonly used specifications for non-destructive examination. o This is, however, only a small fraction of the total number of specifications that have been developed for the nondestructive examination of various types of metal products. It is incumbent on the foundry to have adequate knowledge of these many specifications, as well as to have the necessary equipment and properly trained personnel to perform the tests. It is equally incumbent on the manufacturer to properly communicate his requirements and to neither over-specify nor under-specify such requirements as they may apply to a particular part. Publishing Agency General Welding Surface Finish Personel Qualification Radiography Examination Mag Particle Examination Liq Penetrant Examination ULTRASONIC INSPECT. Quality Level Technique Quality Level Technique Quality Level Technique Quality Level Technique American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) American Society for Non dest. Test (ASNT) Individual Specs A488 E446 (to 2") E186 (2-4j") E280 (4j"+) E94, E1025 and E1030 E125 A903 E709 E125 A903 E165 A609 A609 American Society of Mech. Engineers Sec. III Sec. VIII Sec. IX SNT-TCIA Sec. III Sec. VIII Sec. V Art. 2 & 3 Sec. III Sec. VIII Sec. V Art. 7 Sec. III Sec. VIII Sec. V Art. 6 Sec. III Sec. VIII Sec. V Art. 23 American Welding Society (AWS) Department of Defense (MIL-STD) (DOD) U.S. Navy (Navships) Manufacturer s Stand-ardization Soc. (MSS) Sec. V Art. 1 D , C SP SP54 SP53 SP93 SP American National Standard ANSI B16.34 ASTM A488 Annex B ASTM E1030 Annex C ASTM E709 Annex D ASTM E165 Annex E ASTM A609 Page 35

37 Trademarks A list of trademarks is shown below which represent alloys listed in this material selector. Trademarks Product of Trademarks Product of AL-6XN Allegheny Ludlum Corporation Worthite Worthington Corp. Chlorimet The Duriron Co. Zeron Mather Platt Ltd. FERRALIIUM Langley Alloys Ltd. 15-5PH Armco Inc. Hastelloy Haynes 17-4PH Armco Inc. Inconel and Incoloy Inco family of Co. 254SMO Avesta AB Monel Inco family of Co. 253MA Avesta AB Nitronic Armco Inc. Virgo 38 Creusot Loire RA85H Rolled Alloys Uranus 50M Creusot Loire Hardness Conversions Austenitic Stainless Steel Hardness Conversions NACE Standard MR0175 requires the hardness for this material not to exceed 22HRC. Typically, these materials are less than 20HRC. o ASTM tables do not list values, because below 20HRC the test is not accurate. o Using table 2C and 2D of ASTM A370, an approximate hardness conversion for austenitic steels is shown. Table 1. Hardness conversion for cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Rockwell C Hardness No. Rockwell A Hardness No Brinell Hardness No. 10mm ball, 3000kg load Page 36

38 Duplex Stainless Steel Hardness Conversions Standard ASTM hardness conversion tables are only approximations. ASTM tables do not represent data from cast duplex stainless steel. The table was developed from actual hardness tests on cast duplex stainless steel. Table 2. Hardness conversion for cast Duplex Stainless Steel Rockwell C Hardness No. Brinell Hardness No. 10mm ball, 3000kg load Rockwell A Hardness No Page 37

39 CA6NM - Martensitic Stainless Steel The standard ASTM A370 hardness conversion tables state that the tables give approximate interrelationships of hardness values. Data was developed in Tacoma on CA6NM material, which shows that the ASTM conversion tables do not apply and the more accurate relationship is shown in the table below. For example, if a Rockwell C hardness maximum of 23 were necessary for a CA6NM part, this would convert to a Brinell of 255 HBW in lieu of the ASTM conversion of 243 HBW for a typical steel alloy. Table 3. Hardness conversion for cast Martensitic Stainless Steel (CA6NM) Note: HRC 23 equivalent to 255 HBW Brinell Hardness No. Brinell Hardness No. Rockwell C 10mm ball, 3000kg Load Rockwell C 10mm ball, 3000kg Load Hardness No. Hardness No. STEEL CA6NM STEEL CA6NM (11) (12) (13) (16) (17) (18) (19) Page 38

40 Cross Reference Bradken Alloy VS Material Designation Nickel Based Alloys Tacoma Alloy ASTM AISI 501 A494 CZ100 NICKEL (gas sensitive best AOD) INVAR (gas sensitive best AOD) INVAR A494 M-35-1, MONEL 411, A494 M-35-2[1] MONEL 512 MIL-Spec QQ-N-288 COMP. E, A494 M30C MONEL w/cb 520 MIL-S-24271A (SOLUTION ANNEAL FOR DUCTILITY) 521 HASTELLOY G 522 A494 CW-6MC, EB3163, INCONEL A494 CY-40 (MUST BE SOLUTION ANNEALED) 541 A494 N-12MV, Only quote if T<3 inches HASTELLOY B 544 A494 CW-6M, CHLORIMET A494 N-7M, (no quote if over 4inches) CHLORIMET 2, 545A Like N7M,but much tighter specification FMC 19C7 546 A494 CW-2M, HASTELLOY C4C 549 A567 GRADE 5, HASTELLOY X Cross Reference Bradken Alloy VS Material Designation Carbon Steels Tacoma Alloy ASTM AISI MODIFIED 711 A216 S-16 for Hydroflouric Acid Alkylation Service (low residuals) 715 A352 LCA, LCB, LCC, A757 A1Q, A2Q 1015 MODIFIED 716 A Grade WCB with CVN & Low CE-only Normalize+Temper 717 A216 WCC with CVN Requirements 720 A216 WCA, A ,60-30,U60-30,N-2, N-1, 70-40; 1020 ASTM 721 A487 Grade 2, Class A & B 723 A216 WCC, A356 Grade 1 with approved Deoxidation 724 A216 WCB with 0.25% Carbon Max. 725 A216 WCB, WCC, WCA; A ; 1025 ASTM cast grades 730 A915 grade SC1030 and A958 grade SC ASTM cast grades 740 A915 grade SC1040 and A958 grade SC ASTM cast grades 745 A915 SC1045 ; A958 SC MODIFIED Modified 799 Special Chemistries Requested Per this Designation Cross Reference Bradken Alloy VS Material Designation Alloy Steel Tacoma Alloy ASTM AISI 800 I A352 LC1 802 A217 WC1, A356 Grade 2 A356 Grade 2 W/ Approved Deoxidation 4017 Modified 804 Proprietary Alloy for weldable low alloy steel; 50ksi Yield min. CE< Proprietary Alloy for weldable low alloy for 70ksi min Yield CE < A , 80-50, 90-60, A486 GR. 90, 4125 Modified modififed 820 A , , Light to Medium Sections 4130 Modified 821 A915 grade SC4130 and A958 grade SC ASTM grades 822 HIGHER ALLOYED 820. A148 UP TO HIGHER ALLOYED 820. A148 UP TO Modified 825 Higher Alloyed USED For High Hardness Applications 826 A356 GRADE A915 grade SC4140 and A958 grade SC ASTM cast grades 828 A FOR ROBINS 829 A915 grade SC8630 and A958 grade SC ASTM cast grades 830 Higher Alloyed A487 Grade 4 Classes A - E: A915 grade SC8625, A958 grade SC ASTM cast grades 833 A487 Grade 10 Class A, B, 4320 Modified Modified Modified 836 A487 Grade 10 Modified 837 A487 Grade 9 Classes A - D, 4125 Modified 839 A915 grade SC8620 and A958 grade SC ASTM cast grades 840 A757 Grade C1Q, 4620 Modified 841 Similar TO A487 Grade 10 with.18%c -105ksi Tensile and 85ksi Yield 843 A487 grade 4B 4320 Modified 844 CR NI 2 - MO.5 - Low Alloy Steel 850 ASTM A356 Grade ASTM A356 Grade A217 WC6, A356 Grade A217 WC9, A356 Grade 10, A487 Grade 8 Modified, A757 Grade D1 855 A217 C5 856 ASTM A217 WC11, A356 Grade 6, various Grades in A ASTM A356 Grade ASTM A356 grade 12 and A217 Grade C12A 860 A352 LC2: A757 B2N, B2Q 861 A352 LC3: A757 B3N, B3Q 862 A352 LC4: A757 B4N, B4Q 863 A757 E1Q MODIFIED 864 T9074-BD-GIB-010/0300 Appendix D. HY80; MIL-S Grade HY A352 LC2-1. A757 Grades E2N1, E2Q1, E2Q2, E2N2, E2N3, E2Q3 Mod 865 T9074-BD-GIB-010/0300 Appendix D HY MIL-S GRADE HY A217 C A Request special chemistries Page 39

41 Stainless Cross-reference Cross Reference Bradken Alloy VS Material Designation Stainless Steel Tacoma Alloy ASTM AISI 900 A743 & A217 CA15: A487 CA15 Class A, B A743 CA A743 & A487 CA15M, MIL-C A757 E3N, A743 & A356 CA6NM with Deoxidation. A487 CA6NM Class A 909 A487 CA6NM Class B (Low C CA6NM for HRC 23 Max.) NACE 910 A351 & A743 & A744 CF A351 & A743 CF3 & CF3A (any low carbon) 304L 912 Ferrite <1.5% & low Magnetic Permeability A351 CF8A 914 A351 CG3M (per specification). See 923 for higher strength. 915 A297 HF, 302B 916 A351 & A743 & A744 CF8C A351 & A743 CGMMN Nitronic A351 & A743 & A744 CF8M, A351 & A743 & A744 CF3M CF3MA, (any low carbon) 316L 922 Nonmagnetic A351 & A743 & A744 CG8M (Higher strength) CG8M with 0.03% C Max., also CG3M (see Tacoma Alloy 914) 925 A351 & A743 & A744 CF8M with 50ksi minimum YIELD, A351 CF10M 929 CF3MN 316LN 930 A351 & A743 CH-10, CH-20, Rolled Alloys RA85H 932 A743 CE Cast Version of UNS S308115, Avesta 253MA; Alloy 933 w/cerium. 934 ASTM A297 Grade HN 935 A297 HH, A447 Type I, II 309 Cross Reference Bradken Alloy VS Material Designation Stainless Steel Continued Tacoma Alloy ASTM AISI 936 Proprietary Alloy for die blocks. 940 A351 & A743 CK A351 HK A351 HK A297 HK As Cast 946 A297 HT As Cast A743 CN3M, IN A351 & A743 & A744 CN7M, ALLOY A351 & A743 & A744 CN3MN Allegeny AL6XN 950 Uddelholm 904L 951 A351, A743, A744, A990 CK-3MCuN; Avesta254 SMO 952 A747 CB7CU-2, 15-5 PH 954 A747 CB7CU-1 H900, 17-4 PH 955 A747 CB7CU-1 H925 TO H1150 DBL: 17-4 PH 957 A890, A995 CD4MCuN - GRADE 1B: Duplex Stainless 958 A890, A995 Grade 5A (CE3MN) Duplex Stainless 959 A890, A995 CD3MN Grade 4A; Sandvick 2205, DIN X2CRNIMO 22.5 Duplex Stainless 961 Duplex - Similar to Zeron 25 Duplex Stainless 962 A890, A995 CD3MWCuN grade 6A (has 0.5 to 1.0% W) Zeron 100, 963 A890, A995 CD6MN 3A and UNS J93371 Duples Stainless 964 Duplex - Similar to Zeron Uranus 50M Duples Stainless 966 CLASS 2001 REV C Duples Stainless 967 A890 grade 1C, CD3MCuN Duples Stainless 970 Page 40

42 715 Carbon Steel Alloy Data Sheet Water quenched and tempered alloy Grades WCB-WCC (with Supplement S15), LCB-LCC Bradken Tacoma Alloy 715 is a plain carbon steel with excellent Charpy v-notch impact properties that can satisfy the requirements of ASTM A216 Grades WCB, WCC, and A352 Grades LCB, LCC when specified. Bradken Tacoma Foundry has a technical staff of engineers that are willing to assist you. We urge you to contact one of the Bradken Tacoma representatives so that we may be able to service your needs and provide you with a high quality product. Typical Applications Valves, flanges, fittings, pump cases and other pressure containing parts, and structural applications. When a plain carbon steel requiring improved impact properties over the normal cast carbon steel grades is selected, choose WCB or WCC in the quenched and tempered condition. Typical Composition and Mechanical Properties The alloy is designed with a maximum carbon content of 0.25%, enhancing weldability. Excellent low temperature toughness properties are achieved with a normalize and temper heat treatment. Typical Composition C Mn Si P S Typical Mechanical Properties Tensile Strength Yield Strength % Elongation %RA Charpy (at -50 F) 75 ksi 47 ksi ft-lb specification Typical 71 ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 41

43 Charpy V-notch Curve for quenched and tempered carbon steel The Charpy V-notch transition curves for Bradken Tacoma Alloy 715 show the effect of AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization) refinement versus conventionally Electric Arc Furnace (Arc) refined metal. When carbon steel is processed using the AOD method of refining, the impact properties are enhanced as shown above. The AOD process offers an opportunity to improve steel with basic refining. The product of this refinement is steel with low residual gas levels resulting in fewer non-metallic inclusions. This cleaner steel coupled with low sulfur levels (typically less than 0.010%) dramatically improves toughness properties. Although carbon steel can be produced by conventional methods, AOD processing further improves the integrity of the casting. AOD refined carbon steel has excellent weldability due to the low carbon and low sulfur contents. Hot tearing during solidification on even the most intricate shape is diminished considerably, reducing the need to weld repair and enhancing the quality of the casting. Bradken Tacoma Alloy 715 should be considered when a plain carbon steel with excellent impact strength is required. Upon request, certifications are available verifying specific low temperature impact properties. The customer should specify the desired test temperature and the minimum absorbed energy that must be achieved. Bradken Tacoma testing facilities include a certified Charpy V-notch impact machine and a nil-ductility transition temperature (NDTT) testing apparatus to meet requirements for toughness properties. specification Typical 71 ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 42

44 804 Low alloy Steel Alloy Data Sheet Bradken Tacoma Alloy 804 Alloy steel designed for 50 ksi (345 MPa) yield strength, 0.47 CE, with excellent toughness This alloy was developed by Bradken Tacoma to meet the requirements of the Offshore Oil Industry. It is weldable with or without the need for preheat or post weld heat treatment. It provides good mechanical properties with excellent yield strength and ductility. Bradken Tacoma alloy 804 is refined using the AOD (Argon, Oxygen, Decarburization) process resulting in low sulfur and gas levels producing very clean steel with excellent ductility. Bradken Tacoma Foundry has a technical staff of engineers that are willing to assist you. We urge you to contact one of the Bradken Tacoma representatives so that we may be able to service your needs and provide you with a high quality product Typical Applications Structural castings for semi submersibles, riser baskets, seismic safety devices, TLPs, FPSO, and Spars Typical Mechanical Properties 1 13 inch (330mm) QTS Typical at surface Typical at T/3 Tensile Strength ksi (MPa) 79.8 (550) 74.8 (516) Yield Strength ksi (MPa) 59.3 (409) 52.8 (364) % Elongation % Reduction of Area Yield strength/tensile strength ratio Charpy V-notch at -40 C ft-lb (Joules) 113 (153) 211 (287) Charpy V-notch at -40 C % Shear specification 1 Typical 1180 F temper and 1150 F PWHT 71 ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 43

45 Typical AOD Refined Chemistry 2 C Mn Si Mo Cr Ni Al P S V Cu N Ti Cb 3 B CE PCM < < Charpy V-notch CTOD of Base Metal CE= ksi Yield Strength 3x3x15 inches -10 C (+14 F) m = inches m = 0.76 mm Valid m = inches m = 0.80 mm Valid m = inches m = 0.72 mm Valid 2 specification The chemistry, CE, and PCM can be varied to achieve customized requirements. 3 Typical Cb is Columbium which is another term for Nb, Niobium. 71 ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 44

46 Heat Treatment This is a homogenized, water quenched, and tempered alloy resulting in a tempered martensite structure shown in the micrographs below. Microstructure 100x 500x specification Typical 71 ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 45

47 specification Typical 71 ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 46

48 806 Low alloy Steel Alloy Data Sheet Bradken Tacoma Alloy 806 Alloy Steel designed for 65 ksi (450 MPa) yield strength and excellent toughness. CE Max Bradken Tacoma Alloy 806 was developed to exhibit strength and toughness. It is used with or without PWHT. 806 is refined using the AOD (Argon, Oxygen, Decarburization) process resulting in low sulfur and gas levels producing a very clean steel with excellent ductility and strength. Bradken Tacoma Foundry has a technical staff of engineers that are willing to assist you. We urge you to contact one of the Bradken Tacoma representatives so that we may be able to service your needs and provide you with a high quality product Typical Applications Structural and pressure retaining castings for semi submersibles; pontoons, nodes, riser baskets, TLPs and Spars. Charpy V-notch Absorbed Energy 806 CVN curve CE.52, Yield 75 ksi (517 Mpa) ft-lbs 140 joules Temperature (F or C) specification Typical 71 ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 47

49 Actual Mechanical Properties in Quality Test Coupons (QTC) at T/4 of 7 inch at T/4 of 11.7 (178mm) QTS inch (297 mm) QTC Tensile Strength ksi (MPa) 92.1 (635) 91.3 (629) Yield Strength ksi (MPa) 72.2 (498) 71.6 (494) % Elongation % Reduction of Area Yield strength/tensile strength ratio Charpy V-notch at +23 F (-5C) ft-lb (Joules) (172) 120 (163) % Shear Typical AOD Refined Chemistry C Mn Si Mo Cr Ni Al P S V Cu N Ti Cb 1 B CE PCM < NDTT Test two (2) specimens from surface to exhibit No Break at -4 F and -13 F. Heat Treatment This Steel is homogenized, water quenched, and tempered alloy. The resulting tempered martensite is both strong and tough. Figure 1 100X Figure 2 500X specification 1 Typical Cb is Columbium which is another term for Nb, Niobium. 71 ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 48

50 864 High Alloy Steel Alloy Data Sheet Bradken Tacoma Alloy 864 Alloy Steel designed for 80ksi (550MPa) yield strength with excellent toughness This alloy was developed to exhibit high strength and toughness. This alloy is known as HY80 and has been used in military and naval applications for several decades. The alloy can be produced with or without post weld heat treatment. Bradken Tacoma alloy 864 is refined using the AOD (Argon, Oxygen, Decarburization) process resulting in low sulfur and gas levels producing clean steel with excellent ductility, toughness, and strength. This alloy can be used anywhere strength combined with low temperature toughness is required. Bradken Tacoma Foundry has a technical staff of engineers that are willing to assist you. We urge you to contact one of the Bradken Tacoma representatives so that we may be able to service your needs and provide you with a high quality product. Typical Applications Structural castings for Naval vessels (Tech Pub T9074-BD-GIB=010/0300 Appendix D formerly MIL-S-23008D) and offshore platforms. Chemistry Maximums and Ranges C Mn Si Mo Cr Ni P S V Cu Mechanical Properties Specification Minimum Typical in sections from 3-10 at T/4 Tensile Strength Yield Strength % Elongation %RA Information 80 ksi ksi (794MPA) 95 ksi (653MPA) specification Typical 71 ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 49

51 Charpy V-notch 864 Chapry V-Notch Curve Absorbed energy 180 Joules 160 ft-lb Temperature (F or C) Heat Treatment This is a water quenched and tempered alloy. Military specifications prohibit PWHT. Offshore applications usually require PWHT. specification Typical 71 ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 50

52 903 CA6NM Martensitic Stainless Alloy Data Sheet Bradken Tacoma Alloy 903 Grade CA6NM & E3N Bradken Tacoma Alloy 903 is a martensitic stainless steel that satisfies the requirements of Grade CA6NM for ASTM A352, A356, A743, A487 for CA6NM Class A, and A757 Grade E3N. This alloy has gained popularity among designers in the pump, gas and steam turbine industries. The alloy has desirable properties that include weldability, corrosion and cavitation resistance, toughness and resistance to cracking. CA6NM replaced CA15 in the 1960s. CA15 is merely a 12% chromium alloy similar to the first stainless steels invented. CA6NM contains nickel, which gives it superior weldable and it is stronger and tougher than CA15. CA6NM is refined using the Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) process. AOD enhancement can consistently produce a material with lower carbon, lower sulfur, and lower gas contents, resulting in a cleaner steel with fewer non-metallic inclusions. The lower carbon and sulfur levels improve weldability, decrease the susceptibility to hot tears and cracking, and significantly improve the Charpy V-notch impact properties. Bradken Tacoma Foundry has a technical staff of engineers that are willing to assist you. We urge you to contact one of the Bradken Tacoma representatives so that we may be able to service your needs and provide you with a high quality product. Typical Applications Pumps, impellers, bowls, diffusers, runners for water turbines, valves and compressor cases, are areas where strength, weldability, and toughness are desirable. Also in Gas and steam turbine blade rings and cases where good strength at temperature is required. Typical Chemistry C Mn Si Mo Cr Ni Al P S V Cu N Cb Computer monitored instructions are maintained during the melting operation. This ensures precise control to achieve the analysis. A consistent chemical content guarantees that the desired mechanical properties are satisfied. specification 1 Typical Cb is Columbium, which is another term for Nb, 71 Niobium. ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 51

53 Mechanical Properties Specified minimum Typical *A757 E3N Tensile Strength Yield Strength % Elongation %RA Hardness, HB 117 ksi 87 ksi max 121 ksi 94 ksi Charpy V- notch F* F specification Typical 71 ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 52

54 909 CA6NM Class B Alloy Data Sheet Bradken Tacoma Alloy % Max Carbon CA6NM ASTM A487 and ASME SA487 Grade CA6NM Class B Bradken Tacoma Alloy 909 is a product of the Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) process and Bradken Tacoma technology. This highly refined metal has a low gas content and a low sulfur level. The result is a cleaner, higher quality casting with excellent weldability and low temperature toughness. Bradken Tacoma Alloy 909 is a low carbon version of the well-known martensitic stainless steel Grade CA6NM. It was developed for use in hydrogen sulfide environments and offers advantages over the cast stainless steel Grade CA15 that it has replaced in most applications. The National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) has accepted CA6NM as a material that can be employed in oil field equipment. NACE Standard MR-0175 specifies that ASTM A487 Grade CA6NM Class B is appropriate when the hardness does not exceed HRC 23. This alloy can achieve the HRC23 maximum if the maximum carbon content is 0.03%. The HRC 23 maximum hardness is required for H 2 S environments. Bradken Tacoma Foundry has a technical staff of engineers that are willing to assist you. We urge you to contact one of the Bradken Tacoma representatives so that we may be able to service your needs and provide you with a high quality product Typical Applications Pumps, valves, and cases for the Oil Industry with low hardness (per NACE MR0175), excellent weldability, and low temperature toughness Typical Chemistry Properties C Mn Si Mo Cr Ni Al P S V Cu Mechanical Properties ASTM A487 CA6NM Class B Hardness, Tensile Yield % %RA Max. HRC Strength Strength Elongation (HB) Required specification 100 ksi 75 ksi (255) minimum Typical Typical ksi ksi (232) 3201 South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 53

55 API Standard 610, sixth edition, defines the minimum requirements for centrifugal pumps for use in petroleum refinery service. It states, Materials for the pressure casing, shafting, balance pistons, impellers and bolting having hardness in excess of Rockwell C23 shall not be used for components exposed to wet H 2 S service, including trace quantities. Bradken Tacoma alloy 909 castings will not exceed a hardness of Rockwell C23. The class B CA6NM in ASTM has a carbon max of 0.06%. By specifying a Carbon of 0.03% maximum in the order, the base metal can easily meet 23HRC. Low levels of carbon are achieved with AOD melting or judicial use of scrap and induction melting. It will be very difficult to meet the 23HRC maximum with carbon levels over 0.03%. Typical Charpy V-Notch Values Temperature, F Ft.-lb Heat Treatment The following heat treatment produces CA6NM castings that satisfy NACE Standard MR-0175 for CA6NM castings and ASTM A487 grade CA6NM class B. Normalize F +1125F The 1250F cycle is an intercritical heat treatment. This means half the martensite gets a very warm temper (softens the metal) and the other half turns into austenite, which transforms into untempered martensite upon cooling from 1250F. It is imperative that the 1250F be followed directly by 1125F, which is a tempering cycle. The 1125F will temper the new martensite. The result is soft and softer martensite crystals in the structure. Welding The alloy is easy to weld. The PWHT is F which softens the weld in the same manner as the base metal. Hardness Conversions for CA6NM The standard conversion correlations in ASTM A370 do not apply to CA6NM. The data below show the alloy specific hardness conversion for CA6NM. HB Class B CA6NM; HRC approved by API specification Typical 71 ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 54

56 948 Stainless Steel Alloy Data Sheet Bradken Tacoma Alloy % Max Carbon CN7M (aka CN3MCu) Bradken Tacoma Alloy 948 is a low carbon version of the well-known cast austenitic stainless steel CN7M. Its chemical composition and mechanical properties satisfy the requirements of grade CN7M under ASTM A351, A743, A744, A990 and ASME SA351. This corrosion resistant stainless steel alloy has an excellent reputation for its use in sulfuric acid and in many reducing chemicals. The high nickel content together with the added elements molybdenum and copper impart the necessary resistance to corrosion in these environments. Unfortunately, CN7M has a reputation for poor weldability and a high susceptibility for hot tears and solidification cracking. Bradken Tacoma has virtually eliminated these problems as a result of Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) refining. The key element for this success is the efficient removal of carbon and sulfur during refining. A typical carbon content for Bradken Tacoma Alloy 948 is <0.015% while the sulfur is <0.005%. Reducing the level of these two elements has dramatically reduced issues previously encountered with this alloy. A superior casting results when the carbon and sulfur contents are controlled to these low concentrations. Bradken Tacoma Foundry has a technical staff of engineers that are willing to assist you. We urge you to contact one of these Bradken Tacoma representatives so that we may be able to service your needs and provide you with a high quality product. Typical Applications Chemical processing, heat exchangers, pumps, valves, highly corrosive environments Typical Composition C Mn Si Mo Cr Ni P S Cu N Tensile Properties Tensile Yield % Strength Strength Elongation Required by specification Typical 62 ksi 71 ksi 25 ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 55

57 It is important to reduce the potential for intergranular carbides. Intergranular carbides are a low melting phase segregates on grain boundaries and contributes to the cracking tendency of this alloy. A 0.03% maximum carbon minimizes the number of carbides present, resulting in reduced welding problems. The lower carbon further enhances the alloy s corrosion resistance, which is typical of the common L grades. Note that the specifications often have 0.07% Carbon maximum. Please specify in the quote and purchase order that a carbon 0.03% maximum is required. Bradken Tacoma proprietary AOD processing methods ensures low sulfur levels and a cleaner material. In the past it was virtually impossible to pass liquid penetrant examination with non-aod CN7M because of the inherent cracks developed from grain boundary carbides in the fully austenitic stainless steel. AOD refined Bradken Tacoma Alloy 948 is now readily processed without grain boundary cracking, and can satisfy LPE requirements as outlined by ASME and military specifications. specification Typical 71 ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 56

58 957 Duplex Stainless steel Alloy Data Sheet Bradken Tacoma Alloy 957 ASTM A890 & A995 Grade 1B, CD4MCuN Bradken Tacoma Alloy 957 satisfies the requirements of Grade 1B (CD4MCuN). The choice of specification is dependent upon the application and the environment. ASTM A890 is for general purpose and A995 is for pressure vessel castings. CD4MCuN is used in many severe environments including brine, seawater, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and other oxidizing and reducing corrosive agents. Alloy 957 s ability to resist corrosion is superior and its yield strength is approximately double that of grades CF8 and CF8M. Duplex Stainless steels possesses a two-phase microstructure of approximately 50% ferrite and 50% austenite. This structure gives the Duplex additional strength and corrosion resistance especially in Chloride service. In comparison, alloys like CF8M contain typically 5-20% ferrite and the balance austenite, and they do not perform well in chloride environments. Bradken Tacoma Foundry has a technical staff of engineers that are willing to assist you. We urge you to contact one of the Bradken Tacoma representatives so that we may be able to service your needs and provide you with a high quality product Typical Applications Areas where high corrosion resistance is necessary as well as added strength, especially in environments containing chlorides Typical Chemistry and Mechanical Properties C Mn Si Mo Cr Ni Al P S V Cu N Ti Cb < specification 1 Typical Cb is Columbium which is another term for Nb, Niobium. 71 ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 57

59 Tensile Properties Nitrogen Tensile Strength Yield Strength % Elongation Required by 100 ksi 70 ksi 16 specification Typical 113 ksi 81 ksi 28 Nitrogen is purposely included in Bradken Tacoma Alloy 957 in a range of %. This element alters the solidification kinetics to the extent that detrimental alloy segregation is reduced. In addition, the resistance to chloride ion induced pitting is improved. The addition of nitrogen is controlled using the AOD process. Welding The addition of nitrogen in Alloy 957 enhances weldability. An influential element which adversely affects weldability is sulfur. It is important to achieve a low sulfur content to ensure good weldability. Bradken Tacoma maintains strict control over carbon, sulfur and nitrogen. The resultant alloy is readily weldable. AOD With the use of Bradken Tacoma proprietary methods and the Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) refining process, the desired chemical content is easily achieved. Typical sulfur and carbon levels are 0.004% and 0.02% respectively. Typical Microstructure of duplex stainless steel The dark matrix is ferrite. The lighter pools are austenite. specification Typical 71 ksi 32 ksi South Wilkeson St Tacoma, Washington Phone (253) Fax (253) Page 58