Bio-based Renewable Additives for Anti-icing Applications (Phase I)

Transcription

1 Bio-based Renewable Additives for Anti-icing Applications (Phase I) Interim Progress Report Dr. Xianming Shi, P.E. Dr. Mehdi Honarvar Nazari Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Washington State University

2 Problem Statement The environmental cost associated with snow and ice control products is a factor to be balanced with the value they provide and there is a need to adopt sustainability principles to highway winter maintenance. Relative to deicing and sanding, anti-icing leads to improved LOS, reduced need for chemicals, and associated cost savings and safety and mobility benefits. Yet, current anti-icers are plagued by growing concerns over their impacts on metals, concrete, asphalt and environment. Agencies are constantly seeking for alternatives that maximize the benefits of acetates and agro-based products while minimizing their drawbacks.

3 Background Currently the U.S. spends approximately $2.3 billion annually to keep highways free of snow and ice, and the associated corrosion and environmental impacts add at least $5 billion. Best practices have great potential to significantly reduce the costs of winter maintenance operations. By-products are readily available materials at low cost and have been utilized as effective, userfriendly and environmentally friendly ingredients for anti-icing, deicing, or pre-wetting operations.

4 ml brine/g deicer Background: AKDOT Project 2.10 Ice Melt vs. Time 20 F Time (min) Mix 28 Mix 29 80:20 NaCl:Boost Mix 30 Mix 31 Mix 35 Mix 36 Mix 3 Mix 22 Mix 13Z

5 Corrosion Rate (MPY) Background: AKDOT Project Corrosion Rate (MPY) NaCl DI Water Mix 3 Mix 22 Mix 3A Mix 22A Mix 3B Mix 22B Mix 3C 30% MgCl2 23% NaCl

6 Percent Weight loss (%) Background: AKDOT Project Weight loss results of half-air-entrained Portland cement concrete following the SHRP H205.8 freeze/thaw test

7 Tensile strength (psi) Background: AKDOT Project Split Tensile Strength DI 13x Unscaled Control 13y NaCl 13z

8 Project Objective Develop innovative anti-icing formulations for snow and ice control on highways, using beet sugar refining by-products, glycerol, and other bio-based additives for freezing-point suppression, performance enhancement, and corrosion inhibition.

9 Bio-based Renewable Additives for Antiicing Applications (Phase I) Significant cost savings for the DOTs and other maintenance agencies Traveler benefits in terms of improved safety & mobility Societal benefits in reducing the amount of chlorides into the environment Add value to agricultural by-products and stimulate the local economy

10 Identify Green Constituents Four types of locally available plants were used for preparing green deicers/corrosion inhibitors.

11 Identify Green Constituents Examples of the main compounds of green agents: Demethoxyisogemichalcone C Ganodermic acid TQ 1-docosanoyl-glycero-3-phosphate

12 Preparation of Green Deicers

13 Evaluate Green Constituents Set-up for electrochemical measurements.

14 Evaluate Green Constituents Test coupons

15 Corrosion Rate (mpy) Evaluate Green Constituents Mix 1 Mix 2 Mix 3 Mix 4 23% NaCl Comparison of corrosion rate for different green solutions mixed with a small dosage of potassium acetate.

16 OCP (vs. Ag/AgCl) Evaluate Green Constituents -650 Mix 1 Mix 2 Mix 3 Mix 4 23% NaCl Comparison of open circuit potential (OCP) values for different green solutions mixed with potassium acetate.

17 Evaluate Green Constituents Mix 1 Mix 2 Mix 3 Mix 4 23% NaCl Digital photo of the test coupons after 24 h immersion in test solutions containing potassium acetate.

18 Corrosion Rate (mpy) Evaluate Green Constituents Mix 6 Mix 7 Mix 8 Mix 9 23% NaCl Comparison of corrosion rate for different green solutions mixed with a small dosage of urea.

19 OCP (vs. Ag/AgCl) Evaluate Green Constituents Mix 6 Mix 7 Mix 8 Mix 9 23% NaCl Comparison of open circuit potential (OCP) values for different green solutions mixed with urea.

20 Evaluate Green Constituents Mix 6 Mix 7 Mix 8 Mix 9 23% NaCl Digital photo of the test coupons after 24 h immersion in test solutions containing urea.

21 Corrosion Rate (mpy) Evaluate Green Constituents Mix 11 Mix 12 Mix 13 Mix 14 23% NaCl Comparison of corrosion rate for different green solutions mixed with a commercial additive.

22 OCP (mv, vs. Ag/AgCl) Evaluate Green Constituents Mix 11 Mix 12 Mix 13 Mix 14 23% NaCl Comparison of open circuit potential values for different green solutions mixed with a commercial additive.

23 Evaluate Green Constituents Mix 11 Mix 12 Mix 13 Mix 14 23% NaCl Digital photo of the test coupons after 24 h immersion in green solutions containing a commercial additive.

24 Corrosion Rate (mpy) Evaluate Green Constituents Mix 16 Mix 17 Mix 18 Mix 19 23% NaCl Comparison of corrosion rate for different green solutions mixed with a small dosage of calcium silicate.

25 OCP (vs. Ag/AgCl) Evaluate Green Constituents Mix 16 Mix 17 Mix 18 Mix 19 23% NaCl Comparison of open circuit potential (OCP) values for different green solutions mixed with calcium silicate.

26 Evaluate Green Constituents Mix 16 Mix 17 Mix 18 Mix 19 23% NaCl Digital photo of the test coupons after 24 h immersion in test solutions containing calcium silicate.

27 Ice Melting test Performing modified SHRP ice melting test on the least corrosive green anti-icers.

28 Ice Melting test Some of the instruments used for Ice Melting Test.

29 ml brine / g deicer Ice Melting test Ice Melt vs. Time at 25 F Time (min) Mix 11 Mix 12 Mix 13 Mix 14 23% NaCl

30 Additional Testing of Green Anti-icers Statistical DoE to explore synergistic effects between green and commercial additives: corrosion test & ice melting test; effect on asphalt concrete (bending beam rheometer) Best performing formulations: shelf life, freezing point depression phase diagram (ASTM D ) and other properties WTI: test two best performers and 23 wt.% NaCl (control) for SHRP ice melting and SHRP ice penetration at two select temperatures (e.g., 15 F and 25 F). WTI: test one viable formula and the control for: freezing point depression phase diagram (ASTM D ) and friction coefficient of treated asphalt pavement at a certain temperature near 25 F.

31 Products and Timeline At least one paper for presentation at the TRB Annual Meeting, and also for peer-reviewed journal. One patent application to be prepared by Dec Project end date: Dec. 15, 2015.