Pluriol E types. Technical Information. Pluriol E Powder. Polyethylene glycols for the chemical and allied industries. Specialty Chemicals

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1 Technical Information Pluriol E types TI/ES 1077 e October 1998 (DFC) Supersedes edition dated March 1990 = Registered trademark of BASF Aktiengesellschaft Pluriol E 200 Pluriol E 300 Pluriol E 400 Pluriol E 600 Pluriol E 600 S Pluriol E 1000 Pluriol E 1500 E Pluriol E 1500 Fine Powder Pluriol E 1500 Powder Pluriol E 1500 Flakes Pluriol E 1500 Flakes NF Pluriol E 3400 Powder Pluriol E 4000 E Pluriol E 4000 Fine Powder Pluriol E 4000 Powder Pluriol E 4000 Flakes Pluriol E 6000 E Pluriol E 6000 Fine Powder Pluriol E 6000 Powder Pluriol E 6000 Flakes Pluriol E 8000 E Pluriol E 9000 Fine Powder Pluriol E 9000 Powder Pluriol E 9000 Flakes Pluriol E Powder Polyethylene glycols for the chemical and allied industries Specialty Chemicals

2 Pluriol E types Chemical nature The Pluriol E types are polyethylene glycols that conform to the general formula HO(CH 2 CH 2 O) n H. The degree of polymerization n determines the average molar mass of each product and the properties it displays. Properties Pluriol E 200, E 300, E 400 and E 600 S are clear, colourless liquids at 23 C. Pluriol E 600 can have the consistency of a clear, colourless liquid, a milky white liquid or a semi-solid, depending on the ambient temperature. It has a setting point of ca. 20 C. Polyethylene glycols with a molar mass of ca or more are solid at 23 C. They are supplied in the following forms. E = Product supplied as cast solids in drums or in liquid form in heated road tankers. Fine Powder = White or slightly yellowish micronized granules with a particle size predominately in the mm range. Powder Flakes = White or slightly yellowish micronized granules with a particle size predominately in the mm range. = White or slightly flakes with various particle sizes. 2

3 Product data Pluriol E 200 E 300 E 400 E 600 E 600 S Method Unit Physical form Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid/solid Liquid Average molar mass g/mol (calculated from the OH number according to DIN 53240) ph DIN ca. 7 ca. 7 ca. 7 ca. 7 ca. 7 (5% in water at 23 C Density (23 C) DIN g/cm 3 ca ca ca ca ca Buld density Fine powder DIN ISO 697 Powder Flakes kg/l kg/l kg/l Clear melting point C ca. 40 ca. 10 ca. 0 ca. 20 ca. 5 Setting point DGF M-III 4a C Viscosity at 20 C DIN mm 2 /s ca. 60 ca. 85 ca. 110 ca. 140 at 50 C mm 2 /s ca. 15 ca. 20 ca. 30 ca. 40 ca. 40 at 99 C mm 2 /s ca. 4 ca. 5 ca. 6.5 ca. 10 Water content DIN % < 0.3 < 0.3 < 0.3 < 0.3 < 0.3 Ash content DIN % max max max max max Flash point DIN C > 150 > 150 > 150 > 220 > 230 Fire point DIN ISO 2592 C > 150 > 170 > 170 > 240 > 270 The above information is correct at the time of going to press. It does not necessarily form part of the product specification. A detailed product specification is available from your local BASF representative. Solubility All of the Pluriol E types are easy to dissolve in water, and their solubility is not affected by water hardness. Their solubility decreases to a certain extent as their molar mass increases. They are resistant to moderately strong acids, alkalis and salt solutions. Generally speaking, substances in this group are fairly inert, but they can react with vegetable and synthetic tanning agents and other substances that contain phenolic hydroxyl groups to form sparingly soluble addition products. The Pluriol E types with a low molar mass are soluble in alcohols, but their solubility decreases as their molar mass increases. They are soluble in most aromatic solvents, but they are virtually insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons and petroleum fractions. 3

4 E 1000 E 1500 E 3400 E 4000 E 6000 E 8000 E E 9000 E E Powder E E Fine Powder Powder Fine Powder Fine Powder Fine Powder Powder Powder Powder Powder Flakes Flakes Flakes Flakes Flakes NF Solid ca. 7 ca. 7 ca. 7 ca. 7 ca. 7 ca. 7 ca. 7 ca. 7 ca ca ca ca ca (50 C) (60 C) (60 C) (60 C) (70 C) ca ca. 0.6 ca. 0.6 ca. 0.6 ca. 0.6 ca. 0.6 ca. 0.6 ca. 0.6 ca. 0.6 ca ca ca ca. 0.5 ca ca. 40 ca. 45 ca. 55 ca. 55 ca. 60 ca. 63 ca. 65 ca. 65 ca. 35 ca. 35 ca. 40 ca. 43 ca. 45 ca. 46 ca. 47 ca. 70 ca. 110 ca. 30 ca. 85 ca. 110 ca. 350 ca. 600 ca. 900 ca < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 ca ca ca ca ca ca ca ca > 230 > 240 > 240 > 240 > 240 > 240 > 240 > 240 > 290 > 300 > 300 > 300 > 300 > 300 > 300 > 300 Stability Compatibility The Pluriol E types are thermally stable in the absence of oxygen. The Pluriol E types are freely intermiscible, which enables homogeneous mixtures with specific properties to be prepared. They are compatible with nonionic surfactants such as our Lutensol, Plurafac and Pluronic types. They are miscible to a greater or lesser extent with monomeric and polymeric substances of a largely hydrophilic nature such as dyes and pigments, anionic and cationic surfactants, and animal, vegetable and synthetic glues and binders - and their compatibility is good. The miscibility of the Pluriol E types with fats, fatty acids, alcohols and oils, natural and synthetic ester and hydrocarbon waxes, petroleum fractions and other substances of a predominantly hydrophobic nature is limited. Nevertheless, pseudomixtures or pasty dispersions can be made from some combinations of products by melting them into a vessel and allowing them to cool before stirring. Solids, such as chromatic pigments, ceramic pigments, and abrasives in polishes and solid lubricants, can be ground into stable, homogeneous pastes with Pluriol E types, providing that the solids are properly wetted, the viscosity is kept within reasonable limits, and the various ingredients are correctly proportioned. 4

5 Storage a) The Pluriol E types should be stored indoors in a dry place. Storerooms must not be overheated. b) The Pluriol E types are hygroscopic, and care needs to be taken to exclude moisture. Drums must be resealed each time they are opened. c) The storage temperature should not be allowed to fall below the melting point if at all possible. d) Drums that have solidified or that have begun to precipitate should be reconstituted by gentle heating, preferably in a heating cabinet. The temperature must not be allowed to exceed 70 C. This also applies if drums are heated by external electrical elements. Internal electrical elements should not be used because of the localized anomalies in temperature that they cause. e) The Pluriol E types must be blanketed with nitrogen if they are stored in heated tanks (at C) to prevent them from coming into contact with air. Constant, gentle stirring helps to prevent them being discoloured as a result of prolonged contact with electrical elements or external heating coils. f) The Pluriol E types supplied in the form of powder, fine powder or flakes should be stored in a dry place at a temperature not exceeding 30 C. Thy should be shielded from sunlight to prevent lumps from forming. Materials The following materials can be used for tanks and drums. a) AISI 321 stainless steel (X6 CrNiTi 1810) b) AISI 316 Ti stainless steel (X10 CrNiMoTi 1810) Shelf life Provided they are stored properly and drums are kept tightly sealed, the Pluriol E types have a shelf life of at least two years in their original packaging. Applications The Pluriol E types are water-soluble polyether alcohols. They can be employed as solubilizers, lubricants, dispersants and mould release agents in a variety of applications. They can also be used to modify the viscosity of liquids, and they can be used as heat-transfer and hydraulic fluids. Polyether diols are also used as intermediates in organic syntheses. Solubilizers Dispersants Pluriol E 200, E 300, E 400 and E 600 are used in the detergents and cleaners industry to solubilize mixtures of surfactants in aqueous formulations. The Pluriol E types have high solvent power and dispersing capacity for many types of dyes and pigments, and they are effective solubilizers for basic dyes and some dye bases. They are used in the office supplies industry to formulate inks with high coverage. The consistency of the ink can be controlled by using mixtures of solid and liquid Pluriol E types. The Pluriol E types can be used as solvents for basic dyes in flexographic inks. Similarly, they can also be used as solubilizers and dispersing media for liquid and pasty pigment preparations, toner pastes and glaze stains in the textile, paints and ceramic industries. Viscosity regulators The Pluriol E types enable the consistency and rheology of a wide Binders range of aqueous liquids to be modified. Examples include pasty polishes and cleaners, stain removers and soldering flux. The Pluriol E types supplied in solid form, such as Pluriol E 1500, E 4000, E 6000 and E 9000, are soluble in water and have a waxy consistency and a relatively low melting point. They can often be used as binders in products such as solid detergent concentrates, toilet soap, sanitary cleaners, crayons, siliceous chalk and water colours. 5

6 Rubber industry Pluriol E 9000 can be employed as an activator and a dispersant for reinforcing fillers in the rubber industry. It reduces the extent to which the accelerator is adsorbed onto fillers. The mechanical properties of rubber compounds such as their modulus, tear strength, elongation at break, impact resistance, tear propagation resistance and hardness can be improved considerably. Improving the mechanical properties of rubber by adding Pluriol E % Tear Elongation Impact Tear Shore A modulus strength at break resilience propagation hardness resistance* DIN DIN DIN DIN DIN (N/mm 2 ) (N/mm 2 ) (%) (%) (N) A. Compound containing 25 phr Aerosil (vulcanized for 20 min at C) With no dispersing agent: With 2.5 phr Pluriol E 9000: B. Compound containing 50 phr triethylene glycol (vulcanized for 20 min at C) With no dispersing agent: With 2.5 phr Pluriol E 9000: * Tested on rings with a 4 mm square cross-section, cut to a depth of 1 mm. Pluriol E 9000 also improves the tear propagation resistance of rubber filled with siliceous chalk. Pluriol E 9000 is polar in nature. It can be used as a polar additive for rubber compounds that are vulcanized by radiation at ultra-high frequencies. It is sufficient to add 10 phr in order to convert the radiation into heat. This method of vulcanization is particularly recommended for compounds of natural, EPDM, SBR and butyl rubber that are pale in colour. Pluriol E 9000 is particularly effective for use as a mould release agent for articles moulded from latex and solid rubber. It is applied in the form of a 0.5 1% aqueous solution. Its main advantage over other mould release agents is that it does not cause any wrinkling when the articles are demoulded. Plasticizers Humectants Impregnating agents Lubricants These applications depend on the capacity of the Pluriol E types to penetrate and diffuse into various materials. The Pluriol E types are compatible with a wide range of materials, but their compatibility may be limited in some instances. Their hygroscopicity is one of the factors limiting their compatibility, but this can be alleviated by selecting specific products from the range. The Pluriol E types can also be employed as plasticizers for some special grades of paper, and they can be used to plasticize adhesives and cellulose film with no unwanted side effects. They may also be used to impregnate various materials such as pencil wood in order to improve their elasticity, dimensional stability, workability and moisture retention. The Pluriol E types can be used in some industrial processes to reduce internal and external friction. In the ceramics industry for instance, they can be added to extrusion compounds such as ceramic body in order to reduce the friction generated in the manufacture of insulators, pipes and rods, etc. The main advantage here is that the ware can be easily demoulded, no residue is left behind, and no carbon deposits are formed during firing. The Pluriol E types can be used as lubricants in applications in which the presence of oil can cause problems, such as in wire drawing, deep drawing and grinding. The Pluriol E types are very effective dispersing media for solid lubricants and for use in grinding and polishing compounds. Their solubility in water makes the residue much easier to remove. Intermediates for chemical syntheses The Pluriol E types are polyether diols. They can be used as intermediates in chemical reactions in which hydroxyl groups participate, such as esterification and etherification. They can be used as feedstocks in the production of surfactants such as fatty acid polyglycol esters and alkyl polyglycol ethers. 6

7 Electroplating industry Suggested formulations Pluriol E 1500, E 4000, E 6000 and E 9000 are employed as additives for copper and nickel electroplating baths, and for electropolishing steel. Pluriol E types with a lower molar mass may also be appropriate choices for applications of this type. Suggested formulations that make use of Pluriol E types are given in the following publication. TI/ES 1142 Cleaners and shampoos Safety We know of no ill effects that could have resulted from using the Pluriol E types for the purpose for which they are intended and from processing them in accordance with current practice. According to the experience we have gained over many years and other information at our disposal, the Pluriol E types do not exert any harmful effects on health, provided that they are used properly, due attention is given to the precautions necessary for handling chemicals, and the information and advice given in our safety data sheets are observed. Handling All contact with the eyes and prolonged contact with the skin must be avoided. Safety glasses should be worn when handling these products in their undiluted form. Further details are given in our Safety Data Sheets. Note The information submitted in this publication is based on our current knowledge and experience. In view of the many factors that may affect processing and application, these data do not relieve processors of the responsibility of carrying out their own tests and experiments; neither do they imply any legally binding assurance of certain properties or of suitability for a specific purpose. It is the responsibility of those to whom we supply our products to ensure that any proprietary rights and existing laws and legislation are observed. 7

8 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Marketing Spezialchemikalien I Ludwigshafen, Germany Printed in Germany