Europe Safety Chemical Processing Labeling Note North America South America Asia Pacific

Transcription

1 Chemical Processing

2 BASF s Care Chemicals for Chemical Processing Performance, safety, reliability and sustainable solutions are essential for the Chemical Processing industry. To meet these tough challenges BASF offers a range of industry-proven solutions. We produce innovative raw materials based on BASF s expertise in the manufacture of performance chemicals, process understanding and specific knowledge of market needs and legal requirements. Chemical Processing BASF supplies building blocks and process aids that improve chemical reactions and physical-chemical processes. We have an excellent track record of delivering solutions to the Chemical Processing industry based on our core Verbund technologies and our in-depth appreciation of market issues. In addition to our portfolio of existing products, BASF is an experienced innovator in partnership with our customers. Our products enable us to support customers in areas that matter most: Process optimization Supply and process reliability Final formulation performance Whether solutions are required for chemical reactions or physical-chemical processes, BASF is ready to support our customers. It s because at BASF, we create chemistry.

3 Sokalan PVP Solutions for Technical Applications Chemical Processing

4 Sokalan Solutions for Technical Applications Contents Introduction 3 Sokalan K Types Vinylpyrrolidone Homopolymers 4 Overview 4 Product range 4 Sokalan K solution types 5 Sokalan K powder types 5 Sokalan K types typical product properties 6 Sokalan Vinylpyrollidone Copolymers 7 Overview 7 Sokalan VA vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymer 7 Sokalan VPC vinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam copolymer 7 Sokalan comonomer types 8 Comparison between Homo- and Copolymers 9 Solubilities compared 9 Typical properties compared 9 Sokalan Cross 10 Overview 10 Sokalan Cross typical properties 10 Sokalan PVP Applications 11 2 = Registered trademark of BASF

5 Introduction In the late 1930s Professor Walter Reppe of BASF first invented and patented the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). In over 70 years since that significant milestone the range has been continuously developed to broaden the application base. Originally used as a plasma substitute, today PVP is used in a wide variety of applications in pharmacy, cosmetics and industrial production. BASF s PVP homo- and copolymers are known under the brand name Sokalan for technical applications. Professor Walter Reppe 3

6 Sokalan Solutions for Technical Applications Sokalan K Types Vinylpyrrolidone Homopolymers Overview Product range PVP is a white, hygroscopic powder with a weak characteristic odour. In contrast to most polymers, it is readily soluble in water and in a large number of organic solvents, such as alcohols, amines, acids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, amides and lactams. On the other hand, the polymer is insoluble in the common esters, ethers, hydrocarbons and ketones. PVP is markedly hygroscopic. This property combined with outstanding film formation, initial tack and adhesion to different materials, high capacity for complex formation, good stabilizing and solubilizing capacity, insensitivity to ph changes, ready radiation-induced crosslinkability as well as good biological compatibility have made PVP one of the most frequently used specialty polymers. PVP is synthesized by free-radical polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone in water or alcohols. By selecting suitable polymerization conditions, a wide range of molecular weights can be achieved, extending from low values of a few thousand daltons to approximately 2.2 million daltons. BASF offers a wide range of vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers with different molecular weights under the name Sokalan K. The products are available as aqueous solutions or powder. Typical parameters of the Sokalan K types are listed in the following two tables. High molecular weight PVP powders Sokalan K 80, K 85, and K 90 are packed under an inert gas atmosphere to maintain the molecular weight. The data on page 5 (solution types and powder types) are current as at the date of publication and are not all included in the product specification. The specified test characteristics are stated in the product specification, which may be requested from your local BASF representative. All numerical data are approximated. Sokalan K types versatile polymers for technical applications 4 Soluble in many mediums Hygroscopic Film formation Adhesion Initial tack Complex formation Dispersing Stabilization Solubilization Crosslinkability Stable over a wide ph range Biological compatibility Toxicologically safe Binding

7 Sokalan K solution types Average molar mass, Mw (GPC, BASF method) K-value (ISO ,1% dry substance in dist. water) Solid content (ISO 3251) Water content (DIN 53715, K. Fischer) ph value (ISO 976, 10% dry substance in dist. water) Viscosity (ISO 2555, Brookfield) Density (DIN 51757, 20 C) Ash content Residual N-vinylpyrrolidone Product name Physical form [kg/mol] [%] [%] [mpa s] [g/cm 3 ] [%] [%] Sokalan K 30 sol. 30% Liquid Sokalan K 60 sol. 35% Liquid Sokalan K 85 CQ sol. 20% 1 Liquid Sokalan K 90 sol. 20% Liquid Sokalan K 115 CQ sol. 10% 1 Liquid ) Contains approx % polyaminopropyl biguanide 2) 0.1% dry substance in dist. water Sokalan K powder types Average molar mass, Mw (GPC, BASF method) K-value (ISO ,1% dry substance in dist. water) Solid content (ISO 3251) Water content (DIN 53715, K. Fischer) ph value (ISO 976, 10% in dist. water) Bulk density (ISO 60) Ash content Residual N-vinylpyrrolidone Particle size 5 Product name Physical form [kg/mol] [%] [%] [g/l] [%] [%] Sokalan K 17 P Powder Sokalan K 30 P Powder Sokalan K 80 P Powder Sokalan K 85 P Powder Sokalan K 90 P Powder ) 5% dry substance in dist. water 4) 10% dry substance in dist. water 5) X nn : share below the reported particle size X 10 < 15 μm X 50 < 25 μm X 90 < 100 μm X 10 < 25 μm X 50 < 75 μm X 90 < 130 μm X 10 < 60 μm X 50 < 160 μm X 90 < 320 μm X 10 < 90 μm X 50 < 180 μm X 90 < 350 μm X 10 < 90 μm X 50 < 180 μm X 90 < 350 μm 5

8 Sokalan Solutions for Technical Applications Sokalan K types typical product properties Viscosity The rise in viscosity with increasing concentration depends essentially on the K-value. While in the case of the low molecular weight K 17 and K 30 grades, a 5 10% increase in concentration has only a slight effect on the viscosity, changes by a factor of 5 or more can be found for the high molecular weight products. Viscosity of Sokalan K types Viscosity in mpa s at 23 C Sokalan K 115 Sokalan K 90 Sokalan K 80 Sokalan K Sokalan K 30 Sokalan K Solids content in % Dependence of the viscosity on the solids content of aqueous Sokalan K solutions; Brookfield RVT Viscometer, spindle 3, 100 rpm at room temperature K-value 116 K-value 90 K-value 80 K-value 56 K-value 30 K-value 17 Molecular weight The average molecular weight (Mw) of the Sokalan K types extends from a few thousand daltons to about 2.2 million daltons. The number-average molecular weight (Mn) rises in parallel with the Mw from around 2,000 daltons to around 400,000 daltons. The weight average and the number average were determined by GPC analysis; calibration was done with narrowly distributed PVP samples which had previously been characterized by light scattering. Glass transition temperature With the exception of Sokalan K 17, the glass transition temperatures of the Sokalan K homopolymers lie within a similar, relatively high temperature range of C. Sokalan K 17 has a Tg of approximately 110 C. Color An aqueous solution of 10% powder results in a color range from almost colorless to a faint yellow tint. The liquid product types share a similar color range which does not alter with changes in concentration and molecular weight. Compatibility and film forming properties The outstanding compatibility of PVP with a huge number of compounds like organic and inorganic salts, dyes, active compounds, plasticizers, bacteria, blood opens up a wide field of opportunity and applications for Sokalan K types in different industries. PVP films are clear, transparent, hard and brittle. These properties can be selectively modified, for example, tack and brittleness, by using plasticizers like: water, glycerin, glycol, polyglycols, fatty acid derivatives, phthalates, Hexamoll, sorbitol, and cellulose derivatives. Crosslinkability High molecular weight Sokalan K types (for example Sokalan K 90) can be crosslinked at elevated temperature (70 90 C) by adding small quantities of a peroxide (for example tert.-butyl peroxipivalate, H 2 O 2 /CuCl 2 ) or persulfate in aqueous solution and under nitrogen. By contrast, aqueous Sokalan K 30 solutions can best be crosslinked by raising the ph to 11 at elevated temperature (approximately 90 C) under nitrogen. PVP films can be crosslinked even at room temperature by radiation curing (electron beam, gamma or X-rays) using megarads. Crosslinking is also known with UV light in the presence of a UV initiator (for example 4,4 -diazidostilbene-2,2 - di-sodium sulfonate) at nm and a light intensity of mw/cm 2. When crosslinked, PVP becomes insoluble in all solvents. In contrast to soluble PVP, crosslinked PVP is capable of swelling only in polar solvents (for example water or ethanol). The extent of swelling depends on the crosslinking density. On account of its outstanding adhesion and physiological compatibility, weakly crosslinked PVP with a high water content (hydrogel) is used as a skin-adhesive gel. 6

9 Sokalan Vinylpyrollidone Copolymers Overview The use of a comonomer extends the Sokalan PVP product range with specifically modified properties. By incorporating selected comonomers into the PVP polymer chain, the properties of the homopolymers can be modified. This opens up a variety of possibilities for new applications. Comonomers include vinylacetate (VA) and N-vinylcaprolactam (VCAP). Sokalan VA vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymer The incorporation of the vinylacetate comonomer results in two significant property modifications: Reduced moisture absorption Improved melting behavior Sokalan VA 64 is nonionic. Its comonomer ratio is optimized to make it soluble in both water and organic solvents such as ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, glycerin, methylene chloride, esters and ketones. Sokalan VA 64 powder is not soluble in ether or aliphatic hydrocarbons without auxiliary solvents. When compared with PVP homopolymers, the glass transition temperature of Sokalan VA 64 of 105 C is significantly lower, giving it a markedly improved melting behaviour. Sokalan VA 64 can be extruded at approx C without the need for further auxiliaries and is used in various areas as a hot-melt adhesive. Sokalan VPC vinylpyrrolidone/ vinylcaprolactam copolymer The incorporation of the vinylcaprolactam comonomer results in two significant property modifications: Reduced moisture absorption Reduced tackiness CH 3 O O N O N O N O CH CH 2 CH CH 2 CH CH 2 CH CH 2 n m n m Sokalan VA 64 types Sokalan VA 64 is available both as a powder (Sokalan VA 64 P) and as an aqueous solution (Sokalan VA 64 W). Sokalan VA 64 is a good example where the moisture absorption of PVP has been reduced specifically by the partial incorporation of the less hydrophilic comonomer vinylacetate. Sokalan VA 64 contains 40% by weight of vinylacetate. Sokalan VPC 55 K 65 W As in the case of Sokalan VA 64, moisture absorption compared to the PVP homopolymer can be reduced by the partial replacement of VP by the less hydrophilic vinylcaprolactam. Sokalan VPC 55 K 65 W is a good film former. The aqueous solution shows a reversible cloud point at 65 C. The glass transition temperature is 170 C. 7

10 Sokalan Solutions for Technical Applications Sokalan comonomer types Comonomer content vinylacetate/n-vinylpyrrolidone Comonomer content vinylcaprolactam/n-vinylpyrrolidone Average molar mass, Mw (GPC, BASF method) K-value (ISO ,1% dry substance in dist. water) Solid content (ISO 3251) Water content (DIN 53715, K. Fischer) ph value (ISO 976, 10% dry substance in dist. water) Bulk density (ISO 60) Density (DIN 51757, 20 C) Residual N-vinylpyrrolidone Residual vinylacetate Particle size 2 Product name Physical form [%] [%] [kg/ mol] [%] [%] [g/l] [%] [%] Sokalan VA 64 P Powder 60/ X 10 < 25 μm X 50 < 75 μm X 90 < 175 μm Sokalan VA 64 W Solution 60/ Sokalan VPC 55 K 65 W Solution 50/ ) 10% in dist. water 2) X nn : share below the reported particle size The above data are current as at the date of publication and are not all included in the product specification. The specified test characteristics are stated in the product specification, which may be requested from your local BASF representative. All numerical data are approximated. 8

11 Comparison between Homo- and Copolymers Solubilities compared Solubility Sokalan VA 64 types Sokalan VPC 55 K65 W Sokalan K types Product characteristics VP/VA VP/VCAP VP Acetone Cyclohexane Dimethyl sulfoxide Ethanol Ethyl acetate Ethylene glycol Isopropanol Methanol Methylene chloride Methyl ethyl ketone N-Methylpyrrolidone Tetrahydrofuran Water 1 The solubility was determined with powder (or dried polymer samples) Powder soluble, 5% and 20% solutions can be produced Powder insoluble 1) Cloud point: approx 65 C Typical properties compared Product properties Sokalan VA 64 types Sokalan VPC 55 K65 W Sokalan K types Product characteristics VP/VA VP/VCAP VP Film formation 1 Clear, colorless Clear, colorless, brittle Clear, colorless, brittle Crosslinkability Complex formation, dyes 1) Films cast from 20%, aqueous solution; film thickness: approx. 1 2 mm; dried to constant weight Suitable 9

12 Sokalan Solutions for Technical Applications Sokalan Cross Overview Sokalan Cross typical properties Sokalan Cross is a crosslinked vinylpyrrolidone homopolymer and thus belongs to the class of products called PVPP (polyvinylpolypyrrolidone). Whilst insoluble, the outstanding property of this crosslinked polymer is its capacity to adsorb dissolved substances. Adsorption and complexation Swelling capacity Chemical stability Insolubility Complex formation Stable in a wide ph range Toxicologically safe A series of compounds are adsorbed by Sokalan Cross in acid aqueous media or solvent mixtures by the formation of hydrogen bonds or as a result of dipolar interactions. These include for example phenolic substances, synthetic or natural anionic dyes of the most varied categories, such as anionically modified azo dyes, azomethine dyes and triphenylmethane dyes. Furthermore, mycotoxins, such as the aflatoxins B1 and G1, zearalenone or patulin are adsorbed to the polymer. The hydrogen bonding can be completely reversed by increasing ph. In addition, PVPP can form complexes with iodine or hydrogen peroxide in powder form or from solutions. Unlike non-crosslinked PVP, PVPP is insoluble in both organic and inorganic solvents. For this reason, no molecular weight can be determined for PVPP. The chemical and physical crosslinking of the polymer renders Sokalan Cross resistant to extreme ph-values and elevated temperatures. 10

13 Sokalan PVP Applications Glass fibres Ceramics Thickener Electronics, eg. CMP, batteries Metal dispersions eg. catalysts, sintered components Removal of polyvalent ions eg. system purification Dye additive Composites eg. compatibilisation of fibre and polymer Others Ash free combustion Binding Complexation Crosslinkability Dispersing properties Film formation Hydrophilic Inertness Safeness toxicological and biocompatibility Solubility Tack and adhesion Thermal stability Viscosity control The Sokalan PVP types offer a broad variety of properties that are beneficial in a wide range of applications. The applications in the above table are provided as indications of the functional performance of these products and should not be considered as a complete application list. 11

14 Europe BASF SE Home Care & Formulation Technologies Europe Carl-Bosch-Straße Ludwigshafen Germany Phone: Fax: BTC Europe GmbH Rheinpromenade Monheim am Rhein Germany Phone: Fax: You will find further european contacts on: North America BASF Corporation 100 Campus Drive Florham Park, NJ USA Phone: Fax: industrial-formulators-na@basf.com South America BASF S.A. Av. das Nações Unidas, Morumbi São Paulo SP Brazil Phone: formuladores@basf.com Safety We know of no ill effects that could have resulted from using our products for the purpose for which they are intended and from processing them in accor-dance with current practice. According to the experience we have gained up to now and other information at our disposal, our products do not exert any harm-ful effects on health, provided that they are used properly, due attention is given to the precautions necessary for handling chemicals, and the information and advice given in our safety data sheet are observed. Labeling Details about the classification and labeling of our products and further advice on safe handling are contained in the current safety data sheets. Note This document, or any answers or information provided herein by BASF, does not constitute a legally binding obligation of BASF. While the descriptions, designs, data and information contained herein are presented in good faith and believed to be accurate, it is provided for your guidance only. Because many factors may affect processing or application/use, we recommend that you make tests to determine the suitability of a product for your particular purpose prior to use. It does not relieve our customers from the obligation to perform a full inspection of the products upon delivery or any other obligation. NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE MADE REGARDING PRODUCTS DESCRIBED OR DESIGNS, DATA OR INFORMATION SET FORTH, OR THAT THE PRODUCTS, DESIGNS, DATA OR INFORMATION MAY BE USED WITHOUT INFRINGING THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF OTHERS. IN NO CASE SHALL THE DESCRIPTIONS, INFORMATION, DATA OR DESIGNS PROVIDED BE CONSIDERED A PART OF OUR TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE. Appendix A to 08_130505e Asia Pacific BASF East Asia Regional Headquarters Ltd. 45th Floor, Jardine House 1 Connaught Place Central Hong Kong China Phone: Fax: industrial-formulators-hk@basf.com

15 Europe BASF SE Home Care & Formulation Technologies Europe Carl-Bosch-Straße Ludwigshafen Germany Phone: Fax: BTC Europe GmbH Rheinpromenade Monheim am Rhein Germany Phone: Fax: You will find further european contacts on: North America BASF Corporation 100 Campus Drive Florham Park, NJ USA Phone: Fax: industrial-formulators-na@basf.com South America BASF S.A. Av. das Nações Unidas, Morumbi São Paulo SP Brazil Phone: formuladores@basf.com Safety We know of no ill effects that could have resulted from using our products for the purpose for which they are intended and from processing them in accordance with current practice. According to the experience we have gained up to now and other information at our disposal, our products do not exert any harmful effects on health, provided that they are used properly, due attention is given to the precautions necessary for handling chemicals, and the information and advice given in our safety data sheet are observed. Labeling Details about the classification and labeling of our products and further advice on safe handling are contained in the current safety data sheets. Note This document, or any answers or information provided herein by BASF, does not constitute a legally binding obligation of BASF. While the descriptions, designs, data and information contained herein are presented in good faith and believed to be accurate, it is provided for your guidance only. Because many factors may affect processing or application/use, we recommend that you make tests to determine the suitability of a product for your particular purpose prior to use. It does not relieve our customers from the obligation to perform a full inspection of the products upon delivery or any other obligation. NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE MADE REGARDING PRODUCTS DESCRIBED OR DESIGNS, DATA OR INFORMATION SET FORTH, OR THAT THE PRODUCTS, DESIGNS, DATA OR INFORMATION MAY BE USED WITHOUT INFRINGING THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF OTHERS. IN NO CASE SHALL THE DESCRIPTIONS, INFORMATION, DATA OR DESIGNS PROVIDED BE CONSIDERED A PART OF OUR TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE. 08_130505e Asia Pacific BASF East Asia Regional Headquarters Ltd. 45th Floor, Jardine House 1 Connaught Place Central Hong Kong China Phone: Fax: industrial-formulators-hk@basf.com