Swedish development of Energy-efficient buildings

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1 Melbourne Forum September 2011 Swedish development of Energy-efficient buildings From reduction of energy use to increased use of renewable energy Maria Wall Energy and Building Design Lund University, Sweden

2 Why energy-efficient buildings? Energy supply Climate aspects Safety aspects

3 Energy use in the Swedish building sector Industry Transports Building sector Construction Household / common electricity Electricity for fans, pumps etc Energy for heating buildings and domestic hot water Source: STEM

4 EU-directive on the energy performance of buildings: 2002/91/EC Such as... Make buildings more energy-efficient and use less energy Energy certification of buildings: Energy declaration of all buildings gives information regarding energy use and potential for improvement - Implemented in member states before 2009

5 Targets: CO 2 and renewable energy Two new goals set up by EU in January 2008: 1. At least 20% reduction of CO 2 -emissions until 2020 in all member states % renewable energy of EU s total end energy use by EU s Swedish targets: 1. CO 2 reduction with 17% from 2005 to Renewable energy 49% by 2020 (renewable energy was 40% in 2005)

6 Background: Energy-efficient Buildings in Europe Low-energy buildings many concepts Passive houses. First prototype built in Germany The concept is based on minimizing the building s energy losses. Zero-energy buildings produce the same amount of energy as they consume often based on an annual energy balance. (many definitions exist) see IEA SHC Task 40 Plus-energy buildings produce more energy than they consume Zero energy building Passive houses Photo:Karsten Voss

7 Energy costs are increasing Increased interest in climate and environmental issues Directives from the EU (energy-efficiency, renewable energy, CO 2 -emmissions etc) The first passive house project was a success Increased interest in building passive houses

8 Typical insulation thicknesses walls Passive houses in Sweden Apartment buildings; ca cm Terrace houses; ca cm Single family detached houses; > 50 cm

9 Passive House Single Family House in Sweden

10 High comfort Low energy demand Increased use of renewables Cost-effective solutions

11 Terrace houses in Lindås

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13 Source EFEM Arkitektkontor Preliminary study Design / Research Construction Monitoring Evaluation

14 180 Energy Use 160 Delivered energy (kwh/m²a) Household Electricity Fans & Pumps Domestic Hot Water Space Heating ** - 60%! 0 Existing houses * *Source: The Swedish Energy Agency 14.3 Lindås (monitored) **) contribution from solar collectors: 8.9 kwh/m²a Total DHW use: = 24.1 kwh/m²a

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16 Oxtorget, Värnamo; Apartment buildings, built 2006

17 Frillesås; Apartment buildings, built 2006

18 Lidköping; Single-family house Built 2007

19 Energy-efficient renovation of buildings

20 Sweden about 1 million apartments were built the million programme Many of these apartment buildings were built with prefabricated concrete elements with poor insulation and poor ventilation without heat recovery Now, years later, they are in great need of renovation. Take the opportunity to significantly reduce the energy demand of these buildings, when renovating!

21 Renovation of 300 apartments Brogården, Alingsås (SE) Built 1970 Renovation planned during First building ready Feb.09 Passive house principle

22 Brogården measures Added insulation; walls, floor, roof New facade material Increase airtightness, bld envelope New windows (U= W/m²K) Balconies moved outside Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (80%) Energy-efficient household appliances Individual monitoring, energy use

23 Illustration: efem Renovated arkitekter

24 Alingsås, Brogården Measured energy use before and after renovation 250 Delivered Energy (kwh/m²a) Electricity, common areas Household Electricity Domestic Hot Water Space heating DHW+space heating: District heating 16 0 Before (2004) After (2009/2010) 29

25 Solar Potential EU EPBD 2010 on the energy performance of buildings Nearly zero-energy buildings EU goal in 10 years. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources. Architectural consequences and potentials This will increase the use of the building envelope as an active solar collector! If a large part of the building envelope will be covered by solar thermal and/or PV collectors, it will highly influence the building s architecture and the urban landscape If building integration of solar systems is not accepted no market penetration! - Efficiency x Usability! Solar Energy and Architecture / Maria Wall

26 Solar Energy and Architecture IEA SHC Task 41 Solar Energy and Architecture / Maria Wall

27 IEA Project IEA-SHC Task 41: Solar Energy and Architecture Subtask A: Criteria for architectural integration Leaders: Maria Cristina Munari Probst & Christian Roecker, Switzerland Subtask B: Methods and Tools for solar design Leaders: Miljana Horvat & Marie-Claude Dubois, Canada Subtask C: Case studies & communication Leaders: Olaf Bruun Jørgensen, Denmark & Merete Hoff, Norway Overall objectives of Task Accelerate development of high-quality solar architecture 2. Improve qualifications of architects Solar Energy and Architecture / Maria Wall

28 Task 41 participants Participating countries Australia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark Germany Italy Norway Portugal Singapore Spain Sweden Switzerland South Korea Find out more by visiting: Solar Energy and Architecture / Maria Wall

29 Task 41 contributions Contribution of IEA Task 41 to remove barriers Examples: Seminars / Workshops - both national and international International survey and state-of-the art Collection of high quality architectural examples Guidelines for architects about Solar Thermal and PV integration Guidelines for product developers of both technologies Architectural needs for tool developers. Recommendations for developers of tools to be used by architects at an early design stage Solar design: Examples on the use of tools for architects. Booklet for architects. Communication guidelines to support architects Solar Energy and Architecture / Maria Wall

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31 The vision - and the opportunity - is to make architectural design a driving force for the use of solar energy Photo: EPFL-LESO Solar Energy and Architecture / Maria Wall Sunny Woods, residential building Beat Kämpfen Architects, Switzerland