Over 1,500 employees in 20 + worldwide facilities. Staffed with Over 140 Mechanical, Electrical, Metallurgical and Process Engineers

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2 Over 1,500 employees in 20 + worldwide facilities Staffed with Over 140 Mechanical, Electrical, Metallurgical and Process Engineers Ajax Electrothermic Corp., 1916 TOCCO Inc., 1935 Ajax Engineering Corp., 1941 Magnethermic Corp., 1948 Ajax Magnethermic Corp., 1959 Japan Ajax Magnethermic Corp., 1965 Pillar Induction, 1966 American Induction Heating in 1968 Industrial Electric Heating in 1973 Lectrotherm Inc., 1989 Foundry Services, Gmbh 2000 INTECH, Gmbh 2000

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5 Sales approximately $1.2 Billion (2013) Employees approximately 5,000 NASDAQ as PKOH Headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio USA

6 EMMEDI MosWeld

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8 Topic #2 Should you install in-house heat treat capability? Understanding the primary manufacturing complexities of tube and pipe heat treat, quench and tempering.

9 Complete Solutions for Heat Treat, Quench and Temper Lines From 2 42 t/hr. induction systems for ERW and Seamless

10 Should a distributor produce in-house heat treat finishing capability? Answer/Question = Why Not? In the past 3 years we know of several distributors have purchased and/or are installing new heat treating lines. An Investment estimate for induction heat treating capability is: 6-8 ton/hr. $4-6 million Equipment $1.5 2 million Installation $5.5-8 million total Investment tons/hr. $5 7 million Equipment $2 2.5 million Installation $7 9.5 million total Investment tons/hr. $6 8 million Equipment $2.5 3 million Installation $ million total Investment

11 Understanding the primary manufacturing complexities of tube and pipe heat treating Loading System Austenitize Quench Drain/ Transfer Primary Progressive System Components Temper Cooling Table

12 Understanding the primary manufacturing complexities of tube and pipe heat treating Input Harmonics (IEEE519) MCC Controls Quench Sys. Water Sys Ancillary System Components

13 Complexity: Casing and tubing length variation identification. End Justification Adjusting makeup drive rollers to achieve pipe butting before heating.

14 Austenitizing (a) 1045 microstructure of as-quenched martensite Austenitize 2 Austenitizing is to heat iron-based metal or steel to a critical (Ac3) temperature to achieve changes in the crystal structure from ferrite to austenite. Quench Hardening of pipe increases its tensile strength and abrasion resistance. The as-quenched metallurgical grain structure is martensite as shown in figure (a) (b) 1045 microstructure of tempered martensite 14

15 2 Austenitize Typical Austenitize Line Configuration Progressive Heat

16 In-line Upset Tube and Pipe Uniform Heating Versus Upset Preheating. 2 Austenitize Modeled two upset pipes butted 2 Complexity Considerations: Upset Pipe must be processed utilizing sophisticated frequency scheming to heat the body and the Upset uniformly. Drive rollers and pinch roll drives must be designed to handle upsets.

17 2 Austenitize

18 2 Flux intensity distribution showing end effect with gaps between pipes while heating. Gap between Pipes Induction Coil Austenitize Pipe Wall At 3 khz Frequency Additional lines of Flux Induced, Current Crowding causes an increase in power density/ temperature in the pipe ends. End Effect

19 2 Flux intensity distribution showing end effect at lower frequencies. Gap between Pipes Induction Coil Austenitize Pipe Wall At 350 Hz Frequency Current Crowding Thus End Effect Changes significantly with frequency changes

20 Complexity Considerations: A thermal peak is produced upon introduction of gaps between pipes. Thermal End Effect modelling of gaps between pipes. At 3 khz Frequency End Effect Over heated Ends 2 Austenitize Over heating produces high metallurgical grain growth making the metal brittle. Same pipe size frequency influence modelling At 350 Hz Frequency

21 Effects of Seamless pipe +/- 6% wall thickness variations 2 Austenitize Complexity Considerations: -6% wall variations can overheat the pipe. +6% wall requires additional line length to allow temperature to conduct through thicker mass. Sporadic over/under heating of the pipe wall produces crooked pipe. Complex frequency and power density scheming is required as a means of control.

22 Austenitizing Pinch Roll Drives 2 Austenitize Complexity Considerations: Pinch wheel drives are used to assure positive feed of pipe due to: Distortion in green pipes Rust or other coatings on the surface of the pipe. Stresses relieved during heating.

23 Quench hardening is a metallurgical process in which steel and iron alloys are strengthened and hardened. Uniform and rapid quenching is critical to the metallurgy quality and distortion of the pipe. Quench 3 23

24 (Time-Temperature-Transformation Curves) TTT Curve ATM Barrel Quench Cooling Rate 3 Quench Complexity Considerations: The temperature must rapidly and uniformly be reduced below the Martensite phase (Ms). MS MR Martensitic Reaction Start (Ms)

25 Quench Vapor Phases Martensitic Reaction Start (Ms) 3 Vapor Phase Nucleate Boiling Phase Convection Phase Quench (Ms) Complexity Considerations: With high Austenitize temperatures in body of the pipe, a Vapor Phase (Steam Barrier) is formed around the metal upon initial contact with quenchant. A quench system must be designed to muscle through the (Vapor Phase) to produce rapid dissipation (Boiling Phase) to achieve efficient heat removal through conduction (Convection Phase).

26 Cooling Curves by Depth of Quench Penetration 3 Quench Complexity Considerations: Rapid equal quenching must be achieved or distortion and/or spotty hardness may result.

27 3 TTT Curve with Varying Quench Designs Quench The red curves represent different cooling rates (velocity) when cooled from the upper critical (A3) temperature. V1 produces martensite. V2 has pearlite mixed with martensite, V3 produces bainite, along with pearlite and martensite.

28 Quench System Components Complexity Considerations: Quenchant temperature must be consistent during production. 5-8 F temperature rise is typical

29 Quench Pit COLD Out to Line HOT Out to Tower 3 Quench Complexity Considerations: Scale dropout must be removed on a regular maintenance schedule. Cold Return from Tower Scale Weir Walls Hot return from Line

30 Quench Scale Filtration 3 Quench Complexity Considerations: Particulate mater (scale) in the system must be removed.

31 Post Quench Pinch Roll Drives 3 Quench Complexity Considerations: Pinch wheel drives are used to assure positive feed of pipe due to: Quenchant on the OD of the pipe causes slippage. Distortion from stresses relieved through quenching. Pipe distortion due to unequal quenching.

32 Drain/ Transfer 4 Complexity Considerations: Quench must be purged from the pipe ID or it will cause unequal tempering. Quenchant in the temper coils will cause damage from thermal shocking. Makeup drives keep pipe butted through temper heating.

33 Tempering (b) 1045 microstructure of tempered martensite Temper 5 Tempering is accomplished by reheating the hardened pipe below the (Ac1) phase to reduce brittleness and/or increase ductility. Stresses are also relieved from the Quench Hardening process. The metallurgical goal is to achieve a tempered martensitic grain structure as shown in figure (b) 33

34 Pacer II 1500 KW 500 HZ Pacer II 1500 KW 300 HZ 5 Temper Typical Temper Line Configuration Progressive Heat

35 Relational Quench and Tempering TTT Curve 5 Temper (Relational Time-Temperature-Transformation Curve) Complexity Considerations: Typically OCTG tube and pipe tempering requires more toughness than hardness. Accordingly, there must be controlled heating to remain below the Ac1 transformation temperature. A = Arrest (Critical Transformation Temperatures) c = chauffage (Heating)

36 Magnetic Curie Point Influence 5 Temper Magnetic Curie Complexity Considerations: In addition to the primary I 2 R heating of Induction there is also an additional heating component of hysteresis losses below the Curie point. The Curie point is where magnetic material become non-magnetic. 36

37 Magnetic Curie Effects on Induction depth of Penetration 5 Temper Complexity Considerations: The reference depth of current penetration is 4.5 times deeper above Curie than below Curie. Pacer II Induction Power Supply 37

38 5 Temper

39 Effects of Seamless Pipe +/- 6% wall thickness variations Complexity Considerations: -6% wall variations can overheat the pipe. +6% wall requires additional line length to allow temperature to conduct through thicker mass. Sporadic over/under heating of the pipe wall produces crooked pipe. Complex frequency and power density scheming is required as a means of control. Tempering Temperature 5 Temper

40 Tempering Pinch Rolls 5 Temper Complexity Considerations: Pinch wheel drives are used to assure positive feed of pipe due to: Austenitizing and Quenching introduces stresses in the pipe. Stress in the pipe renders distortion. Quenchant on the OD of the pipe can cause slippage

41 To 50 F Above Ambient Forced Convection Cooling Table F To 700 F Natural Convection

42 6 Cooling Table Natural/ Forced Air convection hybrid cooling systems are use to reduce space and cost.

43 6 Cooling Table Natural Convection Forced Convection

44 Complexity Considerations: 6 Cooling Table Slow even cooling through rotation, equal support and feed is critical to reduce stresses relieved within the Temper heating. Pipe distortion is more prone from the output Temper temperature down to around 600 F. From 600 F to ambient the pipe can be more rapidly cooled.

45 Topic #3 Case Study of Heat Treat, Quench and Temper Complexity Considerations.

46 Case Study Summary OMK - Tubular Solutions (AMM Installation Tour March 2015) Purchased in 2011 installed 2012 Production rate was 10 tons/hour of one size tubing with upsets (Not a Range) This single product size did not meet OMK's requirements after they purchased Tubular Solutions. Price Tag was approximately 7-8 million, excluding building and installation cost. API grade pipe could not be produced for a great number of reasons, most are listed under Complexity Considerations within our AMM presentation on Wednesday. AjaxTocco was contracted to conduct an engineering study to render the line operational for casing lengths in late A contract was released to AjaxTocco mid 2014 to retool the line. Typ. NEW Price AjaxTocco and OMK is starting this line in first quarter (4 years) True Cost Consideration: The cost of going with unexperienced/understaffed vendor for this type of high throughput, semi automated and technologically advanced line =

47 OMK Original Induction Line Photo

48 OMK Original Induction Line Layout

49 ATM Induction Line Layout

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51 Quench Original Quench 1800 GPM Upgraded Barrel and Ring Quench 2500 GPM

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54 End of Presentation By: Donald A. Gibeaut 41 Tanglewood Dr. Huntsville, TX AjaxTocco Magnethermic 1745 Overland Ave. N.E. Warren, OH phone fax cell phone fax hr. Parts/Service