COMPOSITE MATERIALS: TESTING AND DESIGN

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2 COMPOSITE MATERIALS: TESTING AND DESIGN A symposium presented at a meeting of Committee D-30 on High Modulus Fibers and Their Composites AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS New Orleans, La., Feb ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 460 List price $31.00 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa

3 BY AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1969 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: SBN NOTE The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication. Printed in York, Pa. December 1969

4 Foreword The papers in the Symposium on Composite Materials: Testing and Design were presented at a meeting held in New Orleans, La., February The symposium was sponsored by The American Society for Testing and Materials through its Committee D-30 on High Modulus Fibers and Their Composites. Steven Yurenka, McDonnell Douglas Corp., presided as symposium chairman.

5 Related ASTM Publications Metal Matrix Composites, STP 438 (1968), $18.50 Fiber-Strengthened Metallic Composites, STP 427 (1967), $12.75

6 Contents Introduction 1 Testing Composite Materials' Testing s. p. PROSEN 5 Mechanical Properties and Test Techniques for Reinforced Plastic Laminates S. DASTIN, G. LUBIN, J. MUNYAK, AND A. SLOBODZINSKI 13 Special Problems Associated with Boron-Epoxy Mechanical Test Specimens R. N. HADCOCK AND J. B. WHITESIDE 27 Characterization of Anisotropic Composite Materials j. c. HALPIN, N. J. PAGANO, J. M. WHITNEY, AND E. M. TO 37 Test Methods for High-Modulus Carbon Yarn and Composites j. T. HOGGATT. 48 The Effect of Geometry on the Mode of Failure of Composites in Short-Beam Shear Tests s. A. SATTAR AND D. H. KELLOGG 62 Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of a Unidirectional Carbon Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composite E. A. ROTHMAN AND G. E. MOLTER. 72 A Simplified Method of Determining Inplane Shear Stress-Strain Response of Unidirectional Composites p. H. PETIT 83 Angle-Plied Boron/Epoxy Test Methods A Comparison of Beam-Tension and Axial Tension Coupon Testing R. B. LANTZ AND K. G. BALDRIDGE.. 94 Compression Testing of Aluminum-Boron Composites N. R. ADSIT AND J.D. FOREST 108 Preliminary Evaluation of Test Standards for Boron Epoxy Laminates E. M. LENOE, M. KNIGHT, AND C. SCHOENE 122 Shear-Modulus Determination of Isotropic and Composite Materials L. B. GRESZCZUK 140 End Plugs for External Pressure Tests of Composite Cylinders R. J. MILLER. 150 Strength Theories of Failure for Anisotropic Materials B. E. KAMINSKI AND B. B. LANTZ 160 Optimization of a Boron Filament Reinforced Composite Matrix P. W. JUNEAU, JR., L. H. SHENKER, AND V. N. SAFFIRE 170 Defining the Adhesion Characteristics in Advanced Composites G. L. HANNA AND SAMUEL STEINGISER 182 Fatigue Testing and Thermal-Mechanical Treatment Effects on Aluminum- Boron Composites H. SHIMIZU AND J. F. DOLOWY, JR 192 Mechanical Testing of Metal-Matrix Composites K. G. KREIDER

7 Fatigue and Creep Fatigue Fundamentals for Composite Materials K. H. BOLLER 217 Creep and Fatigue Behavior of Unidirectional and Cross-Plied Composites i. j. TOTH 236 Creep and Rupture of Graphite-Epoxy Composites F. Y. SOLIMAN Characterizing Strength of Unidirectional Composites o. ISHAI AND R. E. LAVENGOOD 271 Design and Application Practical Influence of Fibrous Reinforced Composites in Aircraft Structural Design H. c. SCHJELDERUP AND B. H. JONES 285 Determination of Design Allowables for Composite Materials B. H. JONES. 307 Characterization of Graphite Fiber/Resin Matrix Composites R. A. ELKIN, G. FUST, AND D. P. HANLEY 321 Failure Criteria for Filamentary Composites c. c. CHAMIS 336 Shear Stability of Laminated Anisotropic Plates j. E. ASHTON AND T. S. LOVE. 352 Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Laminates under Biaxial Loading C. W. BERT, B. L. MAYBERRY, AND J. D. RAY 362 Methods of Joining Advanced Fibrous Composites R. N. DALLAS Diffusion Bonded Scarf Joints in a Metal Matrix Composite E. F. OLSTER AND H. c. JONES 393 Tungsten Alloy Fiber Reinforced Nickel Base Alloy Composites for High- Temperature Turbojet Engine Applications D. W. PETRASEK AND R. A. SIGNORELLI 405 Composite Materials for High-Temperature Magnetic Applications D. M. PAVLOVIC AND R. J. TOWNER 417 Cryogenic Boron-Filament-Wound Pressure Vessels E. E. MORRIS AND R. j. ALFRING 430 Structural Synthesis of Composite Materials for Ablative Nozzle Extensions N. N. AU, E. R. SCHEYHING, AND G. D. SUMMERS 444 Structural Evaluation of Long Boron Composite Columns j. w. GOODMAN AND J. A. GLIKSMAN 460 Fracture Mechanics Fracture Processes in Fiber Composite Materials A. S. TETELMAN Crack Phenomena in Cross-Linked Glassy Polymers F. J. MCGARRY AND J. N. SULTAN 503 Fractography of Aluminum-Boron Composites R. C. JONES 512 Tensile Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Basic Concepts and Recent Developments CARL ZWEBEN 528 vi Contents

8 Fracture in Graphite Filament Reinforced Epoxy Loaded in Shear R. c. NOVAK 540 Electrical and Photographic Techniques for Measuring Microcracking in Some Fiber Reinforced Plastics WILLIAM MAHIEU 550 Microstrain in Continuously Reinforced Tungsten-Copper Composites E. J. HUGHES AND J. L. RUTHERFORD 562 The Role of Bond Strength in the Fracture of Advanced Filament Reinforced Composites A. GATTI, J. V. MULLIN, AND J. M. BERRY 573 Contents vii

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