Fuel of the future. HafenCity hydrogen station

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1 Fuel of the future HafenCity hydrogen station

2 Energy future becomes a reality Electromobility with hydrogen At the entrance to Hamburg s HafenCity you can find a piece of the future: one of the biggest and most modern hydrogen stations in Europe with sufficient capacity to refuel a fleet of 20 local buses plus plenty of cars as well. The storage technology of the HafenCity hydrogen station is already turning our energy future into reality. The increased use of renewable technologies means there is a need for better balancing of fluctuating loads. Or, to put it differently: when there is more wind than the grid needs, the station can produce clean fuel on demand. The hydrogen station is part of the Clean Energy Partnership (CEP) lighthouse project. In this project partnership, Vattenfall and other partners from industry are testing hydrogen as a fuel for everyday use. Vattenfall s interest here focuses on the infrastructure in particular. The CEP project receives assistance under the National Innovation Programme for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology (NIP). 2

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4 Clean motion We put wind energy on the road We are increasingly turning to electromobility to cut emissions and reduce our dependence on fossil resources. There are various ways of making electricity from renewable sources available for the electric motor: both battery-powered electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles allow us to make zero-emission progress along our roads. Battery-powered vehicles are especially suitable for short distances. Vehicles that use hydrogen to store their energy have a much greater range, similar to that of present-day cars with combustion engines. The 450 kilograms of hydrogen in the tanks at our hydrogen station is to take a car from Hamburg to Rome and once round the world as well. In Hamburg, there are not only increasing numbers of electric vehicles and hydrogen cars, but also the fuel cell hybrid buses operated by HOCHBAHN. These clean buses can cover nearly 350 kilometres on a full tank. 4

5 Record-breaking hydrogen Fuelled by wind and sun Hydrogen not only has the lowest density of all elements, but it is also the commonest element in the universe. Hydrogen has been used in industrial processes for more than 100 years and even as a motor fuel. Since it can be produced from many sources, used for a wide range of purposes and above all stored, hydrogen is a very promising energy carrier of our time. A kilo of hydrogen contains about three times as much energy as a kilo of oil. Energy generated from wind or sun is not constantly available and cannot be planned. For this reason energy storage systems like hydrogen technology are highly important. Hydrogen can be used as a buffer and means of energy storage for fluctuating feed-in from wind or solar installations a transportable source of energy a fuel for heating a fuel for cars and commercial vehicles 5

6 HafenCity hydrogen station Project phase Capacity Source of hydrogen Dispensers (2) Electrolysers (2, max. 3) Total per day 750 kg vehicle consumption Hydrogen buses: approx. 9 kg H₂, cars: approx. 1 kg H₂ per 100 km At least 50 % by electrolysis on site, the rest delivered Refuelling time buses (35 MPa) max. 10 min, cars (35/ 70 MPa) max. 5 / 3 min Electrolysers (Ely) 60 Nm³ / h each energy consumption per Ely 4.8 kwh / Nm³ process water requirement per Ely 19 l / kg installed capacity per Ely 480 kva operating pressure 8 MPa electrolyte 30 % KOH (potassium hydroxide) Compressors (2) capacity (per compressor) 406 Nm³ / h energy consumption 0.27 kwh / Nm³ (manufacturer s figure) power consumption (per compressor) 85 kva Medium pressure tanks (2) High pressure tanks (120) Storage capacity 50 m³ each storage pressure max. 4.5 MPa Storage capacity 6,000 l storage pressure max. 80 MPa, four high-pressure banks

7 HafenCity hydrogen station Medium pressure tanks High pressure tanks Elektrolyser Compressors Bus dispenser (35 MPa) Car dispenser (70 / 35 MPa)

8 Delivery Certified green electricity Grid management Electrolyser Medium pressure tanks (450 kg)

9 1.5 MPa 11.5 MPa 90 MPa 4 MPa 32 MPa Ionic compressors High pressure tanks (250 kg) Dispenser (35 und 70 MPa) Fuel cells in hydrogen buses and cars

10 Convincing technology, new specifications We set new standards Despite the limited space at the hydrogen station, at least half the eco-friendly fuel is produced on site by electrolysis from water. The rest is delivered by truck. With a capacity of 750 kilograms of hydrogen per day, the filling station can supply the needs of about 20 buses a day and several dozen hydrogen cars. The HafenCity hydrogen station is one of the first filling stations worldwide to offer 70-MPa refuelling technology conforming to the SAE J2601 standard as well as the tried-and-tested 35-MPa technology. The higher pressure and the resulting higher compression ratio make it possible to store more hydrogen in the car. As a result, the cars have an operating range comparable to that of conventionally powered vehicles. 10

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12 Clean conversion Putting the wind in the tank Hydrogen can be made from water anywhere with the aid of electricity. This is done in an electrolyser, which splits the water into its component elements hydrogen and oxygen. This process can subsequently be reversed: in a fuel cell the hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form water again. This process releases energy in the form of electricity which can be used to power an electric motor, for example. 12

13 Electrolysis Cathode reaction 2 H₂O + 2 e -> H₂ + 2 OH Hydrogen Anode reaction 4 OH -> O₂ + 2 H₂O + 4 e Anode Cathode

14 New mobility perspectives Experiencing future projects live Not only our future energy system is changing, but also our future mobility. By 2017 the hydrogen station in Hamburg s HafenCity will supply important data on hydrogen production, and also on wind-dependent production and the efficiency of the system as a whole. This public hydrogen station in the heart of Hamburg gives all users of suitable equipped vehicles the opportunity to refuel here regardless of manufacturer. You can experience what there is to know about the fuel of the future, how it is produced, stored and used for public transport. We offer guided tours. We will be glad to receive inquiries about group visits. Please send your request to: innovation@vattenfall.de or call us on: You can find more information on hydrogen and the Clean Energy Partnership at and 14

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16 Continental Renewables Business Development and System Integration Hamburg, Germany Überseering 12 T F anette.polkehn-appel@vattenfall.de daniel.hustadt@vattenfall.de Vattenfall Europe Innovation GmbH 2014, february