Thermoelectric Alloys

Transcription

1 Thermoelectric Alloys

2 Tradition and Progress Isabellenhütte is a world-wide leading manufacturer of thermoelectric and resistance alloys, as well as high precision current sensing and power resistors. Their success is built on more than 500 years of quality and innovation. Contents Tradition and Progress 2 Product Range 4 Glossary of Terms 6 s for Thermocouples 8 Formerly "Isabelle Copper Mill", Isabellenhütte has progressed from metal melting and wire drawing to become a recognized leader in the metallurgy of thermoelectric and resistance alloys. s for Extension Leads 12 s for Compensating Leads 16 Data sheets 20 Quality 31 Subject to technical modifications. 2

3 Isabellenhütte's products exceed the strict requirements for precision and quality. A fully trained and loyal work force attend to the detailed processes from melting to the finished product. Today, Isabellenhütte is a global enterprise with representatives in 30 countries on all 5 continents to serve the needs of our customers. Thermoelectric Alloys Resistance Alloys High Precision Current Sensing and Power Resistors Isabellenhütte is now positioned to meet new technological challenges and to share its future with your company. Historical Review: 1482 First official document of the Kupferhütte auf der Nanzenbach 1728 name is changed to Isabelle Kupferhütte 1827 Transfer of Isabellenhütte into family Heusler s propriety 1881 First manufacture of manganese and manganese alloys 1889 Development of the copper manganese alloy Manganin 1952 Production start of thermoelectric alloys 1980 Development of first electrical components 1982 Isabellenhütte becomes member of DKD Deutscher Kalibrierdienst (German calibration service) 1987 Production of the first SMD mω current sensing resistors worldwide 1995 Certification according to DIN EN ISO Certification according to DIN EN ISO Development of ISA-ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) 2004 Certification according to ISO/TS 16949: IECQ-CECC in addition to ISO/TS 16949:2002 3

4 Product Range ISABELLENHÜTTE produces alloys for the manufacture of all internationally standardized thermocouples (with the exception of precious metal based thermocouples) as well as extension and compensating leads for all known non-precious and precious metal thermocouples. These are supplied in form of wire, stranded wire, ribbon, flat wire and rods as semi-finished materials to be used in the produc- There is a wide range of applications for these measuring devices, such as temperature measurement in catalytic converters of cars, metallurgy, petrochemical and power plants as well as aircraft engines. As a service to our customers and to assure our quality standard, we operate a calibration laboratory in the German Calibration Service, Institute) in Berlin and Brunswick. This calibration lab (registration number DKD-K-03101) is accredited for thermal (temperature) and electrical (resistance, voltage) measuring parameters by PTB. The chemical and physical properties of our alloys are determined through our modern measuring and analysis facilities including for example optical emission spectrometer, REM, EDX analysis, laser We supply thermoelectric materials for temperature measurement in accordance with all national and international standards. ISABELLENHÜTTE is specialized in supplying tight tolerances in accordance with the individual needs of our customers. If you have individual requirements regarding maximum possible accuracy in thermo-electric voltage and dimensions or if you need special values, e.g. for mineral insulated cables, please contact us. Our data sheets will provide further information on available sizes of the different alloys. tion of thermocouples (also mineral insulated), dip sensors, quick cups for carbon testing in cast iron melts, trailing thermocouples, thermopiles, connectors, plugs etc. whose measurement standards are subject to continuously repeated tests by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) (Physical Technical Federal micro-meters at drawing and testing machines, tensile strength tester, elongation and hardness testing equipment. 4

5 Our product range includes semi-finished products for the manufacture of the following thermocouples and their extension leads: Isatherm Plus * Isatherm Minus ** Nicrosil Nisil Isatherm Plus Iron Type K resp. KX Type N resp. NX Type E resp. EX Types J and L resp. JX and LX Types T and U resp. TX and UX ISABELLENHÜTTE produces the following materials as compensating leads: Iron Isa Minus A-Copper 11 S-Copper Isa -Sil Isa -Sil KCA for type K KCB for type K RCA/RCB and SCA/SCB for types R and S BC for type B NC for type N CC for type C * Isatherm Plus equivalent to Chromel -P (trademark of Hoskins Manufacturing Company) ** Isatherm Minus equivalent to Alumel (trademark of Hoskins Manufacturing Company) Please contact us for any further compensating leads for special thermocouple types. 5

6 Glossary of Terms Thermocouple: A thermocouple consists of two dissimilar electrical conductors which are connected in an electrical circuit. If their junctions are at different temperatures, a thermoelectric voltage will result (Seebeck effect). This generated voltage is caused by the electron drift in the single legs resulting from the temperature difference over the length of the single conductors (legs) which form the thermocouple. Since the generated of a single leg cannot be measured, two single leg materials with different electrical characteristics (number of electrons, binding energy etc.) will be required to use the Seebeck effect for temperature measurement. The measured thermoelectric voltage is the difference of the generated single leg. A thermocouple is an instrument (converter), by means of which heat energy is converted into electrical energy, i.e. a current or voltage generator. Thermoelectric voltage is used as measuring signal. The voltage produced is solely dependent on the material and on the temperature difference the thermocouple is exposed to. It is independent of the conductor form or its dimensions. The thermoelectric power produced in a thermoelectric circuit is the product of thermoelectric current and thermoelectric voltage. 6 Identification of the thermocouples in accordance with IEC 60584: Thermocouple: Single leg: classification letter of the thermocouple type example: K for NiCr-Ni plus polarity identification ( P or N ) If the resulting voltage is measured with current as low as possible (using temperature or DVM s with a very high internal resistance), it will be a direct measure of the temperature difference the thermocouple is exposed to. Due to the fact that only a temperature difference is measured, the temperature of the reference junction has to be well known.

7 Extension lead: Since it is difficult or impossible to directly connect the thermocouple to the transducer for reasons of cost or handling, an extension or compensating lead is frequently connected as an extension between the thermocouple and the transducer. The extension lead supplies the same thermoelectric voltage in a limited applicable temperature range and has the same nominal chemical composition as the thermocouple. The temperature range used is limited however. The total thermoelectric voltage supplied results from the thermoelectric voltage of the thermocouple in the temperature range between measuring point and the junction thermocouple/extension lead and thermoelectric voltage generated by the extension- or compensating lead between the junctions of thermocouple/extension lead and extension lead/transducer. Identification of the extension lead in accordance with IEC 60584: Extension lead: Single leg: classification letter of the corresponding thermocouple type plus letter X (extension) example: KX for NiCr-Ni thermocouple type K classification letter of the corresponding extension lead type following IEC plus polarity identification P or N plus letter X (extension) example: KPX for NiCr-Ni positive leg of the extension lead type K Compensating lead: A compensating lead is, by its function, an extension lead. A compensating lead however, shows a completely different chemical composition. The application range of temperatures is limited here, too. Using compensating leads may result in a slightly higher increase of errors than with extension leads. Since the sum of thermoelectric voltages in a thermoelectric circuit is equal to the sum of all single thermocouples connected in series, such a measuring circuit can also be formed from a thermocouple and a compensating lead. For any further information with reference to physical principles, error possibilities and their prevention or to key words please contact us via thermo@isabellenhuette.de or have a look at our internet homepage Identification of the compensating lead in accordance with IEC 60584: Compensating lead: classification letter of the corresponding thermocouple type plus letter C (Compensating) example: KC for NiCr-Ni compensating lead type K Single leg: following IEC classification letter of the corresponding thermocouple type plus polarity identification P or N plus letter C (Compensating) plus letter A or B for different types of compensating leads example: KPCA for NiCr-Ni positive leg of compensating lead type K 7

8 s for Thermocouples s for basic values of thermoelectric voltage Based on Status IEC ITS 90 EN * ITS 90 ASTM E 230 ITS 90 ISA MC 96.1 IPTS 68 JIS 1602 ITS 90 GOST 3044 ITS 90 ANSI MC 96.1 IPTS 68 withdrawn IEC IPTS 68 renamed in IEC NFC IPTS 68 withdrawn and replaced by NF EN BS 4937 Part 1 to 8 IPTS 68 withdrawn and replaced by BS EN DIN IPTS 68 withdrawn NFE IPTS 48 withdrawn ISA RP 1.6 IPTS 48 withdrawn NIST Monograph 175 1) ITS 90 NBS Monograph 125 1) IPTS 68 replaced by NIST Monograph 175 NBS Circular 561 1) IPTS 48 replaced by NBS Monograph 125 1) Basic values without assignment to tolerances. * as well as the respective national translation of EN In this connection the national standard designation will be added to EN (e.g. DIN EN 60584). We supply in accordance with the standards specified above. If you require special standards, older issues of the specified standards or your own customer s specifications, please contact us. 8

9 Thermocouple type K E J T N L U The numbers below the thermocouple types represent the tables with the corresponding details on the following pages. 9

10 s for Thermocouples according to the indicated standards s: IEC EN * JIS 1602 IEC (renamed in IEC 60584) NFC (withdrawn) BS 4937 Part 1 8 (withdrawn) Table 1 K Isatherm Plus ** Isatherm Minus ** N Nicrosil Nisil Temperature range class E Isatherm Plus ** J Iron T Tolerance class 1 ± 1.5 C or ± 0.4% (t90) ± 1.5 C or ± 0.4% (t90) ± 1.5 C or ± 0.4% (t90) ± 1.5 C or ± 0.4% (t90) ± 0.5 C or ± 0.4% (t90) Temperature range class Tolerance class 2 ± 2.5 C or ± 0.75% (t90) ± 2.5 C or ± 0.75% (t90) ± 2.5 C or ± 0.75% (t90) ± 2.5 C or ± 0.75% (t90) ± 1.0 C or ± 0.75% (t90) Temperature range class Tolerance class 3 ± 2.5 C or ± 1.5% (t90) ± 2.5 C or ± 1.5% (t90) ± 2.5 C or ± 1.5% (t90) ± 1.0 C or ± 1.5% (t90) s: ASTM E 230 ISA MC 96.1*** ANSI MC 96.1*** (withdrawn) *** not for type N; t90 to be replaced by t68 Table 2 K Isatherm Plus ** Isatherm Minus ** N Nicrosil Nisil Temperature range standard 0 to 1260 ± 2.2 C or ± 0.75% (t90) 0 to 1260 ± 2.2 C or ± 0.75% (t90) E Isatherm Plus ** 0 to 870 ± 1.7 C or ± 0.5% (t90) J Iron 0 to 760 ± 2.2 C or ± 0.75% (t90) T 0 to 370 ± 1.0 C or ± 0.75% (t90) special ± 1.1 C or ± 0.4% (t90) ± 1.1 C or ± 0.4% (t90) ± 1.0 C or ± 0.4% (t90) ± 1.1 C or ± 0.4% (t90) ± 0.5 C or ± 0.4% (t90) : DIN (withdrawn) Table 3 L U Temperature range standard Iron to 900 ± 3.0 C or ± 0.75% (t68) to 600 ± 3.0 C or ± 0.75% (t68) * as well as the respective national conversion of EN In this connection the national standard designation will be added to EN (e.g. DIN EN 60584). 10 ** Isatherm Plus equivalent to Chromel -P (trademark of Hoskins Manufacturing Company) Isatherm Minus equivalent to Alumel (trademark of Hoskins Manufacturing Company)

11 Table 4 K Isatherm Plus ** Isatherm Minus ** Temperature range standard -50 to 1300 ± 0.16 or ± x 10-4 (t-300) E Isatherm Plus ** -50 to 800 ± 0.20 or ± x 10-4 (t-300) T -200 to 100 ± 1.3 K or ± 1.3 K x t s: GOST 3044 Table 5 K Isatherm Plus ** Isatherm Minus ** J T Temperature range standard 0 to ± 3.0 C or ± 0.75% (t68) Iron 0 to ± 3.0 C or ± 0.75% (t68) 0 to ± 0.8 C or ± 0.75% (t68) s: NFE Table 6 K Isatherm Plus ** Isatherm Minus ** J T Temperature range standard to 1260 ± 2.2 C or ± 0.75% (t68) Iron to 760 ± 2.2 C or ± 0.75% (t68) to 371 ± 0.83 C or ± 0.75% (t90) special ± 1.1 C or ± (t68) ± 0.55 C or ± (t68) s: ISA RP 1.3 (withdrawn) ** Isatherm Plus equivalent to Chromel -P (trademark of Hoskins Manufacturing Company) Isatherm Minus equivalent to Alumel (trademark of Hoskins Manufacturing Company) 11

12 s for Extension Leads s for basic values of thermoelectric voltage IEC DIN ASTM E 230 ISA MC 96.1 NFC BS 4937 Part 30 JIS 1610 GOST 3044 Status IEC renamed in IEC ANSI MC 96.1 DIN NFE ISA RP1.3 withdrawn withdrawn withdrawn withdrawn We supply in accordance with the standards specified above. If you require special standards, older issues of the specified standards or your own customer's specifications, please contact us. 12

13 Extension Lead Type KX EX JX TX NX LX UX No compensating leads are specified in the GOST Here the tolerances of the elements are assumed No compensating leads are specified in the DIN Here the tolerances of the elements are assumed The numbers below the thermocouple types represent the tables with the corresponding details on the following pages. 13

14 s for Extension Leads according to the indicated standards s: IEC DIN NFC BS 4937 Part 20 JIS 1610 IEC (renamed in IEC ) s: ASTM E 230 ISA MC 96.1* ANSI MC 96.1* (withdrawn) * not for type NX : ISA RP 1.3 (withdrawn) Table 1 KX Isatherm Plus ** Isatherm Minus ** KX Isatherm Plus ** Isatherm Minus ** NX Nicrosil Nisil Table 2 KX Isatherm Plus ** Isatherm Minus ** NX Nicrosil Nisil Table 3 Cable temperature range standard special 0 to 200 ± 2.2 C ± 1.1 C 0 to 200 ± 2.2 C ± 1.1 C EX Isatherm Plus ** 0 to 200 ± 1.7 C ± 1.0 C JX Iron 0 to 200 ± 2.2 C ± 1.1 C TX - 60 to 100 ± 1.0 C ± 0.5 C JX TX Cable temperature range Cable temperature range Tolerance class 1 standard to ± 3.33 C Tolerance class 2 Measuring junction temperature - 25 to ± 60 μv (± 1.5 C) ± 100 μv (± 2.5 C) to ± 60 μv (± 1.5 C) ± 100 μv (± 2.5 C) 900 EX Isatherm Plus ** - 25 to ± 120 μv (± 1.5 C) ± 200 μv (± 2.5 C) 500 JX Iron - 25 to ± 85 μv (± 1.5 C) ± 140 μv (± 2.5 C) 500 TX - 25 to ± 30 μv (± 0.5 C) ± 60 μv (± 1.0 C) 300 special Iron to ± 2.2 C ± 1.1 C to 93.3 ± 0.83 C ± 0.42 C 14 ** Isatherm Plus equivalent to Chromel -P (trademark of Hoskins Manufacturing Company) Isatherm Minus equivalent to Alumel (trademark of Hoskins Manufacturing Company)

15 Table 4 KX Isatherm Plus ** Isatherm Minus ** JX TX Temperature range standard 0 to 200 ± 3.0 C Iron 0 to 100 ± 3.0 C - 20 to 100 ± 1.0 C s: NFE (withdrawn) 15

16 s for Compensating Leads s for basic values of thermoelectric voltage IEC DIN NFC BS 4937 Part 30 JIS 1610 GOST 3044 Status IEC renamed in IEC DIN NFE ISA RP1.3 withdrawn withdrawn withdrawn ASTM E 230 ISA MC 96.1 ANSI MC 96.1 NFC ASTM E 988 Status withdrawn We supply in accordance with the standards specified above. If you require special standards, older issues of the specified standards or your own customer's specifications, please contact us. 16

17 Compensating Lead Type BC SCA SCB RCA RCB KCA KCB NC No compensating leads are specified in the GOST Here the tolerances of the elements are assumed No compensating leads are specified in the DIN Here the tolerances of the elements are assumed Compensating Lead BX BX B BC SX RX TC EC JC CC The numbers below the thermocouple types represent the tables with the corresponding details on the following pages. 7 17

18 s for Compensating Leads according to the indicated standards s: IEC DIN NFC BS 4937 Part 20 JIS 1610 IEC (renamed in IEC ) Table 1 Iron KCA Isa Minus KCB NC RCA/ SCA RCB/ SCB BC Cable temperature range Tolerance class 2 Measuring junction temperature 0 to 150 ± 100 μv (± 2.5 C) to 100 ± 100 μv (± 2.5 C) to 150 ± 100 μv (± 2.5 C) 900 Isa -Sil 0 to 100 ± 30 μv (± 2.5 C) 1000 A-Copper 11 0 to 200 ± 60 μv (± 5.0 C) 1000 A-Copper 11 S-Copper 0 to 100 ± 40 μv (± 3.5 C) 1400 s: ISA MC 96.1 ANSI MC 96.1 (withdrawn) : ASTM E 230 Table 2 RX/SX BX Table 3 RX/SX BX B BC A-Copper 11 S-Copper A-Copper 11 S-Copper Cable temperature range Measuring junction temperature 0 to 200 ± 57 μv (± 5.0 C) > 870 C 0 to / μv (+ 0 /- 3.7 C) Cable temperature range > 1000 C standard 0 to 200 ± 5.0 C 0 to 200 ± 4.2 C 0 to 100 ± 3.7 C 18

19 Table 4 EC JC TC Cable temperature range Tolerance class 1 Tolerance class 2 Isatherm Plus ** - 25 to ± 120 μv (± 1.5 C) ± 200 μv (± 2.5 C) Iron - 25 to ± 85 μv (± 1.5 C) ± 140 μv (± 2.5 C) - 25 to ± 30 μv (± 0.5 C) ± 60 μv (± 1.0 C) Measuring junction temperature : NFC Table 5 KCA KCB RCB/ SCB Table 6 KCA KCB RCB/ SCB Iron Isa -Minus Cable temperature range standard 24 to ± 3.33 C 24 to 93.3 ± 3.33 C 24 to ± 6.70 C A-Copper 11 Iron Isa -Minus Cable temperature range standard 0 to 200 ± 3.33 C 0 to 80 ± 3.33 C 0 to 100 ± 50 μv A-Copper 11 : ISA RP 1.3 (withdrawn) : NFE (withdrawn) Table 7 CC Isa -Sil Cable temperature range standard 0 to 200 ± 110 μv : ASTM E 988 ** Isatherm Plus equivalent to Chromel -P (trademark of Hoskins Manufacturing Company) Isatherm Minus equivalent to Alumel (trademark of Hoskins Manufacturing Company) 19

20 Data sheets Brand Name Isatherm Plus 1) Code Abbreviation Kp/ep (x) Chemical Composition (mass components) in %. Average values of alloy components Ni Si Fe Cr Balance Form of Delivery ISATHERM PLUS (KP/EP and KPX/EPX) is supplied in the form of bare wire with dimensions from 0.03 to 10 mm Ø. We supply coated wires from 0.03 to 1.5 mm Ø. For oxidized wires the available dimensions are 1 to 4 mm Ø. ISATHERM PLUS can also be supplied in the form of stranded wire, ribbon, flat wire and rods. Please contact us for the range of dimensions. The dimensions 0.81 (AWG 20) and 1.29 mm Ø (AWG 16) in the KPX/EPX version are usually available ex stock. Features and Application Notes ISATHERM PLUS, also known as CHROMEL -P 2) or NiCr10, is used as positive leg for the thermocouple type K as well as the positive leg of the thermocouple type E. In the version for extension leads ISATHERM PLUS is used for KPX and EPX. The standardized temperature range of the different application possibilities of ISATHERM PLUS is available in the tables on pages 10 and 11 as well as 14 and 15. See also Special Remarks on the Alloy. Thermoelectrical and Electrical Values in Soft-Annealed Condition 3) versus Cu/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST C / mv C / mv C / mv Electrical resistivity in μω x cm Physical Characteristics (Reference Values) Density Melting point Specific Thermal Average linear thermal Magnetic heat conductivity expansion coefficient at room between 20 C and 100 C temperature g/cm 3 C J/g K W/m K 10-6 /K no Mechanical Properties in Annealed Condition 4) Tensile strength Elongation Hardness MPa % HV10 hard > 310 soft ) ISATHERM PLUS is a registered trademark of Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG. 2) CHROMEL -P is a registered trademark of Hoskins Manufacturing Company. 3) The exact values according to NIST 175 can be calculated with the -Software, which can be downloaded from our homepage. 4) The mechanical values considerably depend on dimension. The indicated values refer to a dimension of 1 mm diameter. Notes on Treatment ISATHERM PLUS can be brazed without difficulty. All known welding methods are applicable. However, the alloy is difficult to soft-solder. The thermoelectric voltage of ISATHERM PLUS may change as a result of mechanical or thermal stress, see also Special Remarks on the Alloy. Special Remarks on the Alloy Due to its particular chemical composition ISATHERM PLUS (CHROMEL -P or NiCr10) shows a specific thermoelectric voltage behaviour known as K condition. This means a change in the ordered lattice structure within the alloy, which is dependent on the cooling rate in the temperature range below 600 C. With increasing rate of cooling the thermoelectric voltage drops. Consequently the annealing process used in production plays a decisive part in setting the thermoelectric voltage. As the only manufacturer worldwide, ISABELLENHÜTTE supplies KP/EP materials which pass a very special annealing process. Thus, we achieve a state in the lattice structure that we call stabilized condition. If a K or E thermocouple is introduced into a stationary heat source above approx. 600 C, the thermoelectric voltage of a non-stabilized NiCr10 leg will slowly be adjusted in the temperature range below 250 C. A non-homogeneous thermoelement will result. Since the thermoelectric voltage is generated over the whole length of the conductor, the thermoelectric voltage of the NiCr10 increases and thus the recorded temperature signal will also change, although the temperature of the heat source remains constant. Since the material supplied by ISABELLENHÜTTE is already stabilized, no signal shift occurs. For non-stationary application, both stabilized and non-stabilized material will show a signal shift. The difference between stabilized and non-stabilized material may amount up to 10 K at a measuring temperature of 1000 C. ISATHERM PLUS reacts corrosively at higher temperatures in the presence of varying oxidizing/reducing gases. Partial oxidation of the chromium will cause green rot. Sulphur and carbon favor the development of the green rot. As a consequence, the thermoelectric voltage may change dramatically. This oxidation might also lead to brittleness of the material. 20 Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG P.O. Box 1453 D Dillenburg Phone +49 (2771) thermo@isabellenhuette.de

21 Form of Delivery ISATHERM MINUS (KN and KNX) is supplied in the form of bare wire with dimensions from 0.03 to 10 mm Ø. We supply coated wires from 0.03 to 1.5 mm Ø. For oxidized wires the available dimensions are 1 to 4 mm Ø. ISATHERM MINUS can also be supplied in the form of stranded wire, ribbon, flat wire and rods. Please contact us for the range of dimensions. The dimensions 0.81 (AWG 20) and 1.29 mm Ø (AWG 16) in the KPX/EPX version are usually available ex stock. Brand Name Isatherm minus 1) Code Abbreviation KN / knx Chemical Composition (mass components) in %. Average values of alloy components Ni MnAlSi Balance 5 Thermoelectrical and Electrical Values in Soft-Annealed Condition 3) versus Cu/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST C / mv C / mv C / mv Electrical resistivity in μω x cm Physical Characteristics (Reference Values) Density Melting point Specific Thermal Average linear thermal Magnetic heat conductivity expansion coefficient at room between 20 C and 100 C temperature g/cm 3 C J/g K W/m K 10-6 /K yes Mechanical Properties in Annealed Condition 4) Tensile strength Elongation Hardness MPa % HV10 hard > 1050 < 2 > 300 soft Features and Application Notes ISATHERM MINUS, also known as ALUMEL 2) or NiAlCo, is used as negative leg of the thermocouple type K. For extension leads, ISATHERM MINUS is used for KNX. The standardized temperature range of the different application possibilities of ISATHERM MINUS, is available in the tables on pages 10 and 11 as well as 14 and 15. See also Special Remarks on the Alloy. 1) ISATHERM MINUS is a registered trademark of Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG. 2) ALUMEL is a registered trademark of Hoskins Manufacturing Company. 3) The exact values according to NIST 175 can be calculated with the -Software, which can be downloaded from our homepage. 4) The mechanical values considerably depend on dimension. The indicated values refer to a dimension of 1 mm diameter. Notes on Treatment ISATHERM MINUS can be brazed without difficulty. All known welding methods are applicable. However, the alloy is difficult to soft-solder. Special Remarks on the Alloy ISATHERM MINUS reacts corrosively at higher temperatures in the presence of sulphur. Thus the thermoelectric voltage may change dramatically as a result. This oxidation also leads to brittleness of the material. 21 Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG P.O. Box 1453 D Dillenburg Phone +49 (2771) thermo@isabellenhuette.de

22 Brand Name nicrosil Code Abbreviation Np (x) Chemical Composition (mass components) in %. Average values of alloy components Ni Si Cr Balance Form of Delivery NICROSIL (NP and NPX) is supplied in the form of bare wire with dimensions from 0.10 to 6 mm Ø, coated wires from 0.10 to 1.5 mm Ø. NICROSIL is also available in the form of stranded wire, ribbon, flat wire and rods. Please contact us for the range of dimensions. Features and Application Notes NICROSIL is used as positive leg of the thermocouple N. For extension leads, NICROSIL is used for type NX. The standardized temperature range of the different application possibilities of NICROSIL is available in the tables on pages 10 and 11 as well as 14 and 15. See also "Special Remarks on the Alloy. Thermoelectrical and Electrical Values in Soft-Annealed Condition 1) versus Cu/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST C / mv C / mv C / mv Electrical resistivity in μω x cm Physical Characteristics (Reference Values) Density Melting point Specific Thermal Average linear thermal Magnetic heat conductivity expansion coefficient at room between 20 C and 100 C temperature g/cm 3 C J/g K W/m K 10-6 /K no Mechanical Properties in Annealed Condition 2) Tensile strength Elongation Hardness MPa % HV10 hard > 1300 < soft ) The exact values according to NIST 175 can be calculated with the -Software, which can be downloaded from our homepage. 2) The mechanical values considerably depend on dimension. The indicated values refer to a dimension of 1 mm diameter. Notes on Treatment NICROSIL can be brazed without difficulty. All known welding methods are applicable. However, the alloy is difficult to soft-solder. The thermoelectric voltage of NICROSIL may change as aresult of mechanical or thermal stress, see also Special Remarks on the Alloy. Special Remarks on the Alloy NICROSIL has been developed to eliminate known disadvantages with reference to the positive leg of thermocouple type K (ISATHERM PLUS, Chromel -P or NiCr10). An increase in the chromium concentration to approx % versus KP will essentially reduce the change in due to the ordering state in the metal lattice. Thermoelectrically, the alloy therefore is considerably more stable against temperature changes below 600 C. NICROSIL reacts corrosively at higher temperatures in the presence of varying oxidizing/ reducing gases. Partial oxidation of the chromium will cause green rot. Sulphur and carbon favor the development of the green rot. As a consequence, the thermoelectric voltage may change dramatically. This oxidation will also lead to brittleness of the material. An increase in silicon concentration will result in higher oxidation stability versus the positive leg of thermocouple type K. 22 Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG P.O. Box 1453 D Dillenburg Phone +49 (2771) thermo@isabellenhuette.de

23 Form of Delivery NISIL (NN und NNX) is supplied in the form of bare wire with dimensions from 0.10 to 6 mm Ø. We supply coated wires from 0.10 to 1.5 mm Ø. Nisil can also be supplied in the form of stranded wire, ribbon, flat wire and rods. Please contact us for the range of dimensions. Brand Name nisil Code Abbreviation NN (X) Chemical Composition (mass components) in %. Average values of alloy components Ni Si Balance 4.8 Thermoelectrical and Electrical Values in Soft-Annealed Condition 1) versus Cu/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST C / mv C / mv C / mv Electrical resistivity in μω x cm Physical Characteristics (Reference Values) Density Melting point Specific Thermal Average linear thermal Magnetic heat conductivity expansion coefficient at room between 20 C and 100 C temperature g/cm 3 C J/g K W/m K 10-6 /K slight Mechanical Properties in Annealed Condition 2) Tensile strength Elongation Hardness MPa % HV10 hard > 1200 < soft Features and Application Notes NISIL is used as negative leg of the thermocouple type N. In the version for extension leads NISIL is used for type NNX. The standardized temperature range of the different application possibilities of NISIL is available in the tables on pages 10 and 11 as well as 14 and 15. See also Special Remarks on the Alloy. 1) The exact values according to NIST 175 can be calculated with the -Software, which can be downloaded from our homepage. 2) The mechanical values considerably depend on dimension. The indicated values refer to a dimension of 1 mm diameter. Notes on Treatment NISIL can be brazed without difficulty. All known welding methods are applicable. However, the alloy is difficult to soft-solder. See also Special Remarks on the Alloy. Special Remarks on the Alloy NISIL has been developed as a counterleg to Nicrosil. By increasing the silicon and reducing the aluminium concentration versus the negative leg of thermocouple type K (KN), a higher oxidation stability has been achieved. Consequently, compared to KN the corrosive reaction to sulphur will be lower at higher working temperatures. 23 Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG P.O. Box 1453 D Dillenburg Phone +49 (2771) thermo@isabellenhuette.de

24 Brand Name iron Code Abbreviation JP (x) / LP (X) / KPCA Chemical Composition (mass components) in %. Average values of alloy components Fe MnSiAlC Balance Form of Delivery IRON is supplied in the form of wires with dimensions from 0.12 to 5.5 mm Ø in bare condition. Enamelled wires are available in dimensions between 0.12 and 1.5 mm Ø. IRON can also be supplied in form of stranded wire, ribbon, flat wire and rods. Please contact us for the range of dimensions. Features and Application Notes IRON is used as positive leg of the thermocouple types J and L. For extension leads, IRON is used for JPX and LPX. As compensating lead, IRON is used as positive leg for KCA. The thermoelectric voltages for LP(X) and KPCA differ from JP(X) materials depending on standards. The standardized temperature range of the different application possibilities of IRON is available in the tables on pages 10 and 11, 14 and 15 as well as 18 and 19. See also Special Remarks on the Alloy. The IRON supplied by ISABELLENHÜTTE mainly is copper coated and free of rust. All packaging units are protected with antirust substances. Thermoelectrical and Electrical Values in Soft-Annealed Condition 1) versus Cu/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST C / mv C / mv C / mv 1) The exact values according to NIST 175 can be calculated with the -Software, which can be downloaded from our homepage. 2) The mechanical values considerably depend on dimension. The indicated values refer to a dimension of 1 mm diameter. * depending on chemical position IRON is easy to process. The alloy can be soldered and brazed without difficulty. All known welding methods are applicable. Electrical resistivity in μω x cm ,0-13,0 Physical Characteristics (Reference Values) Density Melting point Specific Thermal Average linear thermal Magnetic heat conductivity expansion coefficient at room between 20 C and 100 C temperature g/cm 3 C J/g K W/m K 10-6 /K to 12.6* yes Mechanical Properties in Annealed Condition 2) Tensile strength Elongation Hardness MPa % HV10 hard > soft Notes on Treatment Special Remarks on the Alloy IRON has a strong tendency to corrode/rust. The material should be stored and used in a dry environment. If required our IRON can be provided with a variety of liquid anticorrosive agents. Please note that the copper coating does not act as a rust protection. It is only used for production and optical purposes. 24 Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG P.O. Box 1453 D Dillenburg Phone +49 (2771) thermo@isabellenhuette.de

25 Form of Delivery ISOTAN is supplied in the form of wires with dimensions from 0.03 to 10 mm Ø in bare condition. Enamelled wires are available in dimensions between 0.05 and 1.5 mm Ø. ISOTAN can also be supplied in form of stranded wire, ribbon, flat wire and rods. Please contact us for the range of dimensions. Thermoelectrical and Electrical Values in Soft-Annealed Condition 3) versus Cu/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST C / mv C / mv C / mv 1) ISOTAN is a registered trademark of Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG. 2) Konstantan is a registered trademark of KRUPP VDM GmbH. 3) The exact values according to NIST 175 can be calculated with the -Software, which can be downloaded from our homepage. 4) The mechanical values considerably depend on dimension. The indicated values refer to a dimension of 1 mm diameter. Notes on Treatment ISOTAN is easy to process. The alloy can be soldered and brazed without difficulty. All known welding methods are applicable. Brand Name isotan 1) Code Abbreviation JN / ln / tn / un / en / jnx / lnx / tnx / unx / enx / kncb / cnc Chemical Composition (mass components) in %. Average values of alloy components Cu Ni Mn Balance 44 1 Electrical resistivity in μω x cm 4.1 to to to Physical Characteristics (Reference Values) Density Melting point Specific Thermal Average linear thermal Magnetic heat conductivity expansion coefficient at room between 20 C and 100 C temperature g/cm 3 C J/g K W/m K 10-6 /K no Mechanical Properties in Annealed Condition 4) Tensile strength Elongation Hardness MPa % HV10 hard > > 230 soft Features and Application Notes ISOTAN, also named Konstantan 2), is used as negative leg of thermocouple types J and L as well as T, U and E. In the version for extension leads, ISOTAN is used for JNX, LNX as well as TNX, UNX and ENX. ISOTAN is also used as compensating lead in type KNCB as well as negative leg for compensating lead type W5Re/W26Re. The standardized temperature range of the different application possibilities of ISOTAN, is available in the tables on pages 10 and 11, 14 and 15 as well as 18 and 19. See also Special Remarks on the Alloy. We supply various qualities of ISOTAN, which are suited for different applications or standards. 25 Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG P.O. Box 1453 D Dillenburg Phone +49 (2771) thermo@isabellenhuette.de

26 Brand Name e-copper Code Abbreviation tp (x) / up (x) / kpcb / npc / spca / spcb / rpca / rpcb / bnc Chemical Composition (mass components) in %. Average values of alloy components Cu 100 Form of Delivery E-COPPER is supplied in the form of wires with dimensions from 0.05 to 10 mm Ø in bare condition. Enamelled wires are available in dimensions between 0.05 and 1.5 mm Ø. E-COPPER can also be supplied in form of stranded wire, ribbon, flat wire and rods. Please contact us for the range of dimensions. Features and Application Notes E-COPPER is used in a wide range of thermocouple, extension and compensating lead types. As a thermocouple, it is used as positive leg for types T and U. As an extension lead, it is used for types TPX and UPX. E-COPPER is also used as the positive leg for the compensating lead to the elements Pt10Rh-Pt, Pt13Rh-Pt, NiCr-Ni (KCB) und Nicrosil-Nisil (NC), as well as the negative leg for compensating lead to the element Pt30Rh-Pt6Rh. The standardized temperature range of the different application possibilities of E-COPPER is available in the tables on pages 10 and 11, 14 and 15 as well as 18 and 19. We supply E-COPPER for applications up to 400 C. Above this temperature strong oxidation of the metal will start. E-COPPER is standardized up to 200 C for extension or compensating lead. Thermoelectrical and Electrical Values in Soft-Annealed Condition 1) versus Cu/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST 175 versus Cu versus Pt67/NIST C / mv C / mv C / mv C / mv Physical Characteristics (Reference Values) Density Melting point Specific Thermal Average linear thermal Magnetic heat conductivity expansion coefficient at room between 20 C and 100 C temperature g/cm 3 C J/g K W/m K 10-6 /K no Mechanical Properties in Annealed Condition 2) Tensile strength Elongation Hardness MPa % HV10 hard soft ) The exact values according to NIST 175 can be calculated with the -Software, which can be downloaded from our homepage. 2) The mechanical values considerably depend on dimension. The indicated values refer to a dimension of 1 mm diameter. Notes on Treatment E-COPPER is easy to process. The alloy can be soldered and brazed without difficulty. All known welding methods are applicable. Electrical resistivity in μω x cm Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG P.O. Box 1453 D Dillenburg Phone +49 (2771) thermo@isabellenhuette.de

27 Form of Delivery ISA -MINUS is supplied in the form of wires with dimensions from 0.05 to 8 mm Ø in bare condition. Enamelled wires are available in dimensions between 0.05 and 1.5 mm Ø. ISA -MINUS can also be supplied in form of stranded wire, ribbon, flat wire and rods. Please contact us for the range of dimensions. Brand Name isa -minus 1) Code Abbreviation knca Chemical Composition (mass components) in %. Average values of alloy components Cu Ni Mn Fe Balance Thermoelectrical and Electrical Values in Soft-Annealed Condition versus Cu/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST 175 versus Cu versus Pt67/NIST C / mv C / mv C / mv C / mv Electrical resistivity in μω x cm Physical Characteristics (Reference Values) Density Melting point Specific Thermal Average linear thermal Magnetic heat conductivity expansion coefficient at room at 100 C between 20 C and 100 C temperature g/cm 3 C J/g K W/m K 10-6 /K 8.9 approx no Features and Application Notes ISA -MINUS is used as negative leg for compensating lead KCA as well as positive leg for compensating lead type W5Re/W26Re. ISA -MINUS is standardized in the temperature range between 0 and 150 C. ISABELLENHÜTTE supplies ISA -MINUS in standardized tolerances up to 200 C. Mechanical Properties in Annealed Condition 2) Tensile strength Elongation Hardness MPa % HV10 hard > 840 < 2 > 240 soft ) ISA -MINUS is a registered trademark of Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG. 2) The mechanical values considerably depend on dimension. The indicated values refer to a dimension of 1 mm diameter. Notes on Treatment ISA -MINUS is easy to process. The alloy can be soldered and brazed without difficulty. All known welding methods are applicable. 27 Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG P.O. Box 1453 D Dillenburg Phone +49 (2771) thermo@isabellenhuette.de

28 Brand Name isa -sil Code Abbreviation nnc / cpc Chemical Composition (mass components) in %. Average values of alloy components Cu Ni Mn Fe Balance Form of Delivery ISA -SIL is supplied in the form of wires from 0.05 to 8 mm Ø in bare condition. Enamelled wires are available in dimensions between 0.05 and 1.5 mm Ø. ISA -SIL can also be supplied in form of stranded wire, ribbon,flat wire and rods. Please contact us for the range of dimensions. Features and Application Notes ISA -SIL is used as negative leg for the compensating lead of thermocouple type N. ISA -SIL is standardized in the temperature range between 0 and 150 C. ISABELLENHÜTTE supplies ISA -SIL in standardized tolerances up to 200 C. Thermoelectrical and Electrical Values in Soft-Annealed Condition versus Cu/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST 175 versus Cu versus Pt67/NIST C / mv C / mv C / mv C / mv Electrical resistivity in μω x cm Physical Characteristics (Reference Values) Density Melting point Specific Thermal Average linear thermal Magnetic heat conductivity expansion coefficient at room between 20 C and 100 C temperature g/cm 3 C J/g K W/m K 10-6 /K no Mechanical Properties in Annealed Condition 1) Tensile strength Elongation Hardness MPa % HV10 hard > 840 < 2 > 240 soft ) The mechanical values considerably depend on dimension. The indicated values refer to a dimension of 1 mm diameter. Notes on Treatment ISA -SIL is easy to process. The alloy can be soldered and brazed without difficulty. All known welding methods are applicable. 28 Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG P.O. Box 1453 D Dillenburg Phone +49 (2771) thermo@isabellenhuette.de

29 Form of Delivery A-COPPER 11 is supplied in the form of wires with dimensions from 0.05 to 12 mm Ø in bare condition. Enamelled wires are available in dimensions between 0.05 and 1.5 mm Ø. A-COPPER 11 can also be supplied in form of stranded wire, ribbon, flat wire and rods. Please contact us for the range of dimensions. Brand Name a-copper 11 Code Abbreviation SNCA / SNCB RNCA / RNCB Chemical Composition (mass components) in %. Average values of alloy components Cu Ni Mn Balance 3 2 Thermoelectrical and Electrical Values in Soft-Annealed Condition 1) Electrical resistivity in versus Cu/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST 175 versus Cu versus Pt67/NIST 175 μω x cm C / mv C / mv C / mv C / mv / / / / SC/RC SC/RC SC/RC SC/RC Physical Characteristics (Reference Values) Density Melting point Specific Thermal Average linear thermal Magnetic heat conductivity expansion coefficient at room between 20 C and 100 C temperature g/cm 3 C J/g K W/m K 10-6 /K around no Features and Application Notes A-COPPER 11 is used as negative leg for the compensating lead for thermocouple types Pt10Rh-Pt and Pt13Rh-Pt. A-COPPER 11 is standardized in the temperature range between 0 and 200 C. Mechanical Properties in Annealed Condition 2) Tensile strength Elongation Hardness MPa % HV10 hard > > 170 soft ) The exact values according to NIST 175 can be calculated with the -Software, which can be downloaded from our homepage. 2) The mechanical values considerably depend on dimension. The indicated values refer to a dimension of 1 mm diameter. Notes on Treatment A-COPPER 11 is easy to process. The alloy can be soldered and brazed without difficulty. All known welding methods are applicable. 29 Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG P.O. Box 1453 D Dillenburg Phone +49 (2771) thermo@isabellenhuette.de

30 Brand Name s-copper Code Abbreviation Bpc Chemical Composition (mass components) in %. Average values of alloy components Cu Mn Balance 3 Form of Delivery S-COPPER is supplied in the form of wires with dimensions from 0.05 to 8 mm Ø in bare condition. Enamelled wires are available in dimensions between 0.05 and 1.5 mm Ø. S-COPPER can also be supplied in form of stranded wire, ribbon, flat wire and rods. Please contact us for the range of dimensions. Features and Application Notes S-COPPER is used as positive leg for the compensating lead of thermocouple type Pt30Rh-Pt6Rh. S-COPPER is standardized in the temperature range between 0 and 100 C. ISABELLENHÜTTE delivers S-COPPER with a tolerance of ± 30 μv up to 200 C. Thermoelectrical and Electrical Values in Soft-Annealed Condition Electrical resistivity in versus Cu/NIST 175 versus Pt67/NIST 175 versus Cu versus Pt67/NIST 175 μω x cm C / mv C / mv C / mv C / mv Physical Characteristics (Reference Values) Density Melting point Specific Thermal Average linear thermal Magnetic heat conductivity expansion coefficient at room between 20 C and 100 C temperature g/cm 3 C J/g K W/m K 10-6 /K no Mechanical Properties in Annealed Condition 1) Tensile strength Elongation Hardness MPa % HV10 hard > > 140 soft ) The mechanical values considerably depend on dimension. The indicated values refer to a dimension of 1 mm diameter. Notes on Treatment S-COPPER is easy to process. The alloy can be soldered and brazed without difficulty. All known welding methods are applicable. 30 Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG P.O. Box 1453 D Dillenburg Phone +49 (2771) thermo@isabellenhuette.de

31 Quality At Isabellenhütte, the quality of our products forms the basis of your business success and ours. Meeting all quality requirements and thus quality assurance through constant improvement of procedures, processes, and operating steps is the personal objective of our staff. Internal and external training ensure that all employees are highly qualified. ISABELLENHÜTTE has adopted a quality management system in accordance with the requirements of ISO/TS and is certificated by the DQS GmbH Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Zertifizierung von Managementsystemen. All measurements of thermoelectric voltage and temperature performed by ISABELLENHÜTTE are traceable via our calibration laboratory to national and international standards. Furthermore, we frequently carry out measurement comparisons with our customers. Please contact us if you wish to perform such comparisons. ISABELLENHÜTTE's long term experience of packing our products in accordance with highest standards ensures receipt in perfect condition at our business partners. We look forward to establishing a close technical and business relationship. Commercial: Phone: + 49 (27 71) /1 42 Fax: + 49 (27 71) vk.export@isabellenhuette.de Technical: Phone: + 49 (27 71) Fax: + 49 (27 71) thermo@isabellenhuette.de All products are subject to a rigorous physical exam. Every individual unit of our thermoelectrical alloys is measured for in the specified temperature ranges. Additional electrical and mechanical measurements can be performed on our customers request. Test certification in accordance with DIN EN is included with all shipments. Test certificates can be customized to show data for additional or special tests such as custom calibration temperatures etc. measurements are in accordance with ASTM E 207. Wire standards are calibrated in Isabellenhütte s own DKD calibration laboratory (Registration number DKD-K-03101). 31

32 ISABELLENHÜTTE Heusler GmbH & Co. KG Eibacher Weg 3 5 D Dillenburg Postfach D Dillenburg Telefon +49 (27 71) Telefax +49 (2771) vk.export@isabellenhuette.de