Towards Achieving the Rio+20 Outcomes - The Future We Want - Opportunities through 3Rs and Resource Efficiency Measures

Transcription

1 Towards Achieving the Rio+20 Outcomes - The Future We Want - Opportunities through 3Rs and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl Senior Principal Scientist ECOSYSTEM SCIENCES/SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES PROGRAM

2 Main message Sustainable resource use will be instrumental for Asia to ensure socio-economic development in a world in which resources are more constrained and the absorptive capacity of ecosystems is decreasing rapidly Challenge for public policy to achieve a transition to a Green Economy enabled by resource efficiency and systems innovation Change will not occur spontaneously but will require well designed policies The 3R s are powerful tools to enable resource efficiency in regional development 2 Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

3 Rio+20: renewed global support for SDG s Poverty eradication, enabling sustainable patterns of consumption and production and managing the natural resource base of social and economic development are important goals for all nations. They will require international collaboration, knowledge exchange and improved forms of governance to be successfully implemented. Triple dividend of increased standards of living, equitable participation in human development, based on a healthy environmental and resource base. Inclusive green economy, sustainable production and consumption and sustainable use of natural resources 3R policies and policy instruments 3 Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

4 Challenges and opportunities 3 billion additional middle class consumers by % rise in steel and cement demand by 2030 Price rises in food, energy, materials and water since 2000 Cost of extraction of oil and metals doubling Large spending on natural resource subsidies Converging pressure points of supply security and climate change $2.9 trillion of savings in 2030 through capturing the resource efficiency potential (3.7 trillion if carbon is priced at 30$ a tonne) Large investment in resource systems needed to satisfy demand Recycling potential for many metals underutilised Prioritisation housing, transport, energy and food deliver 75% of savings 4 Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

5 A changing economic context 5 Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

6 3R s focus on the life-cycle of natural resources 6 Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

7 Herman Daly economics in a full world Allocation the division of the resource flow among alternative product uses and producing sectors through competitive markets Distribution the division of the resource flow, embodied in products and services, among different people justice or fairness of distribution is a separate goal from efficiency and requires separate policy instruments Scale the total volume of the resource flow, the matter-energy throughput taken from the environment as low-entropy resources and returned to the environment as high-entropy wastes. Scale is relative to environmental carrying capacity but largely ignored in neo-classical economics 7 Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

8 Human Development Index (HDI) Advances in human development in Asia Large achievements have moved million of people out of poverty Highly non-linear relationship of human development and natural resource use Different costs of education, life expectancy and per-capita income 1970: Globally uniform high-human development has been restricted by natural resource availability Today: Enough natural resources but inefficiently used and unevenly distributed Material and Energy Use, Emissions 8 Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

9 Absolute and relative decoupling getting more from less 9 Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

10 Economic growth and natural resource use in Asia 10 Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

11 Million tonnes 38 billion tonnes of natural resources use in 2008 Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) waste equivalent 80,000 70,000 60,000 Asia-Pacific Rest of World World 70 billion tonnes (2008) 50,000 40,000 Asia-Pacific overtakes (2005) 30,000 20,000 10, Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

12 Million tonnes Transition to new materials Increasing recycling and waste challenges ,000 35,000 30,000 Metal ores and industrial minerals Fossil fuels Construction minerals Biomass 17% 23% 6% 54% 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, % % 25% 51% 12 Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

13 Million tonnes Growing trade dependency 1,200 1, Metal ores and industrial minerals Fossil fuels Construction minerals Biomass Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

14 kg/us$ Reducing material efficiency Global material efficiency declines Asia-Pacific becomes less efficient Asia-Pacific Rest of World World Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

15 Tonnes per capita Tonnes per capita Tonnes per capita Differences between DMC and Material Footprint Australia Year China DMC MF Japan Year Landing point tonnes per capita DMC MF Year DMC MF billion people 225 billion tonnes of natural resource use 4 times of today 15 Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

16 Million tonnes Future of material use, example of China Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 DMC ( ) DMC ( ) 18.2 tonnes per-capita 19.5 billion tonnes China 25.6 tonnes per-capita 28.7 tonnes per-capita 40 billion tonnes Assuming decadal GDP growth to decline to 3% per annum by % per annum improvement in material intensity Medium population projection of 1.4 billion by 2050 Source: Schandl and West (2010), UNEP (2011), West and Schandl (2012) 16 Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

17 Increasing the eco-efficiency of production and consumption in Asia through the 3Rs Production Green investment Cleaner production Eco-efficiency Industrial symbiosis, eco industrial parks Recycling and waste management Extended producer responsibility Private and government consumption Eco-labelling Service instead of purchasing Buy responsibly Green procurement 17 Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

18 Incremental and transformative policies Policies aimed at transforming current systems Production Green investment Cleaner production Eco-efficiency Extended producer responsibility Activity domains Construction/Housing Transport/Mobility Agriculture/Eating Manufacturing/Consumer goods Utilities/Water and electricity Green infrastructure and design Private Consumption Eco-labelling Service instead of purchasing Buy responsibly Government Consumption Green procurement Policies aimed at improving current behaviours within existing systems 18 Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

19 Transformative policies Green budget and tax reform revenue neutrality Pricing and capping the use of natural resources at source Paying productivity gains in increased recreation time and not just by rising incomes helps avoid rebound effect Replacing subsides on resources Investing in product service systems, eco industrial parks and ecocities, resource recycling and cascading 19

20 Policy support Clear high-level vision and framework policy such as, for example, a national action plan for 3R s; a national strategy for resource efficiency that supports policy framing Good mix of transformational and sectoral policies that work together well Coordinating authority managing the policy process and coordinating agencies High-level of ownership of 3R and RE policies by the respective line ministries 20 Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

21 Policy support Cross-collaboration between different agencies at all levels is encouraged to avoid duplication of effort or contradictory efforts from different agencies 3R policies are mainstreamed into national development plans and sectoral policies, using well defined strategies, instruments and targets Explicit policies for cleaner production and extended producer responsibility, green public procurement and eco-labelling, recycling and waste management Based on evidence form the best available research 21 Opportunities through 3R s and Resource Efficiency Measures Heinz Schandl

22 Thank you Ecosystem Sciences Division Social and Economic Sciences Program Heinz Schandl Senior Principal Scientist t e heinz.schandl@csiro.au w ADD BUSINESS UNIT/FLAGSHIP NAME