MTT Agrifood Research Finland Trial Report 2012 Herbicides, fungicides and insecticides

Transcription

1 Trial Report 2012 Herbicides, fungicides and insecticides WEED CONTROL IN DIRECT-SOWN CARAWAY Study Director: Pentti Ruuttunen Trial ID Crop, variety Location Exp. starting date Exp. completion date H Caraway, Prochan Somero 03/06/11 11/10/12 Purpose of trial: To test the efficacy and the suitability of different weed control strategies in direct drilled caraway. SUMMARY Direct drilling of field crops has become common in recent years. No-till or reduced till systems save fuel and soil structure. In spring cereals it has proven necessary to control perennial and winter annual weed species with glyphosate just before or after direct drilling. The suitability of the same weed control strategy was tested in this field trial in direct drilled caraway. The trial is a part of the research project Superior caraway chain A farmer s field with mouldy sandy clay soil and a stubble of spring turnip rape and with a high pressure of perennial weeds (mainly Elymus repens, AGRRE) and winter annual weeds (mainly Tripleurospermum inodorum, MATIN) was chosen. Caraway, variety Prochan, was direct drilled quite late, on June 3 rd 2011, on a no-till stubble of spring turnip rape. There were five herbicide treatments and one untreated treatment in the trial. Glyphosate alone was sprayed in two treatments: Roundup Bio (glyphosate 360 g/l) 3.0 l/ha + Sito Plus 0.5 l/ha either just before direct drilling on June 3 rd (application timing A) or after direct drilling before the emergence of caraway on June 10 th (application timing B). A tank mixture treatment with Afalon-neste (linuron 450 g/l) l/ha mixed with Goltix 70 WG (metamitron 700 g/kg) kg/ha was sprayed at two applications (B on June 10 th and C on June 30 th ). At the timing C caraway and many spring annual weeds had emerged. In the last two treatments the same tank mix applications of Afalon-neste and Goltix 70 WG were combined with Roundup Bio 3.0 l/ha + Sito Plus 0.5 l/ha applied either at the timing A or B. Unfortunately there were some heavy rains in the middle of July, which made the soil surface very wet and caraway (especially in the replicates 2 and 4) emerged poorly. In the weed assessments in 2011 it was clearly seen that many annual weeds (GAESS, STEME, POLCO, CHEAL, BRSRO) were effectively controlled with Afalon-neste and Goltix, but Roundup Bio was needed to control MATIN and AGRRE. The full assessment results in 2011 were presented in the Trial Report 2011 Herbicides, Fungicides and Insecticides. In 2012 the trial was continued even though the replicates 2 and 4 had to be abandoned because of very sparse and uneven crop stand. However, the replicates 1 and 3 were rather even and the results can be considered reliable. On June 7 th 2012 the ground coverage of caraway was % in the treatments with Roundup Bio, which was statistically significantly higher than in the untreated treatment (28 %) and in the treatment with Afalon-neste + Goltix (38 %) (Figure 1). Only the treatments with all three herbicides clearly reduced the coverage of all assessed weeds TAROF, MATIN and AGRRE, even though only the cover reduction of TAROF was statistically significant. On July 5 th 2012 the density of flowering caraway plants was at least 4 times higher in the treatments with three herbicides and the treatment with Roundup Bio at timing B compared to the untreated treatment (Figure 2). All herbicide treatments except Afalon-neste + Goltix increased the caraway yield statistically significantly. The highest yield 1432 kg/ha was harvested in the treatment with Roundup Bio at timing A followed with Afalon-neste + Goltix at timings B and C (Figure 3).

2 Trial Report 2012 Herbicides, fungicides and insecticides TRIAL H Figure 1. Ground cover % of caraway (CRYCA) and the most abundant weeds Taraxacum officinale (TAROF), Tripleurospermum inodorum (MATIN) and Elymus repens (AGRRE) on June 7 th 2012 (343 DA-C). Figure 2. Number of flowering and not flowering (young) caraway plants per square metre on July 5 th 2012 (371 DA-C). Figure 3. Caraway seed yield on August 9 th 2012 (406 DA-C).

3 17/01/13 (H ) Confidential Trial Treatments Page 1 of 1 Trt Treatment Form Form Lot Rate Appl No. Name Conc Type Code Rate Unit Code 1 Untreated 2 Roundup Bio 360 SL A9CO L/ha A -glyphosate g AI Sito Plus SL L/ha A 3 Roundup Bio 360 SL A9CO L/ha B -glyphosate g AI Sito Plus SL L/ha B 4 Afalon-neste 450 SC L/ha B Afalon-neste 450 SC L/ha C Goltix 70 WG 700 WG kg/ha BC 5 Roundup Bio 360 SL A9CO L/ha A -glyphosate g AI Sito Plus SL L/ha A Afalon-neste 450 SC L/ha B Afalon-neste 450 SC L/ha C Goltix 70 WG 700 WG kg/ha BC 6 Roundup Bio 360 SL A9CO L/ha B -glyphosate g AI Sito Plus SL L/ha B Afalon-neste 450 SC L/ha B Afalon-neste 450 SC L/ha C Goltix 70 WG 700 WG kg/ha BC Replications: 4, Untreated treatments: 1, Conduct under GLP/GEP: Yes (GEP with audit trail), Design: Randomised Complete Block (RCB), Treatment units: Treated 'Plot' experimental unit size, Dry Form. Unit: g/ kg, Treated 'Plot' experimental unit size Width: 3 meters, Treated 'Plot' experimental unit size Length: 8 meters, Application volume: 200 L/ha, Mix size: 3 litres, Format definitions: G-All7.def, G-All7.frm

4 15/01/13 (H ) Confidential Site Description Page 1 of 5 General Trial Information Study Director: Pentti Ruuttunen Title: Research Scientist Investigator: Pentti Ruuttunen Trial Status: K multi-year/final Initiation Date: 03/06/11 Planned Completion Date: 15/02/12 Trial Location City: Somero Latitude of LL Corner : N FIN Longitude of LL Corner : E Postal Code: FI Country: FIN Map Reference: WGS 84 Conducted Under GEP: Yes No. Guideline Description 1. PP 1/152(2) Design and analysis of efficacy evaluation trials 2. PP 1/181(2) Conduct and reporting of efficacy evaluation trials Objectives: To compare weed control treatments in direct-sown caraway Personnel Study Director: Pentti Ruuttunen Title: Research Scientist Affiliation: Address: Laboratorium, Uutetie 1 Location: Jokioinen, Finland Postal Code: FI pentti.ruuttunen@mtt.fi Phone No.: Investigator: Pentti Ruuttunen Cooperator: Totti Nuoritalo Address 1: Turuntie 1391 City: Pitkäjärvi Postal Code: FI Country: FIN Phone No.: Cooperator/Landowner Crop Description Crop 1: CRYCA Carum carvi Caraway, common Variety: Prochan BBCH Scale: BDIC Planting Date: 03/06/11 Planting Method: DIRDRI direct drilled Rate, Unit: 25 KG/HA Depth, Unit: 0.75 CM Seed Bed: COMPAC compacted Harvest Date: 09/08/12 Harvest Equipment: Plot combiner Harvested Width, Unit: 2 m Harvested Length, Unit: 8 m

5 15/01/13 (H ) Confidential Site Description Page 2 of 5 Pest Description Pest 1 Type: W Code: MATIN Tripleurospermum inodorum Common Name: Chamomille, false Pest 2 Type: W Code: GAESS Galeopsis sp. Common Name: Hempnettle Pest 3 Type: W Code: AGRRE Elymus repens Common Name: Couchgrass Pest 4 Type: W Code: POLSS Polygonum sp. Common Name: Knotweed Pest 5 Type: W Code: TAROF Taraxacum officinale Common Name: Common dandelion Pest 6 Type: W Code: VIOAR Viola arvensis Common Name: Field violet Pest 7 Type: W Code: STEME Stellaria media Common Name: Common chickweed Pest 8 Type: W Code: BRSRO Brassica rapa oleifera Common Name: Oilseed turnip Site and Design Plot Width, Unit: 3m Site Type: FIELD field Plot Length, Unit: 8m Plot Area, Unit: 24 m2 Tillage Type: NOTILL no-till Replications: 4 Study Design: RACOBL Randomized Complete Block (RCB) No. Previous Crop Previous Pesticides Year 1. Spring turnip rape Galera 2010 Maintenance Maintenance Rate No. Date Treatment Name Rate Unit 1. 03/06/11 Pellon NP (N:26 P:4 K:1) 250 KG/HA 2. 26/04/12 Oulunsalpietari (N:27.5 P:0 K:1) 334 KG/HA 3. 04/06/12 Kestac L/HA 4. 13/06/12 Mavrik 2 F 0.2 L/HA ph: 6.6 MOULDY SANDY CLAY Soil Description Element Quantity Unit Ca 3000 MG/L P 4.00 MG/L K 180 MG/L Mg 650 MG/L S 9.00 MG/L Additional Measured Elements Moisture and Weather Conditions See the appendix of weather data Closest Weather Station: Jokioinen Distance, Unit: KM

6 15/01/13 (H ) Confidential Site Description Page 3 of 5 Application Description A B C Application Date: 03/06/11 10/06/11 30/06/11 Time of Day: 9:10 9:30 8:00 Application Method: SPRAY SPRAY SPRAY Application Placement: BROFOL BROFOL BROFOL Applied By: PR,ME,LR PR,LR,JA PR,LR,JA Air Temperature, Unit: 14 C 24 C 19 C % Relative Humidity: Wind Velocity, Unit: 2.5 M/S 1.5 M/S 1.8 M/S Dew Presence (Y/N): N no N no N no Soil Moisture: DRY DRY DRY % Cloud Cover: Crop Stage At Each Application A B C Crop 1 Code, BBCH Scale: CRYCA BDIC CRYCA BDIC CRYCA BDIC Stage Scale Used: BBCH BBCH BBCH Stage Majority, Percent: Height, Unit: 0 CM 1 CM Height Minimum, Maximum: 0 2

7 15/01/13 (H ) Confidential Site Description Page 4 of 5 Pest Stage At Each Application A B C Pest 1 Code, Type, Scale: MATIN W BBCH MATIN W BBCH MATIN W BBCH Stage Majority, Percent: Height, Unit: 22.5 CM 25 CM 35 CM Height Minimum, Maximum: Pest 2 Code, Type, Scale: GAESS W BBCH GAESS W BBCH GAESS W BBCH Stage Majority, Percent: Height, Unit: 5.5 CM 6.5 CM 10.5 CM Height Minimum, Maximum: Pest 3 Code, Type, Scale: AGRRE W BBCH AGRRE W BBCH AGRRE W BBCH Stage Majority, Percent: Height, Unit: 22.5 CM 30 CM 40 CM Height Minimum, Maximum: Pest 4 Code, Type, Scale: POLSS W BBCH POLSS W BBCH POLSS W BBCH Stage Majority, Percent: Height, Unit: 2.5 CM 5 CM Height Minimum, Maximum: Pest 5 Code, Type, Scale: TAROF W BBCH TAROF W BBCH TAROF W BBCH Stage Majority, Percent: Height, Unit: 12.5 CM 12.5 CM 12.5 CM Height Minimum, Maximum: Pest 6 Code, Type, Scale: VIOAR W BBCH VIOAR W BBCH VIOAR W BBCH Stage Majority, Percent: Height, Unit: 12.5 CM 10 CM 10 CM Height Minimum, Maximum: Pest 7 Code, Type, Scale: STEME W BBCH STEME W BBCH STEME W BBCH Stage Majority, Percent: Height, Unit: 2.5 CM Height Minimum, Maximum: 2 3 Pest 8 Code, Type, Scale: BRSRO W BRSRO W BRSRO W Stage Majority, Percent: Height, Unit: 2 CM Height Minimum, Maximum: 1 3

8 15/01/13 (H ) Confidential Site Description Page 5 of 5 Application Equipment A B C Appl. Equipment: PLOT SPRAYER PLOT SPRAYER PLOT SPRAYER Operation Pressure, Unit: 2.2 BAR 1.9 BAR 1.9 BAR Nozzle Type: HARDI4110 HARDI4110 HARDI4110 Nozzle Size: Nozzle Spacing, Unit: 50 CM 50 CM 50 CM Boom ID: KSU 9 KSU 4 KSU 4 Boom Length, Unit: 3 M 3 M 3 M Boom Height, Unit: 50 CM 50 CM 50 CM Ground Speed, Unit: 1 M/S 1.0 M/S 1.0 M/S Spray Volume, Unit: 200 L/HA 200 L/HA 200 L/HA Mix Size, Unit: 3 Liters 3 Liters 3 Liters Propellant: AIR AIR AIR Trt No Treatment Application Comment The application A was made just before direct-drilling of caraway. At the application C caraway had emerged poorly in the replicates 2 and 4.

9 23/01/13 (H ) Confidential AOV Means Table Page 1 of 2 Pest Code TAROF MATIN AGRRE MATIN TAROF Crop Code CRYCA CRYCA CRYCA Crop Variety Prochan Prochan Prochan Part Rated PLANT C PLANT P PLANT P PLANT P PLAFLO C PLAIMM C PLAFLO C PLAFLO C Rating Date 07/06/12 07/06/12 07/06/12 07/06/12 05/07/12 05/07/12 05/07/12 05/07/12 Rating Type GROUND GROUND GROUND GROUND COUPLA COUPLA COUPLA COUPLA Rating Unit % % % % NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER Sample Size, Unit 24 M2 24 M2 24 M2 1 PLOT 1 M2 1 M2 1 M2 1 M2 Number of Subsamples Crop Stage Majority Crop Stage Scale BBCH BBCH BBCH BBCH BBCH BBCH BBCH BBCH Pest Stage Majority Footnote Number Assessed By PR PR PR PR LR LR LR LR Days After First/Last Applic Trt-Eval Interval 343 DA-C 343 DA-C 343 DA-C 343 DA-C 371 DA-C 371 DA-C 371 DA-C 371 DA-C Plant-Eval Interval 370 DP DP DP DP DP DP DP DP-1 ARM Action Codes P P P P TSS[34] APOC TSS[36] APOC TSS[38] APOC TSS[40] APOC Trt Treatment Rate Appl No. Name Rate Unit Code Untreated 28 c 20 a 23 a 20 a 24 c 89 a 3.0 a 5.0 ab (100%) (100%) (100%) (100%) 2 Roundup Bio 3.0 L/ha A 55 b 18 a 18 a 0 a 65 bc 72 a 1.5 a 7.5 ab Sito Plus 0.5 L/ha A (269%) (80%) (50%) (150%) 3 Roundup Bio 3.0 L/ha B 53 b 18 a 23 a 1 a 97 ab 59 a 0.0 a 9.0 a Sito Plus 0.5 L/ha B (402%) (66%) (0%) (180%) 4 Afalon-neste 1.0 L/ha B 38 c 15 a 15 a 23 a 56 bc 90 a 0.0 a 1.0 b Afalon-neste 0.7 L/ha C (233%) (101%) (0%) (20%) 5 Roundup Bio 3.0 L/ha A 75 a 5 b 3 a 4 a 99 ab 47 a 23.5 a 1.0 b Sito Plus 0.5 L/ha A (413%) (52%) (783%) (20%) Afalon-neste 1.0 L/ha B Afalon-neste 0.7 L/ha C 6 Roundup Bio 3.0 L/ha B 63 b 8 b 5 a 10 a 139 a 56 a 0.0 a 0.5 b Sito Plus 0.5 L/ha B (577%) (63%) (0%) (10%) Afalon-neste 1.0 L/ha B Afalon-neste 0.7 L/ha C LSD (P=.05) Standard Deviation CV Bartlett's X P(Bartlett's X2) * * Replicate F Replicate Prob(F) Treatment F Treatment Prob(F) Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=.05, Student-Newman-Keuls) Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5: TSS[34] = Sum subsamples([34]) Column 6: TSS[36] = Sum subsamples([36]) Column 7: TSS[38] = Sum subsamples([38]) Column 8: TSS[40] = Sum subsamples([40]) Column 9: TY4 = 0.625*[C42]*(100-@MVAVGREP([C48]))/91 Column 10: TY5 = 0.625*[43]*(100-@MVAVGREP([48]))/91 Column 11: T6 = 100*[50]/[49] Column 12: T3 = ((100-[C48])*[C45])/91

10 23/01/13 (H ) Confidential AOV Means Table Page 2 of 2 Pest Code Crop Code Crop Variety Part Rated Rating Date Rating Type Rating Unit Sample Size, Unit Number of Subsamples Crop Stage Majority Crop Stage Scale Pest Stage Majority Footnote Number Assessed By Days After First/Last Applic. Trt-Eval Interval Plant-Eval Interval ARM Action Codes Trt Treatment Rate Appl No. Name Rate Unit Code 1 Untreated 2 Roundup Bio 3.0 L/ha A Sito Plus 0.5 L/ha A 3 Roundup Bio 3.0 L/ha B Sito Plus 0.5 L/ha B 4 Afalon-neste 1.0 L/ha B Afalon-neste 0.7 L/ha C 5 Roundup Bio 3.0 L/ha A Sito Plus 0.5 L/ha A Afalon-neste 1.0 L/ha B Afalon-neste 0.7 L/ha C 6 Roundup Bio 3.0 L/ha B Sito Plus 0.5 L/ha B Afalon-neste 1.0 L/ha B Afalon-neste 0.7 L/ha C LSD (P=.05) Standard Deviation CV Bartlett's X2 P(Bartlett's X2) Replicate F Replicate Prob(F) Treatment F Treatment Prob(F) CRYCA CRYCA CRYCA CRYCA Prochan Prochan Prochan Prochan SEED C SEED C SEED C SEED C 09/08/12 09/08/12 09/08/12 11/10/12 YIELD PUREYIELD PURITY 1000WEIG KG KG % G 1 ha 1 ha 1 PLOT 1000 SEED BBCH BBCH BBCH BBCH VR VR VR LR DA-C 406 DA-C 469 DA-C 433 DP DP DP DP-1 TY4 APOC TY5 APOC T6 T3 APOC d 343 d 90.6 a 0.32 a (100%) (100%) (100%) 829 c 777 c 93.8 a 0.32 a (215%) (227%) (101%) 1012 bc 964 bc 95.2 a 0.32 a (263%) (281%) (101%) 664 cd 632 cd 95.2 a 0.34 a (173%) (184%) (106%) 1432 a 1375 a 95.9 a 0.32 a (372%) (401%) (101%) 1226 ab 1171 ab 95.5 a 0.34 a (319%) (341%) (105%)