LIBS Spectral Data for a Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ContainingUranium, Plutonium, Neptunium and Americium
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1 LA-UR Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Title: LIBS Spectral Data for a Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ContainingUranium, Plutonium, Neptunium and Americium Author(s): Judge, Elizabeth J. Berg, John M. Le, Loan A. Lopez, Leon N. Barefield, James E. Intended for: Report Disclaimer: Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer,is operated by the Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the National NuclearSecurity Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA By approving this article, the publisher recognizes that the U.S. Government retains nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or to allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Los Alamos National Laboratory requests that the publisher identify this article as work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Departmentof Energy. Los Alamos National Laboratory strongly supports academic freedom and a researcher's right to publish; as an institution, however, the Laboratory does not endorse the viewpoint of a publication or guarantee its technical correctness.
2 LIBS Spectral Data for a Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet Containing Uranium, Plutonium, Neptunium and Americium Version 1 (June 2012) Los Alamos National Laboratory P.O. Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM Elizabeth J. Judge, John M. Berg, Loan A. Le, Leon N. Lopez and James E. Barefield II Chemical Diagnostics and Engineering Chemistry Division MS J565 Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico Contact Information Jbarefield@lanl.gov
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4 Introduction: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to analyze a mixed actinide fuel pellet containing 75% UO 2 / 20% PuO 2 / 3% AmO 2 / 2% NpO 2. The preliminary data shown here is the first report of LIBS analysis of a mixed actinide fuel pellet, to the authors knowledge. The LIBS spectral data was acquired in a plutonium facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory where the sample was contained within a glove box. The initial installation of the glove box was not intended for complete ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) transmission, therefore the LIBS spectrum is truncated in the UV and NIR regions due to the optical transmission of the window port and filters that were installed. The optical collection of the emission from the LIBS plasma will be optimized in the future. However, the preliminary LIBS data acquired is worth reporting due to the uniqueness of the sample and spectral data. The analysis of several actinides in the presence of each other is an important feature of this analysis since traditional methods must chemically separate uranium, plutonium, neptunium, and americium prior to analysis. Due to the historic nature of the sample fuel pellet analyzed, the provided sample composition of 75% UO 2 / 20% PuO 2 / 3% AmO 2 / 2% NpO 2 cannot be confirm without further analytical processing. Uranium, plutonium, and americium emission lines were abundant and easily assigned while neptunium was more difficult to identify. There may be several reasons for this observation, other than knowing the exact sample composition of the fuel pellet. First, the atomic emission wavelength resources for neptunium are limited and such techniques as hollow cathode discharge lamp have different dynamics than the plasma used in LIBS which results in different emission spectra. Secondly, due to the complex sample of four actinide elements, which all have very dense electronic energy levels, there may be reactions and interactions occurring within the plasma, such as collisional energy transfer, that might be a factor in the reduction in neptunium emission lines. Neptunium has to be analyzed alone using LIBS to further understand the dynamics that may be occurring in the plasma of the mixed actinide fuel pellet sample. The LIBS data suggests that the emission spectrum for the mixed actinide fuel pellet is not simply the sum of the emission spectra of the pure samples but is dependent on the species present in the plasma and the interactions and reactions that occur within the plasma. Finally, many of the neptunium lines are in the near infrared region which is drastically reduced in intensity by the current optical setup and possibly the sensitivity of the emission detector in the spectral region. Once the optics are replaced and the optical collection system is modified and optimized, the probability of observing emission lines for neptunium might be increased significantly. The mixed actinide fuel pellet was analyzed under the experimental conditions listed in Table 1. The LIBS spectra of the fuel pellet are shown in Figures The spectra are labeled with the observed wavelength and atomic species (both neutral (I) and ionic (II)). Table 2 is a complete list of the observed and literature based emission wavelengths. The literature wavelengths have references including NIST Atomic Spectra Database (NIST) [1], B.A. Palmer et al. An Atlas of Uranium Emission Intensities in a Hollow Cathode Discharge taken at the Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) [2], R.L. Kurucz 1995 Atomic Line Data from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) [3], J. Blaise et al. The Atomic Spectrum of Plutonium from Argonne National Laboratory (BFG) [4], and M. Fred and F.S. Tomkins, Preliminary Term Analysis of Am I and Am II Spectra (FT) [5]. The dash ( ) shown under Ionic State 1
5 indicates that the ionic state of the transition was not available. In the spectra, the dash ( ) is replaced with a question mark (?). Peaks that are not assigned are most likely real features and not noise but cannot be confidently assigned to a transition without further investigation. Several peaks have multiple assignments due to limited resolution of the spectrometer used (20,000, λ/δλ) and without the availability, at this point in time, of pure PuO 2, AmO 2, and NpO 2 to confirm the identity of the peaks. A different spectrometer was used in the plutonium facility to collect the mixed actinide fuel pellet data (Echelle 3000) than the DUO 2, ThO 2 and uranium ore previously reported [6 8] (Echelle 4000) which accounts for the slight shift in the observed wavelength of the uranium emission lines. Experimental: The LIBS spectra were obtained by focusing the output from a Nd:YAG laser beam, operating at 20 Hz, onto the surface of a mixed actinide fuel pellet, a cylindrical rod approximately 3 mm in length and 1.5 mm in diameter, containing 75% UO 2 / 20% PuO 2 / 3% AmO 2 / 2% NpO 2. The average of 200 spectra is presented here. The measurement parameters are listed in Table 1. Acknowledgments: The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI), Office of Nonproliferation and International Security (NIS), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the United States Department of Energy under contract No. DE AC52 06NA References: [1] Y. Ralchenko, A.E. Kramida, J. Reader, N.A.T. (2011), NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver ), [Online], in, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, [2] B.A. Palmer, R.A. Keller, R. Engleman Jr., An Atlas of Uranium Emission Intensities in a Hollow Cathode Discharge, LA 8251 MS: Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Report LA 8251 MS, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, [3] R.L. Kurucz, B. Bell, 1995 Atomic Line Data, Kurucz CD ROM No. 23., Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA, [4] J. Blaise, M. Fred, R. Gutmacher, The Atomic Spectrum of Plutonium, ANL 83 95, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, [5] M. Fred, F.S. Tomkins, Preliminary Term Analysis of Am I and Am II Spectra, Journal of the Optical Society of America, 47 (1957) [6] L.A. Le, L.N. Lopez, E.J. Judge, J.L. Jolin, J.E. Barefield II, LIBS Spectral Data for Depleted UO 2 in Stearic Acid, , Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2011, pp [7] E.J. Judge, L.A. Le, L.N. Lopez, J.L. Jolin, J.E. Barefield II, LIBS Spectral Data for Thorium Oxide in Stearic Acid, , Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2011, pp [8] E.J. Judge, L.A. Le, L.N. Lopez, J.L. Jolin, J.E. Barefield II, LIBS Spectral Data for Uranium Ore, , Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2011, pp
6 Table 1. Measurement parameters used to record the thorium atomic emission spectra. Laser... Quantel USA, Ultra 100, 1064 nm, Gaussian beam profile, 8 60 mj/pulse ~7 ns pulse width, 20 Hz repetition rate Spectrometer LLA Instruments, Echelle ESA 3000 Spectrometer, Spectral range nm, Resolution 20,000 Detector CCD Array Kodak KAF 1001 (1024x1024 pixel) Gated Microchannel Plate (MCP), double correlated sampling, frame grabber, 16 bit ADU, fast pulse generator, MCP gated from 20 ns 16 seconds (Gate Width = 20 µs and Gate Delay = I µs were used for this experiment) Light Collection Optics... 5 meter fiber optic cable Laser Pulse Focusing Lens Spherical, 25 mm diameter, Focal length: 4 inches, Lens to sample distance: 4 inches 3
7 4
8 Figure 1 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 5
9 6 Figure 2 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
10 Figure 3 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 7
11 8 Figure 4 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
12 Figure 5 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 9
13 10 Figure 6 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
14 Figure 7 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 11
15 12 Figure 8 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
16 Figure 9 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 13
17 14 Figure 10 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
18 Figure 11 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 15
19 16 Figure 12 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
20 Figure 13 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 17
21 18 Figure 14 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
22 Figure 15 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 19
23 20 Figure 16 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
24 Figure 17 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 21
25 22 Figure 18 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
26 Figure 19 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 23
27 24 Figure 20 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
28 Figure 21 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 25
29 26 Figure 22 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
30 Figure 23 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 27
31 28 Figure 24 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
32 Figure 25 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 29
33 30 Figure 26 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
34 Figure 27 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 31
35 32 Figure 28 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
36 Figure 29 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 33
37 34 Figure 30 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
38 Figure 31 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 35
39 36 Figure 32 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
40 Figure 33 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 37
41 38 Figure 34 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
42 Figure 35 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 39
43 40 Figure 36 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
44 Figure 37 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 41
45 42 Figure 38 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
46 Figure 39 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 43
47 44 Figure 40 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
48 Figure 41 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 45
49 46 Figure 42 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
50 Figure 43 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 47
51 48 Figure 44 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
52 Figure 45 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 49
53 50 Figure 46 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
54 Figure 47 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 51
55 52 Figure 48 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm).
56 Figure 49 Mixed Actinide Fuel Pellet ( nm). 53
57 54 Table 2. Observed and literature based wavelengths for the LIBS spectral data of a mixed actinide fuel pellet containing 75% UO 2 / 20% PuO 2 / 3% AmO 2 / 2% NpO 2. References for the atomic emission lines are listed below. Ionic state (I) and (II) refer to the neutral and first ionic state of the element. NIST: NIST Atomic Spectra Database KPNO: B.A. Palmer et al. An Atlas of Uranium Emission Intensities in a Hollow Cathode Discharge taken at the Kitt Peak National Observatory SAO: R.L. Kurucz 1995 Atomic Line Data from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory BFG: J. Blaise et al. The Atomic Spectrum of Plutonium from Argonne National Laboratory FT: M. Fred and F.S. Tomkins, Preliminary Term Analysis of Am I and Am II Spectra, Journal of the Optical Society of America, 47, 1076, (1957) Notes refer to spectral characteristics of the preliminary data: a: May contain uranium b: May contain plutonium c: May contain neptunium d: May contain americium e: Shoulder peak f: 2 lines for emission g: 3 lines for emission Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U I SAO U II SAO U I NIST Am II FT Pu II BFG U I SAO Pu II BFG Pu I BFG Am I FT Pu II BFG Am II FT Notes Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U II NIST U II NIST U II SAO Pu I BFG U II NIST U II NIST U I SAO U I SAO Pu II BFG U I NIST Pu II BFG U I NIST Pu II BFG U II NIST U I NIST Pu II BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U I NIST Np I NIST U II NIST Pu II BFG Am II FT U I SAO U II NIST U I SAO Notes
58 Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U II NIST Pu I BFG U II NIST Pu II BFG a Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U I SAO Np I NIST U I NIST U I SAO U I NIST U II NIST Am I FT U I SAO Pu I BFG Pu II BFG U I NIST Pu I BFG U I NIST U II SAO U I SAO U I SAO U II SAO Am I FT U II NIST U I SAO Pu II BFG U II NIST U I NIST Notes Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference Pu I BFG U I NIST U I SAO Pu II BFG U I SAO Pu II BFG U II NIST Pu II BFG Pu I BFG U I NIST U II SAO Pu I BFG U II NIST U I NIST U I NIST U I NIST U I NIST U I SAO U I NIST Pu II BFG U I NIST Am I FT U I NIST U I NIST U I NIST b U I NIST U I NIST U I NIST U I NIST Notes 55
59 56 Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference Pu II BFG a U I NIST U II NIST U I NIST U I NIST Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U II SAO Pu II BFG U I SAO Pu II BFG Am I FT a Notes Pu II BFG e U I NIST U II NIST Pu II BFG U I NIST U II NIST U I SAO U I NIST U I NIST U II NIST Pu I BFG Pu II BFG U II NIST Pu I/II BFG f U II SAO Pu II BFG U I SAO Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U I NIST Notes Pu I BFG a Pu II BFG a U II SAO U I SAO U I NIST Pu I BFG a Pu I BFG a Pu II BFG a U I NIST b U I SAO U I NIST b Pu II BFG a Pu I BFG U II NIST U I SAO Am I FT U II SAO U I SAO Pu I BFG U I SAO b Pu II BFG U I SAO U I SAO Pu I BFG Am II FT a U I SAO Pu II BFG U II NIST
60 Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference Pu I BFG Pu II BFG Am II FT Pu II BFG Pu II BFG Pu I BFG Pu II BFG Pu II BFG U II SAO U I SAO U I SAO U I SAO Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U I SAO Am I FT Pu II BFG U II SAO e Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U II SAO U I SAO U II NIST Pu II BFG Pu I BFG U I SAO Notes Pu I/II BFG g,e U I SAO e Pu I BFG Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference Pu I BFG Pu II BFG Pu I BFG U I SAO Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Pu II BFG Pu II BFG Pu I BFG U I SAO Pu II BFG Pu I BFG U I SAO U II NIST U II NIST U I SAO Pu I BFG a U II NIST Pu I BFG a U I SAO U II NIST Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U II NIST U II NIST Notes U II NIST e Pu I BFG U I NIST U I SAO 57
61 58 Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U II SAO Pu I BFG a Pu II BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Pu BFG U II SAO U II SAO U I NIST Notes Pu I BFG a U II NIST U I SAO Pu I BFG U I NIST Pu II BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U II SAO U I NIST Pu II BFG Pu I BFG Pu II BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Am II FT Pu I BFG Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U II SAO U II NIST U II NIST U I SAO U II SAO Pu I BFG U I SAO U II SAO Pu I BFG U I SAO U II NIST U II NIST U II SAO U I SAO U II SAO e Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U I SAO Pu I BFG U II SAO Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U I NIST Pu I BFG U II NIST Pu I BFG U I SAO Pu II BFG Pu I BFG Notes
62 Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U I NIST Pu II BFG Pu I BFG U II NIST Pu II BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U I SAO Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U I SAO U II NIST Pu I BFG U II SAO Pu I BFG Notes Pu I BFG a U II NIST Pu I BFG U I SAO Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U II SAO Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U I NIST Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U I SAO Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Pu II BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U I SAO U II NIST U I KPNO Pu I BFG U II KPNO U II NIST U II NIST Pu I BFG U I KPNO Pu I BFG U II SAO Notes Pu II BFG a U II NIST U II NIST U I KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO Pu I BFG a Pu I BFG a U I KPNO U II KPNO Pu II BFG U I KPNO 59
63 60 Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U I SAO Pu I BFG U I KPNO U I SAO U II KPNO U II KPNO Notes Pu I BFG a Pu I BFG a U KPNO U I KPNO U II KPNO U I KPNO Pu I BFG U II KPNO Pu I BFG e Pu II BFG U KPNO U II SAO e Pu II BFG U I SAO Pu I BFG U II NIST Pu II BFG Pu II BFG U I KPNO U I KPNO U II KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U I KPNO U I KPNO Am II FT U I KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO U II KPNO U II KPNO Ca II NIST U II NIST Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U II KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO U II KPNO U KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO U I SAO U II KPNO Am II FT U I KPNO Pu II BFG U II NIST U II NIST Notes
64 Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Notes Pu II BFG a Pu I BFG U I KPNO U I KPNO Pu II BFG U I KPNO U I KPNO U II KPNO U I SAO Ca II NIST U KPNO Pu II BFG U I KPNO Pu II BFG U KPNO U I SAO Pu I BFG U I KPNO U KPNO Pu II BFG e U II KPNO Pu II BFG U II SAO U I KPNO Pu II BFG U KPNO Pu I BFG Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U II KPNO U II KPNO U I KPNO U KPNO U KPNO b U I KPNO U II NIST U KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO U II NIST U I SAO U I SAO U I KPNO U II KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO U KPNO U KPNO U I KPNO U II NIST U II NIST Am I FT Pu II BFG U I KPNO U KPNO U II SAO U I KPNO U I KPNO Notes 61
65 62 Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U II SAO U I KPNO Notes Pu I BFG d Am II FT U I KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO U II NIST U I KPNO U II NIST U II KPNO U KPNO U II SAO U II NIST U I KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO U II NIST U I SAO U II SAO U II KPNO U KPNO U I KPNO e Pu II BFG e U I KPNO U II NIST U KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U I KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO U II KPNO U II NIST U I SAO U I KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO Pu I BFG U II SAO Am II FT U II NIST U II KPNO Pu I BFG U II KPNO Pu I BFG U KPNO U I KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO Pu II BFG Pu II BFG U I SAO Pu I BFG U I KPNO U II NIST Notes
66 Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U II SAO U I SAO U I KPNO Pu I BFG Pu II BFG U II SAO U I KPNO Pu I BFG Pu II BFG U II NIST Pu II BFG Pu II BFG e Notes U KPNO e Pu II BFG e Pu I BFG U I KPNO U I KPNO U II NIST U I KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO Pu I BFG U II KPNO Pu II BFG Pu I BFG U I KPNO U I SAO Pu I BFG e U II SAO Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U I KPNO U I KPNO Pu I BFG U II KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO U II SAO U I KPNO U II KPNO Pu I BFG Pu II BFG U I KPNO U I KPNO U II KPNO U I KPNO Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U I KPNO Pu I BFG U II KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO Pu I BFG U I SAO U I KPNO U I KPNO U II NIST U I KPNO Pu BFG Notes 63
67 64 Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference Pu I BFG U I KPNO Pu II BFG Pu I BFG U II NIST Pu II BFG U II KPNO U I KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO U I KPNO U II KPNO Am II FT U II KPNO Pu II BFG Pu II BFG Pu II BFG U I KPNO U I KPNO Pu II BFG Pu II BFG U I KPNO U II KPNO U I SAO Pu II BFG U II SAO Pu II BFG Notes Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference Pu I BFG U I KPNO U II KPNO Pu I BFG Pu II BFG Pu I BFG Pu II BFG U II SAO U II SAO U KPNO U I KPNO U II SAO Pu II BFG U I KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO Pu II BFG U I KPNO Pu I BFG U I NIST Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U I KPNO U II KPNO Ca I NIST U I KPNO Notes U II SAO e U I KPNO
68 Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U KPNO U KPNO U I KPNO U II NIST U I KPNO Pu I/II BFG f Pu II BFG U I KPNO U II KPNO U I KPNO Pu II BFG Pu I BFG Am I FT U I SAO U II KPNO U KPNO U II KPNO U II KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO Pu II BFG U II KPNO U I KPNO U II SAO Pu II BFG Pu II BFG e U I KPNO Pu II BFG U I KPNO Notes Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference Pu I BFG U II SAO U II KPNO U I KPNO U II SAO U I SAO Pu II BFG Pu II BFG Am I FT U II KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO U II SAO Pu II BFG Pu II BFG U KPNO Pu I BFG U II KPNO U KPNO U KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO U II SAO U I KPNO Pu II BFG U I KPNO U I KPNO Notes 65
69 66 Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U I KPNO Am II FT U II SAO U I KPNO Pu II BFG U I KPNO U I SAO Pu II BFG Notes Pu II BFG e U I KPNO U II KPNO U II KPNO Pu II BFG U I SAO U I KPNO Pu II BFG U I KPNO U II SAO Pu II BFG Pu I BFG U I SAO U I KPNO U II SAO Pu II BFG U II KPNO Pu I/II BFG f U I KPNO U I SAO Pu II BFG Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference Pu II BFG Pu I BFG Pu II BFG U I NIST Pu II BFG Pu II BFG U I KPNO Pu I BFG U II KPNO Pu II BFG U II KPNO Pu I BFG U II SAO U I KPNO Pu II BFG U I KPNO U II KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO U II SAO U II KPNO U I KPNO Pu II BFG Pu I BFG U II SAO U II SAO U KPNO Pu I BFG Pu II BFG Notes
70 Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference Notes Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference Notes U I SAO Am II FT Am II FT U II SAO Pu II BFG Pu II BFG U I KPNO U II KPNO Pu II BFG Pu II BFG U I KPNO U II KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO Pu II BFG Pu I BFG U II KPNO Pu I BFG U II KPNO Pu II BFG U I KPNO U I KPNO Pu II BFG U I KPNO U I SAO U II KPNO U II SAO U I KPNO U II SAO U II KPNO U I KPNO U II SAO Pu I BFG Pu II BFG U KPNO U I SAO U II SAO U I KPNO U II KPNO Pu II BFG Am II FT Pu II BFG U I KPNO Pu I BFG Pu II BFG U II KPNO U II SAO U II KPNO Am II FT Pu II BFG U II KPNO U I KPNO U II KPNO Pu II BFG U II KPNO Pu I BFG Pu I BFG 67
71 68 Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U KPNO U I KPNO Pu I BFG Pu II BFG Notes Pu II BFG e Pu II BFG U I KPNO Pu II BFG U II SAO U I KPNO Am I FT U I SAO Pu II BFG U II KPNO U II KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO Am I FT U II KPNO Pu I/II BFG g U I KPNO Pu II BFG U II KPNO U II KPNO Am I FT U I KPNO U I KPNO U II KPNO Pu II BFG Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U II KPNO Pu I BFG U KPNO Pu II BFG U I KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO Pu I BFG U II SAO U I KPNO U KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO Pu I BFG U II KPNO Pu II BFG U I KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO U II KPNO Pu II BFG Pu II BFG U I KPNO U II SAO U I SAO U I KPNO Pu II BFG Notes
72 Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U I SAO Pu II BFG Pu I BFG U I KPNO U I KPNO U II KPNO Pu I BFG U II KPNO Notes U I KPNO e Pu II BFG U I SAO U I KPNO U I KPNO U I KPNO Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U II KPNO Pu I BFG Am I FT U II KPNO U I SAO Pu II BFG U I KPNO Pu I BFG Np I NIST U I KPNO U I KPNO Pu I BFG Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U I KPNO U I NIST U I KPNO U I KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO Pu II BFG f U I KPNO U I KPNO b Pu I BFG U I KPNO Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U I KPNO U II SAO U I SAO Pu II BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Am I FT Am I FT Pu I BFG U II NIST U II KPNO Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Notes 69
73 70 Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U I KPNO Pu I BFG U II KPNO Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Am I FT Notes U I SAO b U II KPNO e Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U II NIST U I SAO U I NIST Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U II SAO Pu I BFG Pu I/II BFG f U I KPNO b U I KPNO Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U I KPNO U I KPNO Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U I KPNO b Observed Literature Element Ionic State Reference U I SAO U I NIST Pu I BFG U I SAO Pu I BFG Notes Am I FT b U I KPNO Pu I BFG U I KPNO Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG Pu I BFG U I KPNO Pu I BFG Np I NIST
74 71
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